Literature summary for 3.1.1.73 extracted from

Fazary, A.E.; Ju, Y.H.
Production, partial purification and characterization of feruloyl esterase by Aspergillus awamori in submerged fermentation (2008), Biotechnol. J., 3, 1264-1275.

Application

Application	Comment	Organism
biofuel production	The biorefining of crop components, such as starch, grain fiber, and crop residues to fermentable substrates for the production of high-value products, such as ethanol and butanol, provides a source of renewable energy	Aspergillus awamori
food industry	release of phenolic acids	Aspergillus awamori
paper production	This enzyme reaction is one of the controlling factors for increasing the extent of degradation of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy conversion, and the manufacture of pulp and paper	Aspergillus awamori
pharmacology	release of phenolic acids	Aspergillus awamori

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
extracellular	-	Aspergillus awamori	-	-

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da]	Molecular Weight Maximum [Da]	Comment	Organism
31000	-	SDS-PAGE	Aspergillus awamori

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Aspergillus awamori	-	-	-
Aspergillus awamori IFO 4033	-	-	-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment)	Organism
by centrifugation and dialysis, anion exchange chromatography and ammonium sulfate fractionation, to homogeneity, between 5.7fold and 8.3fold, and with a yield between 30-44% dependent on the carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
ion exchange chromatography and microfiltration to homogeneity, salting-out using ammonium sulfate	Aspergillus awamori

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
culture supernatant	-	Aspergillus awamori	-

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg]	Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg]	Comment	Organism
2.19	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, de-starched corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.191	-	6fold purified enzyme, with de-starched corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.191	-	with de-starched corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.24	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, de-starched wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.241	-	7.7fold purified enzyme, with de-starched wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.241	-	with de-starched wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.26	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, wheat germ as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.262	-	6.5fold purified enzyme, with wheat germ as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.262	-	with wheat germ as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.31	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.319	-	8.3fold purified enzyme, with de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.319	-	with de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.32	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.321	-	6.1fold purified enzyme, with corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.321	-	with corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.35	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.35	-	8.2fold purified enzyme, with wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.35	-	with wheat straw as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.357	-	5.7fold purified enzyme, with de-esterified corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.357	-	with de-esterified corncobs as carbon source, at 30°C, pH 6	Aspergillus awamori
2.36	-	extracted and filtrated fraction, de-esterified corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.52	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-starched wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.56	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, wheat germ as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.71	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
2.82	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
3.1	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
3.33	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-esterified corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
3.57	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
3.85	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
4.15	-	first DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-starched corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
5	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, wheat germ as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
6.92	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-starched wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
8.28	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
8.99	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-starched corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
9.82	-	second DEAE-cellulose fraction, de-esterified corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
13.1	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, de-starched corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
13.32	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, de-esterified corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
14.11	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, corncobs as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
14.77	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, wheat germ as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
15.61	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, de-starched wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
19.31	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, de-esterified wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori
19.31	-	ammonium sulfate fraction, wheat straw as carbon source	Aspergillus awamori

Storage Stability

Storage Stability	Organism
-20°C, 4 months	Aspergillus awamori
at room temperature, after 2 days feruloyl esterases enzyme loses about 15% of its initial activity and only about one third of the initial activity remains at the end of 1 week, on refrigeration, no apparent loss of activity is found up to 4 weeks, but after 4 weeks a marginal decrease in activity (5-10%) is found. The enzyme retains almost its full activity when stored deep frozen (-20°C) for up to 4 months.	Aspergillus awamori

Organism

-20°C, 4 months

Aspergillus awamori

at room temperature, after 2 days feruloyl esterases enzyme loses about 15% of its initial activity and only about one third of the initial activity remains at the end of 1 week, on refrigeration, no apparent loss of activity is found up to 4 weeks, but after 4 weeks a marginal decrease in activity (5-10%) is found. The enzyme retains almost its full activity when stored deep frozen (-20°C) for up to 4 months.

Aspergillus awamori

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
ethyl ferulate + H2O	-	Aspergillus awamori	ferulic acid + ethanol	-	?
ethyl ferulate + H2O	-	Aspergillus awamori IFO 4033	ferulic acid + ethanol	-	?
ethyl ferulate + H2O	-	Aspergillus awamori	ethanol + ferulic acid	-	?
ethyl ferulate + H2O	-	Aspergillus awamori IFO 4033	ethanol + ferulic acid	-	?

Subunits

Subunits	Comment	Organism
?	x * 31000, SDS-PAGE	Aspergillus awamori
monomer	1 * 31000 SDS-PAGE	Aspergillus awamori

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
feruloyl esterase	-	Aspergillus awamori

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	-	-	Aspergillus awamori
55	-	partially purified enzyme, in 0.1 M MOPS buffer, pH 5.5	Aspergillus awamori

Temperature Range [°C]

Temperature Minimum [°C]	Temperature Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
additional information	-	growth and feruloyl esterase production almost completely stopped at higher temperature (45°C)	Aspergillus awamori

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
5.5	-	partially purified enzyme	Aspergillus awamori
6	-	-	Aspergillus awamori

pH Range

pH Minimum	pH Maximum	Comment	Organism
2	9.5	growth and feruloyl esterase production almost completely stopped at pH 10	Aspergillus awamori

pH Stability

pH Stability	pH Stability Maximum	Comment	Organism
4	9	at 25°C	Aspergillus awamori

pI Value

Organism	Comment	pI Value Maximum	pI Value
Aspergillus awamori	isoelectric focusing	-	5.53
Aspergillus awamori	isoelectric focusing (IEF)	-	5.53

Expression

Organism	Comment	Expression
Aspergillus awamori	sodium nitrate is the best nitrogen source. Inorganic nitrogen source yields better feruloyl esterases activity than an organic nitrogen source, such as urea. Moderate to good levels of feruloyl estrerases with ammonium chloride, ammonium citrate, ammonium tartrate and potassium nitrate as nitrogen sources. Optimal conditions for high level of feruloyl esterase production are: culturing temperature 30°C, shaker speed 250 rpm, initial pH 6, with wheat straw, corncobs or wheat germ as carbon source and sodium nitrate or urea as nitrogen source	up