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Literature summary for 3.1.1.64 extracted from
- Identification of the key residues determining the product specificity of isomerohydrolase (2012), Biochemistry, 51, 4217-4225.
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| expression of wild-type enzyme and mutants in HEK-293A cells | Danio rerio |
| recombinant expression in HEK-293A cells | Gallus gallus |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| F103L | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation reverses the enzyme isomerization product specificity from formation of 11-cis-retinol to 13-cis-retinol, product of EC 3.1.1.90. Formation of 95.7% 13-cis-retinol and 4.3% 11-cis-retinol | Danio rerio |
| K222M | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation reverses the enzyme isomerization product specificity from formation of 11-cis-retinol to 13-cis-retinol, product of EC 3.1.1.90. Formation of 55.1% 13-cis-retinol and 44.9% 11-cis-retinol | Danio rerio |
| L133S | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation reverses the enzyme isomerization product specificity from formation of 11-cis-retinol to 13-cis-retinol, product of EC 3.1.1.90. Formation of 71-3% 13-cis-retinol and 28.7% 11-cis-retinol | Danio rerio |
| Y58N | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation completely reverses the enzyme isomerization product specificity from formation of 11-cis-retinol to 13-cis-retinol, product of EC 3.1.1.90. Exclusive formation of 13-cis-retinol | Danio rerio |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | Gallus gallus | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? |  |
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | Danio rerio | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Danio rerio | - |
homologue RPE65c | - |
| Gallus gallus | - |
homologue RPE65 | - |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| epithelium | - |
Gallus gallus | - |
| epithelium | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| additional information | enzyme homologue RPE65c is expressed in retinal Müller cells, not in the retinal pigment epithelium. Zebrafish is a cone-dominant species with 79% cones and 21% rods | Danio rerio | - |
| Mueller cell | - |
Danio rerio | - |
| retina | - |
Gallus gallus | - |
| retina | inner | Danio rerio | - |
| retinal pigment epithelium | - |
Gallus gallus | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester | Gallus gallus | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? | |
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester | Danio rerio | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? | |
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol (72.2%) and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol (27.8%), from all-trans-retinyl ester | Danio rerio | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? | |
| an all-trans-retinyl ester + H2O | the enzyme generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol (87.3%) and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol (12.7%), from all-trans-retinyl ester | Gallus gallus | 11-cis-retinol + a fatty acid | - |
? | |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| isomerohydrolase | - |
Gallus gallus |
| isomerohydrolase | - |
Danio rerio |
| Rpe65 | - |
Gallus gallus |
| Rpe65 | - |
Danio rerio |
| RPE65c | - |
Danio rerio |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| evolution | it is likely that the two novel homologues of RPE65 (13cIMH and RPE65c, EC 3.1.1.90 and EC 3.1.1.64, respectively) are generated through gene duplication after the separation of fish RPE65 from the ancestral RPE65, because they exhibit an extremely high level of sequence identity (97%) and are located in the same chromosome, but on a different chromosome from RPE65 | Danio rerio |
| additional information | key residues determining the isomerization product specificity of the enzyme are Tyr58, Phe103, and Leu133 | Danio rerio |
| physiological function | the efficient recycling of the chromophore of visual pigments, 11-cis-retinal, through the retinoid visual cycle is an essential process for maintaining normal vision. RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in retinal pigment epithelium and generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester | Gallus gallus |
| physiological function | the efficient recycling of the chromophore of visual pigments, 11-cis-retinal, through the retinoid visual cycle is an essential process for maintaining normal vision. RPE65 is the isomerohydrolase in retinal pigment epithelium and generates predominantly 11-cis-retinol and a minor amount of 13-cis-retinol, from all-trans-retinyl ester. Enzyme homologue RPE65c expressed in the inner retina may serve as an alternative isomerohydrolase in the inner retinal visual cycle to meet the high demand for recycling of the chromophore in the cone-dominant retina | Danio rerio |
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