Literature summary for 2.5.1.18 extracted from

Shroads, A.L.; Coats, B.S.; Langaee, T.; Shuster, J.J.; Stacpoole, P.W.
Chloral hydrate, through biotransformation to dichloroacetate, inhibits maleylacetoacetate isomerase and tyrosine catabolism in humans (2015), Drug Metab. Pers. Ther., 30, 49-55 .

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Application

Application	Comment	Organism
medicine	dichloroacetate, a degradation product of chloral hydrate, is further metabolized by glutathione transferase zeta 1, and inhibits its own metabolism through depletion/inactivation of GSTZ1/MAAI with repeated exposure, resulting in lower plasma clearance of the drug and the accumulation of the urinary biomarker maleylacetone. The amount of dichloroacetate produced from clinically relevant doses of chloral hydrate, although insufficient to alter dichloroacetate kinetics, is sufficient to inhibit MAAI and tyrosine catabolism	Homo sapiens

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Homo sapiens	O43708	bifunctional enzyme, catalyzes reactions of maleylacetoacetate isomerase, EC 5.2.1.2 and of EC 2.5.1.18	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
dichloroacetate + glutathione	-	Homo sapiens	2-(glutathion-S-yl)-chloroacetate + HCl	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
glutathione transferase zeta 1	-	Homo sapiens
Gstz1	-	Homo sapiens
MAAI	-	Homo sapiens
More	maleylacetoacetate isomerase, EC 5.2.1.2, bifunctional enzyme	Homo sapiens

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)