Literature summary for 1.8.4.11 extracted from

Moskovitz, J.
Roles of methionine suldfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation and survival (2005), Curr. Pharm. Des., 11, 1451-1457.

Activating Compound

Activating Compound	Comment	Organism
additional information	chronic dietary intake of soybean protein induces the expression of MsrA	Sus scrofa
additional information	starvation induces the expression of MsrA	Escherichia coli
additional information	the antibiotic oxacillin induces MsrA expression	Staphylococcus aureus
additional information	the calcium phospholipid-binding protein, CPBP, is an analogue of the elongation factor 1-gamma and regulates MsrA expression by binding to the MsrA promoter, starvation induces MsrA expression, also diamide treatment and gamma-irradiation induce the enzyme	Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	bacterial cells lacking MsrA show increased sensitivity to oxidative damage, a shortened lifespan under hyperoxic conditions, and methionine-(R)-S-oxide accumulation	Staphylococcus aureus
additional information	bacterial cells lacking MsrA show increased sensitivity to oxidative damage, a shortened lifespan under hyperoxic conditions, and methionine-(R)-S-oxide accumulation	Escherichia coli
additional information	msrA gene disruption leads to a shortened life span both under normoxic and hyperoxic conditions, MsrA null mutant mice shows greater sensitivity to hyperoxic conditions compared to wild-type mice, construction of MsrA overexpressing strains, phenotypes, overview	Mus musculus
additional information	yeast cells lacking MsrA show increased sensitivity to oxidative damage, a shortened lifespan under hyperoxic conditions, and methionine-(S)-S-oxide accumulation	Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Staphylococcus aureus	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Mus musculus	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Escherichia coli	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Sus scrofa	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Arabidopsis thaliana	-	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	substrates are HIV-2, which is inactivated by oxidation of its methionine residues M76 and M95, the potassium channel of the brain, the inhibitor IkappaB-alpha, or calmodulin, overview	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
additional information	Sus scrofa	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway	?	-	?
additional information	Staphylococcus aureus	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Mus musculus	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Escherichia coli	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Homo sapiens	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Arabidopsis thaliana	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	?	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Staphylococcus aureus	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Mus musculus	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Escherichia coli	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Sus scrofa	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	Arabidopsis thaliana	substrate in vivo is e.g. the small heat shock protein Hsp-21 which loses its chaperone-like activity upon methionine oxidation	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana	-	-	-
Escherichia coli	-	-	-
Homo sapiens	-	-	-
Mus musculus	-	-	-
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	-	-	-
Staphylococcus aureus	-	-	-
Sus scrofa	-	-	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
brain	-	Mus musculus	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Staphylococcus aureus	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Mus musculus	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Escherichia coli	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Sus scrofa	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Arabidopsis thaliana	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Staphylococcus aureus	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Mus musculus	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Escherichia coli	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Homo sapiens	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Sus scrofa	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Arabidopsis thaliana	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	substrates are HIV-2, which is inactivated by oxidation of its methionine residues M76 and M95, the potassium channel of the brain, the inhibitor IkappaB-alpha, or calmodulin, overview	Homo sapiens	L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Sus scrofa	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Staphylococcus aureus	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Mus musculus	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Escherichia coli	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Homo sapiens	?	-	?
additional information	roles of methionine sulfoxide reductases in antioxidant defense, protein regulation via alternating it between active and inactive form, and survival, MsrA protects cells from the cytotoxic effects of reactive oxygen species, ROS, overview, the enzyme is involved in age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's diseases as well as in diseases caused by prions, mechanism, overview, enzyme involvement in protein repair and associated factors, protein regulation pathway, overview	Arabidopsis thaliana	?	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Staphylococcus aureus	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Mus musculus	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Escherichia coli	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Homo sapiens	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Sus scrofa	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	stereospecific reduction	Arabidopsis thaliana	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?
peptide-L-methionine-(S)-S-oxide + thioredoxin	substrate in vivo is e.g. the small heat shock protein Hsp-21 which loses its chaperone-like activity upon methionine oxidation	Arabidopsis thaliana	peptide-L-methionine + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Staphylococcus aureus
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Mus musculus
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Escherichia coli
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Homo sapiens
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Sus scrofa
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae
methionine sulfoxide reductase A	-	Arabidopsis thaliana
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Staphylococcus aureus
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Mus musculus
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Escherichia coli
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Homo sapiens
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Sus scrofa
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Saccharomyces cerevisiae
More	the enzyme belongs to the Msr family of enzymes	Arabidopsis thaliana
MsrA	-	Staphylococcus aureus
MsrA	-	Mus musculus
MsrA	-	Escherichia coli
MsrA	-	Homo sapiens
MsrA	-	Sus scrofa
MsrA	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae
MsrA	-	Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism
thioredoxin	-	Staphylococcus aureus
thioredoxin	-	Mus musculus
thioredoxin	-	Escherichia coli
thioredoxin	-	Homo sapiens
thioredoxin	-	Sus scrofa
thioredoxin	-	Saccharomyces cerevisiae
thioredoxin	-	Arabidopsis thaliana