Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
4-hydroxybenzoate esters | i.e.parabens, structure-activity relationship, overview | Homo sapiens | |
4-hydroxybenzoic acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
butylparaben | 50% inhibition at 0.021 mM, complete inhibition at 1 mM; strong inhibition, which is threefold higher in vivo than in vitro | Homo sapiens | |
diclofenac | - |
Homo sapiens | |
ethylparaben | 50% inhibition at 0.080 mM | Homo sapiens | |
Mefenamic acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
methylparaben | 50% inhibition at 0.330 mM | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | no inhibition by hydroxybenzoic acid, while butylparaben blocks the skin cytosol sulfation of estradiol and estrone, but not the androgen dehydroepiandrosterone. Structure-activity-relationship of parabens as inhibitors of estrogen sulfation, potency of SULT inhibition increases as the paraben ester chain length increases, overview | Homo sapiens | |
propylparaben | 50% inhibition at 0.030 mM | Homo sapiens | |
salicylic acid | - |
Homo sapiens |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytosol | - |
Homo sapiens | 5829 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dehydroepiandrosterone | Homo sapiens | - |
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dehydroepiandrosterone | Homo sapiens | - |
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + ? | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estradiol | Homo sapiens | - |
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estradiol 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estradiol | Homo sapiens | - |
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estradiol sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estrone | Homo sapiens | - |
adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | chronic topical application of parabens may lead to prolonged estrogenic effects in skin as a result of inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase activity, overview. The skin anti-aging benefits of many topical cosmetics and pharmaceuticals could be derived, in part, from the estrogenicity of parabens | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
epidermis | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
keratinocyte | epidermal | Homo sapiens | - |
liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
NHEK cell | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
skin | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
0.00000000005 | - |
NHEK cell enzyme, cytosol, substrate beta-estradiol | Homo sapiens |
0.0000000001 | - |
skin enzyme, cytosol, substrate estrone | Homo sapiens |
0.0000000008 | - |
skin enzyme, cytosol, substrate dehydroepiandrosterone | Homo sapiens |
0.0000000011 | - |
skin enzyme, cytosol, substrate beta-estradiol | Homo sapiens |
0.0000000185 | - |
liver enzyme, cytosol, substrate beta-estradiol | Homo sapiens |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dehydroepiandrosterone | - |
Homo sapiens | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + dehydroepiandrosterone | - |
Homo sapiens | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + ? | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estradiol | - |
Homo sapiens | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estradiol 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estradiol | - |
Homo sapiens | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estradiol sulfate | - |
? | |
3'-phosphoadenylyl sulfate + estrone | - |
Homo sapiens | adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate + estrone 3-sulfate | - |
? | |
additional information | chronic topical application of parabens may lead to prolonged estrogenic effects in skin as a result of inhibition of estrogen sulfotransferase activity, overview. The skin anti-aging benefits of many topical cosmetics and pharmaceuticals could be derived, in part, from the estrogenicity of parabens | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
estrogen sulfotransferase | - |
Homo sapiens |
SULT | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.4 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
IC50 Value | IC50 Value Maximum | Comment | Organism | Inhibitor | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.012 | - |
pH 7.4, 37°C, inhibition of estradiol sulfation, NHEK cells | Homo sapiens | butylparaben | |
0.021 | - |
pH 7.4, 37°C, inhibition of estradiol sulfation, liver cytosol | Homo sapiens | butylparaben | |
0.037 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | butylparaben | |
0.037 | - |
pH 7.4, 37°C, inhibition of estradiol sulfation, skin cytosol | Homo sapiens | butylparaben | |
0.062 | - |
pH 7.4, 37°C, inhibition of estrone sulfation, skin cytosol | Homo sapiens | butylparaben |