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Literature summary for 2.7.9.4 extracted from

  • Mahlow, S.; Hejazi, M.; Kuhnert, F.; Garz, A.; Brust, H.; Baumann, O.; Fettke, J.
    Phosphorylation of transitory starch by alpha-glucan, water dikinase during starch turnover affects the surface properties and morphology of starch granules (2014), New Phytol., 203, 495-507.
    View publication on PubMed

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene GWD1, construction of transgenic plants expressing the soluble StrepII-tagged mutant enzyme, transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediation method Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information construction of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants, i.e. gwd-c1, gwd-c2, and gwd-c1/gwd-c2 or sex1-8, with reduced or no GWD activity. Absence of GWD results in altered starch granule morphology but no change in the physicochemical properties of starch granules, phenotype, overview. Partially complemented GWD transgenic lines exhibit an intermediate phenotype. Effects of the mutations on starch-related enzymes in the four Arabidopsis lines, overview Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
chloroplast
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 9507
-
starch granule altered GWD expression levels influence the surface properties of starch granules, determination of granule morphologies in different transgenic lines, which affects the starch synthesis by enzyme AtSS1, overview Arabidopsis thaliana
-
-

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
Mg2+ required Arabidopsis thaliana

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
160000
-
recombinant StrepII-tagged enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O Arabidopsis thaliana
-
AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate
-
?
additional information Arabidopsis thaliana the activity of GWD correlates with the amount of accessible glucan chains on the starch granule surface ?
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9SAC6
-
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
ATP + alpha-glucan + H2O
-
Arabidopsis thaliana AMP + phospho-alpha-glucan + phosphate
-
?
additional information the activity of GWD correlates with the amount of accessible glucan chains on the starch granule surface Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
At1g10760 locus name Arabidopsis thaliana
glucan, water dikinase
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
GWD
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.4
-
assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
ATP
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction GWD-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana mutants have a starch excess phenotype (sex1). The internal structure of granules isolated from GWD mutant plants, having reduced or no GWD activity, is unaffected, as thermal stability, allomorph, chain length distribution and density of starch granules are similar to wild-type, but short glucan chain residues located at the granule surface dominate in starches of transgenic plants and impede GWD activity. A similarly reduced rate of phosphorylation by GWD is also observed in potato tuber starch fractions that differ in the proportion of accessible glucan chain residues at the granule surface. A model is proposed to explain the characteristic morphology of starch granules observed in GWD transgenic plants. The model postulates that the occupancy rate of single glucan chains at the granule surface limits accessibility to starch-related enzymes Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism glucan, water dikinase is a key enzyme of starch metabolism Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function phosphorylation of transitory starch by alpha-glucan, water dikinase during starch turnover affects the surface properties and morphology of starch granules Arabidopsis thaliana