Literature summary for 3.4.21.78 extracted from

Martinvalet, D.; Zhu, P.; Lieberman, J.
Granzyme A induces caspase-independent mitochondrial damage, a required first step for apoptosis (2005), Immunity, 22, 355-370.

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Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
additional information	Homo sapiens	extracellular enzyme is delivered to the cytosol by perforin, where it causes a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss, but does not cleave bid or cause apoptotic factor release. Mitochondrial effect is direct, does not require cytosol, and is insensitive to bcl-2 and caspase inhibition. Mitochondrial damage is an essential first step in killer cell granule-mediated pathways of apoptosis	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Homo sapiens	-	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
additional information	extracellular enzyme is delivered to the cytosol by perforin, where it causes a rapid increase in reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial transmembrane potential loss, but does not cleave bid or cause apoptotic factor release. Mitochondrial effect is direct, does not require cytosol, and is insensitive to bcl-2 and caspase inhibition. Mitochondrial damage is an essential first step in killer cell granule-mediated pathways of apoptosis	Homo sapiens	?	-	?

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)