Activating Compound | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Epidermal growth factor | induces potent transient activation of the ERK pathway | Rattus norvegicus | |
Insulin | causes weak activation | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | cell-surface receptor density, expression of scaffolding proteins, the surrounding extracellular matrix, and the interplay between kinases and phosphatases modulate the strength and duration of ERK signaling, c-Fos transcription factor can function as a sensor for ERK activation dynamics | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | ERK activation in oocytes can be bistable or irreversible owing to a strong positive feedback loop regulated by the Mos kinase | Xenopus sp. | |
nerve growth factor | alters outcome of ERK signaling | Rattus norvegicus | |
Ras | essential for ERK activation, the three isoforms N-Ras, K-Ras and H-Ras have an important role in spatial and temporal ERK signaling | Rattus norvegicus |
Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
medicine | ERK signaling is involved in cell cycle progression, cellular transformation and differentation. Spatial distribution and temporal qualities of ERK can markedly alter the qualitative and quantitative features of downstream signaling to immediate early genes and the expression of immediate early genes-encoded protein products. Targeting of ERK/DEF domain signaling axis may be beneficial in many cancers | Rattus norvegicus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
MKP1/2 | may dampen ERK activity during the G1/S transition, is involved in reducing strength and duration of ERK signaling | Rattus norvegicus | |
MKP3 | selective for ERK1 and 2 | Rattus norvegicus | |
additional information | genes encoding Sef prevent dissociation of the MEK-ERK complex, thereby inhibiting translocation of ERK to the nucleus, but ERK can still signal to cytoplasmic targets | Rattus norvegicus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
cytoplasm | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5737 | - |
nucleus | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 5634 | - |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Rattus norvegicus | - |
- |
- |
Xenopus sp. | - |
- |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
oocyte | - |
Xenopus sp. | - |
PC-12 cell | activation of ERK signaling precedes differentiation of PC12 pheochromocytoma cells into sympathetic-like neurons | Rattus norvegicus | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ATP + Elk1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphorylated Elk1 | - |
? | |
ATP + JunD | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphorylated JunD | - |
? | |
ATP + MEK | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphorylated MEK | binding to ERK requires docking domain and the kinase interaction motif | ? | |
ATP + RSK | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ADP + phosphorylated RSK | binding to ERK requires docking domain | ? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
ERK | - |
Xenopus sp. |
ERK1 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
ERK2 | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
extracellular signal-regulated kinase | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
extracellular signal-regulated kinase | - |
Xenopus sp. |