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Literature summary for 3.2.2.22 extracted from
- Ribosome-inactivating proteins (2004), Toxicon, 44, 371-383.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| agriculture | MAP shows antifungal activity | Mirabilis expansa |
| agriculture | PAP can be useful against plant virus infections | Phytolacca americana |
| agriculture | the enzyme shows antifungal activity | Hordeum vulgare |
| medicine | gelonin acts as immunotoxin | Suregada multiflora |
| medicine | MAP shows antifungal activity | Mirabilis expansa |
| medicine | PAP acts as immunotoxin | Phytolacca americana |
| medicine | saporin acts as immunotoxin | Saponaria officinalis |
| medicine | the enzyme shows antifungal activity | Hordeum vulgare |
| medicine | trichosanthin is immunogenic and leads to IgE production in humans, Trichosanthes kirilowii is a traditional chinese medicine plant, root tubers containing trichosanthin cause abortion, overview | Trichosanthes kirilowii |
| additional information | ricin is used as biological weapon for warefare and terrorism | Ricinus communis |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | enzyme expressionin transgenic tobacco plants confers resistance to the insect Helicoverpa zea | Zea mays |
| additional information | expression of PAP in transgenic plants, e.g. Nicotiana tabacum, confers resistance to potato virus X and fungus Rhizoconia solani | Phytolacca americana |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| large rRNA + H2O | Ricinus communis | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? |  |
| large rRNA + H2O | Shigella dysenteriae | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Abrus precatorius | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Sambucus nigra | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Viscum album | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Phoradendron californicum | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Adenia volkensii | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | Adenia digitata | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Suregada multiflora | gelonin acts as immunotoxin, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Mirabilis expansa | MAP shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Phytolacca americana | PAP shows high antiviral activity against both plant and animal viruses, mechanism study, viral particles are not attacked directly, the ribosome inactivation is not essential for antiviral effectivity, PAP acts as immunotoxin, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Saponaria officinalis | saporin-S6 shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, saporin can cause apoptosis and acts as immunotoxin, overview | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Phoradendron californicum | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Ricinus communis | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic and causes apoptosis, high doses of ricin are lethal e.g. in rats, ricin enters the targeted cell by endocytosis, is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and retrograde transported to the cytosol, ricin is transported along nerves in rats, ricin A-chain shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, ricin is strongly immunogenic and acts as immunotoxin, overview, ricin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3 | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Abrus precatorius | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, abrin causes apoptosis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Adenia digitata | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of modeccin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Adenia volkensii | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of volkensin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Shigella dysenteriae | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, Shiga toxin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3 | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Viscum album | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, viscumin causes apoptosis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Hordeum vulgare | the enzyme shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, which is increased by association with glucanase and chitinase facilitating the entry of RIP | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Sambucus nigra | the Sambucus nigra agglutinins, including isozyme nigrin B, are non-cytotoxic type 2 RIPs, eventhough they shows high cell entry and enzyme activity rates, due to rapid degradation and excretion from the targeted cells, nigrin b causes gut derangement in mice at high doses | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | Trichosanthes kirilowii | trichosanthin is immunogenic and leads to IgE production in humans, Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers containing trichosanthin causes abortion, overview | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abrus precatorius | - |
- |
- |
| Adenia digitata | - |
- |
- |
| Adenia volkensii | - |
- |
- |
| Hordeum vulgare | - |
- |
- |
| Mirabilis expansa | - |
- |
- |
| Phoradendron californicum | - |
- |
- |
| Phytolacca americana | - |
- |
- |
| Ricinus communis | - |
- |
- |
| Sambucus nigra | - |
several isozymes | - |
| Saponaria officinalis | - |
- |
- |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - |
- |
- |
| Suregada multiflora | - |
- |
- |
| Trichosanthes kirilowii | - |
traditional chinese medicine plant | - |
| Viscum album | - |
- |
- |
| Zea mays | - |
- |
- |
Reaction
| Reaction | Comment | Organism | Reaction ID |
|---|---|---|---|
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Hordeum vulgare | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Zea mays | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Ricinus communis | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Saponaria officinalis | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Shigella dysenteriae | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Phytolacca americana | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Abrus precatorius | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Suregada multiflora | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Sambucus nigra | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Trichosanthes kirilowii | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Viscum album | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Phoradendron californicum | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Adenia volkensii | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Adenia digitata | |
| A4324 in 28S rRNA + H2O = deadenylated 28S rRNA + adenine | catalytic mechanism | Mirabilis expansa |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| leaf | - |
Saponaria officinalis | - |
| root | - |
Saponaria officinalis | - |
| seed | - |
Ricinus communis | - |
| seed | - |
Saponaria officinalis | - |
| seed | - |
Abrus precatorius | - |
| tuberous root | - |
