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Literature summary for 3.1.1.3 extracted from
- Adipose triglyceride lipase and the lipolytic catabolism of cellular fat stores (2009), J. Lipid Res., 50, 3-21.
Activating Compound
| Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| CGI-58 | ATGL activity is greatly enhanced by the protein annotated as alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5, ABHD5, or comparative gene identification-58, CGI-58. CGI-58 does not affect HSL enzyme activity | Mus musculus | |
| CGI-58 | ATGL activity is greatly enhanced by the protein annotated as alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 5, ABHD5, or comparative gene identification-58, CGI-58. CGI-58 does not affect HSL enzyme activity | Homo sapiens |
Cloned(Commentary)
| Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
| the Atgl gene Pnpla2 contains nine exons and spans a region of approximately 6 kb on chromosome 7F5 | Mus musculus |
| the HSL gene is located on chromosome 19q13.2. The ATGL gene PNPLA2 span 6.32 kb of genomic DNA, which are located on chromosome 11p15.5 | Homo sapiens |
Protein Variants
| Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| additional information | HSL knockout mice are not overweight or obese. To the contrary, with increased age, they have reduced white adipose tissue weight and are resistant to genetically or diet-induced obesity. HSL-deficient adipocytes respond to beta-adrenergic stimulation and, compared with control mice, exhibit only a moderate decrease in their capacity to release fatty acid. Importantly, HSL deficiency results in diacylglyceride accumulation in several tissues. Phenotypes of ATGL-deficient and HSL-deficient mice, overview | Mus musculus |
| additional information | mutations in ATGL or CGI-58 cause neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy and ichthyosis, respectively, in humans. Phenotypes of ATGL-deficient and HSL-deficient mice, overview | Homo sapiens |
Localization
| Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| cytosol | - |
Mus musculus | 5829 | - |
| cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
| plasma membrane | ATGL in the pigment epithelium | Homo sapiens | 5886 | - |
Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)
| Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | Mus musculus | structure, function, and regulation of ATGL and HSL, overview | ? | - |
? |  |
| additional information | Homo sapiens | structure, function, and regulation of ATGL and HSL, overview | ? | - |
? | |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Homo sapiens | - |
ATGL gene PNPLA2 | - |
| Mus musculus | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| adipose tissue | HSL and ATGL | Mus musculus | - |
| adipose tissue | HSL and ATGL | Homo sapiens | - |
| adrenal gland | HSL | Mus musculus | - |
| adrenal gland | HSL | Homo sapiens | - |
| cardiac muscle | HSL and ATGL | Mus musculus | - |
| cardiac muscle | HSL and ATGL | Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | HSL and ATGL | Mus musculus | - |
| liver | HSL and ATGL | Homo sapiens | - |
| additional information | abundant expression of HSL | Mus musculus | - |
| additional information | abundant expression of HSL | Homo sapiens | - |
| ovary | HSL | Mus musculus | - |
| ovary | HSL | Homo sapiens | - |
| retinal pigment epithelium | ATGL is highly expressed in the pigment epithelium and can be found on the plasma membrane | Mus musculus | - |
| retinal pigment epithelium | ATGL is highly expressed in the pigment epithelium and can be found on the plasma membrane | Homo sapiens | - |
| skeletal muscle | HSL and ATGL | Mus musculus | - |
| skeletal muscle | HSL and ATGL | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| additional information | structure, function, and regulation of ATGL and HSL, overview | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | structure, function, and regulation of ATGL and HSL, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | ATGL binds to the pigment epithelium derived factor | Mus musculus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | ATGL binds to the pigment epithelium derived factor | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| More | comparison of primary structures of the human and murine ATGL, overview | Mus musculus |
| More | comparison of primary structures of the human and murine ATGL, overview | Homo sapiens |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| adipose triglyceride lipase | - |
Mus musculus |
| adipose triglyceride lipase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| ATGL | - |
Mus musculus |
| ATGL | - |
Homo sapiens |
| hormone sensitive lipase | - |
Mus musculus |
| hormone sensitive lipase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| HSL | - |
Mus musculus |
| HSL | - |
Homo sapiens |
| TG hydrolase | - |
Mus musculus |
| TG hydrolase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Expression
| Organism | Comment | Expression |
|---|---|---|
| Mus musculus | low ATGL mRNA levels upon TNFalpha treatment. TNFalpha-mediated inhibition of PPARg reduces ATGL mRNA expression. TNFalpha suppresses the expression of a large number of adipose-specific genes, leading to an adipocyte dedifferentiation process | down |
| Mus musculus | ATGL mRNA concentrations are markedly affected by nutritional status, and increase during fasting and decrease during refeeding | additional information |
General Information
| General Information | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| malfunction | in ATGL or CGI-58 cause neutral lipid storage disease with myopathy and ichthyosis, respectively, in humans | Homo sapiens |
| metabolism | ATGL and HSl in lipolysis, overview | Mus musculus |
| metabolism | ATGL and HSl in lipolysis, overview | Homo sapiens |
| physiological function | mobilization of fatty acids from all fat depots depends on the activity of TG hydrolases. The physiological function of ATGL/CGI-58 is not restricted to adipose tissue but is also crucially important in many nonadipose tissues, detailed overview. ATGL activity may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity in mice and humans | Mus musculus |
| physiological function | mobilization of fatty acids from all fat depots depends on the activity of TG hydrolases. The physiological function of ATGL/CGI-58 is not restricted to adipose tissue but is also crucially important in many nonadipose tissues, detailed overview. ATGL activity may be associated with improved insulin sensitivity in mice and humans | Homo sapiens |
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