Literature summary for 1.17.1.4 extracted from

Schopfer, L.M.; Massey, V.; Nishino, T.
Rapid reaction studies on the reduction and oxidation of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase by the xanthine/urate and NAD/NADH couples (1988), J. Biol. Chem., 263, 13528-13538.

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Metals/Ions

Metals/Ions	Comment	Organism	Structure
Iron-sulfur-center	-	Gallus gallus
molybdenum-center	urate, xanthine and 8-bromoxanthine interact with the molybdenum-site of fully reduced xanthine oxidase	Gallus gallus

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O	Gallus gallus	xanthine dehydrogenase can be partially reduced in a triphasic reaction by either xanthine or NADH, oxidation of fully, 6-electron-reduced xanthine dehydrogenase by either urate or NAD+ is monophasic and depends on the oxidant concentration	urate + NADH	NADH-binding to the 2-electron reduced enzyme is implicated in fixing end-point position in reactions involving pyridine nucleotides, urate-binding is involved in fixing end-point reactions involving xanthine and urate	r

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Gallus gallus	-	chicken	-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue	Comment	Organism	Textmining
liver	-	Gallus gallus	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O	xanthine dehydrogenase can be partially reduced in a triphasic reaction by either xanthine or NADH, oxidation of fully, 6-electron-reduced xanthine dehydrogenase by either urate or NAD+ is monophasic and depends on the oxidant concentration	Gallus gallus	urate + NADH	NADH-binding to the 2-electron reduced enzyme is implicated in fixing end-point position in reactions involving pyridine nucleotides, urate-binding is involved in fixing end-point reactions involving xanthine and urate	r

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
FAD	generally viewed as the site at which NADH reacts	Gallus gallus
NAD+	-	Gallus gallus
NADH	-	Gallus gallus

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)