Crystallization (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
purified recombinant wild-type TS-DHFR enzyme and truncated TS-DHFR mutant lacking the surface loops, complexed with dUMP and NADPH, as well as with inhibitors methotrexate and N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate, 10 mg/ml protein with 10 mM of each ligand is mixed with mixed with 18% PEG 3350, 0.1 M potassium formate in a 1:1 ratio, 4-6 days, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 3.7 A and 2.2 A resolution, respectively | Toxoplasma gondii |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | a helix deletion reduces the DHFR catalytic efficiency by 30fold | Toxoplasma gondii |
P292A | site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation, reduces the DHFR catalytic efficiency by 7fold | Toxoplasma gondii |
W296A | site-directed mutagenesis, reduces the DHFR catalytic efficiency by 100fold | Toxoplasma gondii |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
(2S)-2-[(4-([(2,4-diaminopteridin-6-yl)methyl](methyl)amino)phenyl)formamido]pentanedioic acid | i.e, methotrexate, A DHFR inhibitor, binds at the DHFR active site | Toxoplasma gondii | |
N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolate | PDDF, a TS folate inhibitor, binds at the TS active site | Toxoplasma gondii |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | single turnover, stopped-flow, and steady-state kinetics | Toxoplasma gondii |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+ | Toxoplasma gondii | - |
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ | - |
r |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Toxoplasma gondii | Q07422 | - |
- |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
7,8-dihydrofolate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Toxoplasma gondii | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
additional information | molecular mechanism of the distinct differences in substrate channeling behavior between Toxoplasma gondii TS-DHFR and Cryptosporidium hominis TS-DHFR, overview | Toxoplasma gondii | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
More | three-dimensional structures of Toxoplasma gondii enzyme TS-DHFR at 3.7 A and of a loop truncated TS-DHFR enzyme, removing several flexible surface loops in the DHFR domain, improving resolution to 2.2 A. The TS-DHFR homodimer includes a junctional region containing a linked crossover helix between the DHFR domains of the two adjacent monomers, a long linker connecting the TS and DHFR domains, and a DHFR domain that is positively charged, importance of this region not only in DHFR catalysis but also in modulating the distal TS activity suggests a role for TS-DHFR interdomain interactions. The interactions between the TS and the DHFR domains within the same monomer are comprised of both electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions that are predominately hydrophobic, these include hydrophobic contacts between F231, F319, and M297 as well as P242, I573, and V596 | Toxoplasma gondii |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
bifunctional TS-DHFR | - |
Toxoplasma gondii |
thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase | - |
Toxoplasma gondii |
TS-DHFR | - |
Toxoplasma gondii |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
7.8 | - |
assay at | Toxoplasma gondii |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADP+ | - |
Toxoplasma gondii | |
NADPH | binding structure analysis, residues interacting with the substrate NADPH include the conserved residues A10, I17, R81, T83, S103, and G153 and the nonconserved residue A154 | Toxoplasma gondii |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | DHFR domain structure analysis, the domain consists of 252 residues from the N-terminus to the start of the junctional region, overview | Toxoplasma gondii |
physiological function | several parasitic protozoa, including Toxoplasma gondii, contain a unique bifunctional thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) having the catalytic activities contained on a single polypeptide chain in contrast to the human enzyme. Three-dimensional structures of Toxoplasma gondii enzyme TS-DHFR and of a loop truncated TS-DHFR enzyme, removing several flexible surface loops in the DHFR domain, shows that the TS-DHFR homodimer includes a junctional region containing a linked crossover helix between the DHFR domains of the two adjacent monomers, a long linker connecting the TS and DHFR domains, and a DHFR domain that is positively charged. The crystal structure suggests that the positively charged DHFR domain governs this electrostatically mediated movement of dihydrofolate, preventing release from the enzyme. Importance of this region not only in DHFR catalysis but also in modulating the distal TS activity suggests a role for TS-DHFR interdomain interactions | Toxoplasma gondii |