Literature summary for 2.3.1.B25 extracted from

Andersen-Ranberg, J.; Kongstad, K.T.; Nafisi, M.; Staerk, D.; Okkels, F.T.; Mortensen, U.H.; Lindberg Moeller, B.; Frandsen, R.J.N.; Kannangara, R.
Synthesis of C-glucosylated octaketide anthraquinones in Nicotiana benthamiana by using a multispecies-based biosynthetic pathway (2017), ChemBioChem, 18, 1893-1897 .

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Application

Application	Comment	Organism
synthesis	the enzyme can be used in the production of carminic acid, a C-glucosylated octaketide anthraquinone and the main constituent of the natural dye carmine (E120). Carmine possesses unique coloring, stability, and solubility properties	Aloe arborescens

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
transient functional recombinant expression in Nicotiana benthamiana, coexpression with genes StZhuI and StZhuJ from Streptomyces sp., and DcUGT2 from Dactylopius coccus	Aloe arborescens

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	biosynthesis of the C-glucosylated anthraquinone, dcII, a precursor for carminic acid, using a combination of enzymes derived from Aloe arborescens, Streptomyces sp. R1128, and the insect Dactylopius coccus. The pathway, which consists of AaOKS, StZhuI, StZhuJ, and DcUGT2, presents an alternative biosynthetic approach for the production of polyketides by using a type III polyketide synthase (PKS) and tailoring enzymes originating from a type II PKS system. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana. Method, detailed overview	Aloe arborescens

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
16 malonyl-CoA + 28 H+	Aloe arborescens	-	16 CoA + 2,7-dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one + 2,7-dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one + 16 CO2 + 16 H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Aloe arborescens	Q3L7F5	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
16 malonyl-CoA + 28 H+	-	Aloe arborescens	16 CoA + 2,7-dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl]-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one + 2,7-dihydroxy-5-[(4-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-pyran-6-yl)methyl]-5-methyl-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one + 16 CO2 + 16 H2O	-	?
additional information	enzyme AaOKS, which is related to the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family, catalyzes the formation of a linear octaketide, solely by using malonyl-CoA as a substrate. Aloesone is formed by spontaneous cyclization of a linear heptaketide chain made from seven malonyl-CoA units	Aloe arborescens	?	-	-

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
AaOKS	-	Aloe arborescens
OKS	-	Aloe arborescens

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
physiological function	together with the C-glucosylated aloesone, aloesin, octaketide anthraquinones, such as aloe emodin occur naturally in Aloe arborescens and their in planta formation is thought to involve a ketoreductase or cyclases that utilize linear octaketides as substrates	Aloe arborescens

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)