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Literature summary for 2.1.1.156 extracted from

  • Nyyssola, A.; Reinikainen, T.; Leisola, M.
    Characterization of glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase and sarcosine dimethylglycine N-methyltransferase (2001), Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 67, 2044-2050.
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Activating Compound

Activating Compound Comment Organism Structure
betaine recombinant enzyme: 20% activation at 0.5 M with sarcosine, no activation with glycine Halorhodospira halochloris

Application

Application Comment Organism
agriculture enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris
biotechnology enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris
nutrition enzyme can be used in betaine production for improvement of stress tolerance of commercially important microbes in agriculture and industry, and for nutritial improvement of transgenic crop plants, that do not produce betaine naturally Halorhodospira halochloris

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
functional overexpression in Escherichia coli strain XL-1 Blue conferring betaine accumulation and increased salt tolerance when coexpressed with the sarcosine dimethylglycine methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.157 Halorhodospira halochloris

Inhibitors

Inhibitors Comment Organism Structure
4-chloromercuribenzoate recombinant enzyme: over 95% inhibition at 1.33 mM, completely reversible by 5.3 mM DTT Halorhodospira halochloris
betaine recombinant enzyme: poor inhibition, 60% inhibition at 2 M with glycine, and 70% inhibition at 2 M with sarcosine, synergistic with salts KCl and NaCl, overview Halorhodospira halochloris
KCl/NaCl recombinant enzyme: synergistic with betaine, 80% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66M NaCl with glycine, and 66% inhibition at 0.33 M KCl and 0.66 M NaCl with sarcosine, overview Halorhodospira halochloris
N,N-dimethylglycine recombinant enzyme: poor competitive product inhibition, 50% inhibition at 38 mM with glycine, and at 49 mM with sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine recombinant enzyme: competitive product inhibition, 50% inhibition at 0.5 mM with glycine, and at 0.4 mM with sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.28
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
0.42
-
S-adenosyl-L-methionine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with glycine Halorhodospira halochloris
2.3
-
sarcosine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine Halorhodospira halochloris
18
-
glycine recombinant enzyme, pH 7.4, 37°C, with S-adenosyl-L-methionine Halorhodospira halochloris

Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions Comment Organism Structure
additional information no requirement for Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, Mn2+, Co2+, or Zn2+ Halorhodospira halochloris

Molecular Weight [Da]

Molecular Weight [Da] Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] Comment Organism
31000
-
1 * 42000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 31000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris
40000
-
gel filtration Halorhodospira halochloris
42000
-
1 * 42000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 31000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
additional information Halorhodospira halochloris the enzyme catalyzes the first 2 steps of glycine betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions ?
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine Halorhodospira halochloris
-
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine i.e. 2-methylglycine ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
-
S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Halorhodospira halochloris
-
i.e. Halorhodospira halochloris
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli by ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic and anion exchange chromatography, and ultrafiltration to homogeneity Halorhodospira halochloris

Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]

Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] Comment Organism
additional information
-
-
Halorhodospira halochloris
0.075
-
purified recombinant enzyme, substrate sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris
0.16
-
purified recombinant enzyme, substrate glycine Halorhodospira halochloris

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
additional information the enzyme catalyzes the first 2 steps of glycine betaine synthesis from glycine in a 3-step process, betaine is required for balancing osmotic pressure under high salt living conditions Halorhodospira halochloris ?
-
?
additional information the enzyme shows strict specificity for glycine and sarcosine as substrates, no activity with ethanolamine, monomethylethanolamine, nor several L-amino acid, overview Halorhodospira halochloris ?
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine
-
Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine i.e. 2-methylglycine ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + glycine the recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli is 3.3fold less active than the wild-type enzyme Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + sarcosine i.e. 2-methylglycine ?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine
-
Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
?
S-adenosyl-L-methionine + sarcosine the recombinant enzyme from Escherichia coli is 2.5fold less active than the wild-type enzyme Halorhodospira halochloris S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + N,N-dimethylglycine
-
?

Subunits

Subunits Comment Organism
monomer 1 * 42000, recombinant enzyme, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 31000, about, amino acid sequence calculation Halorhodospira halochloris

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
glycine sarcosine N-methyltransferase
-
Halorhodospira halochloris
GSMT
-
Halorhodospira halochloris

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
assay at Halorhodospira halochloris

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7.4
-
recombinant enzyme, with substrate glycine Halorhodospira halochloris
7.9
-
recombinant enzyme, with substrate sarcosine Halorhodospira halochloris