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Literature summary for 3.4.24.69 extracted from

  • Caleo, M.; Antonucci, F.; Restani, L.; Mazzocchio, R.
    A reappraisal of the central effects of botulinum neurotoxin type A: by what mechanism? (2009), J. Neurochem., 109, 15-24.
    View publication on PubMed

Application

Application Comment Organism
medicine localized injections of BoNT/A are widely employed in clinical neurology to treat several human diseases characterized by muscle hyperactivity Clostridium botulinum

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
SNAP-25 + H2O Clostridium botulinum i.e. 25-kDa synaptosome-associated protein, substrate of BoNT/A, /E, and /C ?
-
?
VAMP + H2O Clostridium botulinum i.e. vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin, substrate of BoNT/B, /D, /F, /G, and /C ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Clostridium botulinum
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seven serotypes of BoNTs
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Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
SNAP-25 + H2O i.e. 25-kDa synaptosome-associated protein, substrate of BoNT/A, /E, and /C Clostridium botulinum ?
-
?
VAMP + H2O i.e. vesicle-associated membrane protein/synaptobrevin, substrate of BoNT/B, /D, /F, /G, and /C Clostridium botulinum ?
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
More each toxin is composed of a heavy, HC, 100 kDa, and a light chain, L, 50 kDa, linked by a disulfide bond and non-covalent interactions Clostridium botulinum

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
BoNT/A
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Clostridium botulinum
botulinum neurotoxin a
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Clostridium botulinum

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
additional information retrograde transport and transcytosis of catalytically active BoNT/A in cells, mechanisms, overview Clostridium botulinum
physiological function BoNT/A is a metalloprotease that enters peripheral motor nerve terminals and blocks the release of acetylcholine via the specific cleavage of the synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa. The C-terminus of the heavy chain. HC binds with extraordinary specificity to nerve terminals. Following receptor-mediated endocytosis and acidification of the endosome, the N-terminal portion of the heavy chain, HN, translocates LC across the vesicular membrane into the cytosol. LC acts as Zn2+-dependent endopeptidase to cleave essential protein components of the neurotransmitter release machinery, the SNARE, i.e. soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor, proteins. This results in disruption of Ca2+-triggered fusion of synaptic vesicles with the plasma membrane. Central effects of BoNT/A and mechanism, detailed overview Clostridium botulinum