Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
A360I | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A360K | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A360V | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A371V | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A376S | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A400T | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A554K | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A554L | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
A554T | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
D67N | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
E312Q | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
E396A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
E399D | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
G333D | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
G333E | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
G335C | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
G335D | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
G359A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
I505A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K219E | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K219N | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K219Q | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K390A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K395A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K476A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K558E | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, associated with an increase in thymidine analogue mutations, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K558G | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, associated with an increase in thymidine analogue mutations, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K558R | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, associated with an increase in thymidine analogue mutations, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K65R | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, arises with abacavir, didanosine, emtricitabine, lamivudine, or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K70R | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, is common to stavudine, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and zidovudine therapy | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
K70R | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
L210W | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-1 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
L469H | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
L469I | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
L469M | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
L469T | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
M184V | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, arises with abacavir, emtricitabine, or lamivudine treatment | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
M41L | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-1 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
N348I | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Q475A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Q509L | mutation in the RNase H domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T215F | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-2 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T215Y | thymidine analogue mutation, TAMs, arising with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, take the TAM-1 pathway | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T369I | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T470E | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T470K | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T470P | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T470S | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation renders the patient more prevalent amongst treatment-experienced patients, treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
T473M | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
V365I | mutation in the connection domain, the mutation significantly contributes to zidovudine resistance | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Y318F | mutation in the connection domain | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Y501A | naturally occuring mutation in HIV infection patients, the mutation increases zidovudine resistance and decreased reverse trancriptase template switching | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Abacavir | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
delaviridine | a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
didanosine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
efavirenz | a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
Emtricitabine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
Etravirine | a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
lamivudine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
additional information | C-terminal domain mutations reduce RNase H activity either directly by affecting the RNase H cleavage activity of the enzyme, or indirectly by affecting the overall positioning of the template/primer strand, which in turn affects RNase H activity, template switching, polymerization and/or nucleotide excision. Effects of enzyme mutations on treatment with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, detailed overview. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are nucleoside analogues that lack the 3' OH on the sugar ring and competitively block reverse transcription by causing chain termination during DNA polymerization. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors are prodrugs that require intracellular phosphorylation to the 5'-triphosphate formed by host cell kinases in order to become active. Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in general are non-competitive inhibitors of RT that bind to a hydrophobic pocket near the polymerase active site, inducing conformational changes that inhibit RT enzymatic activity. Inhibition mechanisms of the two inhibitor classes, overview | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
nevirapine | a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
stavudine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
tenofovir disoproxil | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
zalcitabine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | |
zidovudine | a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 | - |
HIV-1 | - |
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 HXB2 | - |
HIV-1 | - |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
RNase H | - |
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | patients treated with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors develop classical patterns of resistance-associated mutations in the pol domain. Thymidine analogue mutations, TAMs, arise with zidovudine and stavudine treatment, which encompass M41L, D67N, K70R, L210W, T215F/Y, and K219Q/E/N. Different patterns of thymidine analogue mutations accumulate in patients, which segregate into two distinct pathways named TAM-1 and TAM-2. The TAM-1 pathway includes M41L, L210W and T215Y, whereas the TAM-2 pathway includes D67N, K70R, T215F and K219Q/E/N | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |
additional information | RT is a unique viral protein containing two enzymatic properties, i.e. RNase H cleavage activity and RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity | Human immunodeficiency virus 1 |