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Literature summary for 1.2.1.44 extracted from

  • Liu, S.; Qi, Q.; Chao, N.; Hou, J.; Rao, G.; Xie, J.; Lu, H.; Jiang, X.; Gai, Y.
    Overexpression of artificially fused bifunctional enzyme 4CL1-CCR a method for production of secreted 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes in Escherichia coli (2015), Microb. Cell Fact., 14, 118 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
gene CCR, recombinant overexpression of chimeric 4CL1-CCR in Escherichia coli strain M15 supplemented with phenylpropanoic acids. Three 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes, p-coumaraldehyde, caffealdehyde and coniferaldehyde, are thereby biosynthesized and secreted into the culture medium, identification of phenylpropanoic acids and 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes by HPLC–PDA–ESI–MSn Populus tomentosa

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) and cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase (CCR) are fused by means of genetic engineering to generate an artificial bifunctional enzyme. Chimeric 4CL1-CCR is overexpressed in Escherichia coli supplemented with phenylpropanoic acids. Three 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes, p-coumaraldehyde, caffealdehyde and coniferaldehyde, are thereby biosynthesized and secreted into the culture medium. Extracellular hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters are not detected, hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters accumulate only in the cell, because they cannot freely pass through the cellular membrane. The fusion enzyme 4CL1-CCR can catalyze sequential multistep reactions, thereby avoiding the permeability problem of intermediates, which reveals its superiority over a mixture of individual native enzymes. The bifunctional enzyme 4CL1-CCR plays a central role in cellular metabolism by converting phenylpropanoic acids to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes Populus tomentosa

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Populus tomentosa
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4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Populus tomentosa
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caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ Populus tomentosa
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coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
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?
additional information Populus tomentosa CCR converts hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes in the presence of NADPH ?
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?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Populus tomentosa B3VKV0
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-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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Populus tomentosa 4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
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?
4-coumaroyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme Populus tomentosa 4-coumaraldehyde + CoA + NADP+
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?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
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Populus tomentosa caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
?
caffeoyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme Populus tomentosa caffealdehyde + CoA + NADP+
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?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
Populus tomentosa coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
?
feruloyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme Populus tomentosa coniferaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
?
additional information CCR converts hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA thioesters to their corresponding cinnamaldehydes in the presence of NADPH Populus tomentosa ?
-
?
additional information no activity with sinapoyl-CoA by chimeric 4CL1-CCR fusion enzyme Populus tomentosa ?
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?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
CCR
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Populus tomentosa
cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase
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Populus tomentosa

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Populus tomentosa

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
metabolism the formation of 4-hydroxycinnamaldehydes is catalyzed by 4-coumaric acid:coenzyme A ligase (4CL1) and cinnamoyl coenzyme A reductase (CCR). 4-Hydroxycinnamaldehydes are a class of natural plant secondary products that includes coniferaldehyde, sinapaldehyde, 4-coumaraldehyde and caffealdehyde. They are involved in several secondary metabolism pathways, such as those involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids, monolignols, flavonoids and terpenoids. 4-Hydroxycinnamaldehydes are also key intermediates in the biosynthesis and degradation of lignins, which protect cell wall polysaccharides from microbial degradation Populus tomentosa