Trichosanthes kirilowii | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Ricinus communis | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Shigella dysenteriae | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Abrus precatorius | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Sambucus nigra | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Viscum album | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Phoradendron californicum | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Adenia volkensii | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | the enzyme highly inhibits protein synthesis by ribosome inactivation via depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Adenia digitata | ? | - |
? | |
| large rRNA + H2O | depurination of rRNA at a specific site | Suregada multiflora | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | gelonin acts as immunotoxin, overview | Suregada multiflora | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | MAP shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes | Mirabilis expansa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | PAP shows high antiviral activity against both plant and animal viruses, mechanism study, viral particles are not attacked directly, the ribosome inactivation is not essential for antiviral effectivity, PAP acts as immunotoxin, overview | Phytolacca americana | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | saporin-S6 shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, saporin can cause apoptosis and acts as immunotoxin, overview | Saponaria officinalis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic | Phoradendron californicum | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic and causes apoptosis, high doses of ricin are lethal e.g. in rats, ricin enters the targeted cell by endocytosis, is cleaved in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi and retrograde transported to the cytosol, ricin is transported along nerves in rats, ricin A-chain shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, ricin is strongly immunogenic and acts as immunotoxin, overview, ricin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3 | Ricinus communis | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, abrin causes apoptosis | Abrus precatorius | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of modeccin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice | Adenia digitata | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, high doses of volkensin are lethal e.g. in rats, retrograde transport of modeccin when injected in the central nervous system of mice | Adenia volkensii | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, Shiga toxin causes disruption of human umbilical endothelial cell DNA before activation of caspase 3 | Shigella dysenteriae | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme inhibits protein synthesis of the targeted cells and is highly cytotoxic, viscumin causes apoptosis | Viscum album | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the enzyme shows antifungal activity and inactivates fungal ribosomes, which is increased by association with glucanase and chitinase facilitating the entry of RIP | Hordeum vulgare | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | the Sambucus nigra agglutinins, including isozyme nigrin B, are non-cytotoxic type 2 RIPs, eventhough they shows high cell entry and enzyme activity rates, due to rapid degradation and excretion from the targeted cells, nigrin b causes gut derangement in mice at high doses | Sambucus nigra | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | trichosanthin is immunogenic and leads to IgE production in humans, Trichosanthes kirilowii root tubers containing trichosanthin causes abortion, overview | Trichosanthes kirilowii | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | PAP does not show rRNA depurination activity | Phytolacca americana | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Ricinus communis |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Shigella dysenteriae |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Abrus precatorius |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Sambucus nigra |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Viscum album |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Phoradendron californicum |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Adenia volkensii |
| dimer | subunit A and subunit B connected by a disulfide bridge | Adenia digitata |
| monomer | subunit A | Saponaria officinalis |
| monomer | subunit A | Phytolacca americana |
| monomer | subunit A | Suregada multiflora |
| monomer | subunit A | Trichosanthes kirilowii |
| monomer | subunit A | Mirabilis expansa |
| More | 2 domains connected by a covalent linker | Hordeum vulgare |
| More | 2 domains connected by a covalent linker | Zea mays |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| abrin | - |
Abrus precatorius |
| B-32 | - |
Zea mays |
| gelonin | - |
Suregada multiflora |
| JIP60 | - |
Hordeum vulgare |
| MAP | - |
Mirabilis expansa |
| modeccin | - |
Adenia digitata |
| nigrin b | - |
Sambucus nigra |
| PAP | - |
Phytolacca americana |
| pokeweed antiviral protein | - |
Phytolacca americana |
| ricin | - |
Ricinus communis |
| Sambucus nigra agglutinin | - |
Sambucus nigra |
| saporin | - |
Saponaria officinalis |
| Shiga toxin | - |
Shigella dysenteriae |
| SNA | - |
Sambucus nigra |
| trichosanthin | - |
Trichosanthes kirilowii |
| type 1 RIP | - |
Saponaria officinalis |
| type 1 RIP | - |
Phytolacca americana |
| type 1 RIP | - |
Suregada multiflora |
| type 1 RIP | - |
Trichosanthes kirilowii |
| type 1 RIP | - |
Mirabilis expansa |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Ricinus communis |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Shigella dysenteriae |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Abrus precatorius |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Sambucus nigra |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Viscum album |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Phoradendron californicum |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Adenia volkensii |
| type 2 RIP | - |
Adenia digitata |
| type 3 RIP | - |
Hordeum vulgare |
| type 3 RIP | - |
Zea mays |
| type I ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Saponaria officinalis |
| type I ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Phytolacca americana |
| type I ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Suregada multiflora |
| type I ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Trichosanthes kirilowii |
| type I ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Mirabilis expansa |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Ricinus communis |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Shigella dysenteriae |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Abrus precatorius |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Sambucus nigra |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Viscum album |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Phoradendron californicum |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Adenia volkensii |
| type II ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Adenia digitata |
| type III ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Hordeum vulgare |
| type III ribosome-inactivating protein | - |
Zea mays |
| viscumin | - |
Viscum album |
| volkensin | - |
Adenia volkensii |
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