Literature summary for 1.14.19.3 extracted from

Shi, H.; Chen, H.; Gu, Z.; Song, Y.; Zhang, H.; Chen, W.; Chen, Y.Q.
Molecular mechanism of substrate specificity for delta 6 desaturase from Mortierella alpina and Micromonas pusilla (2015), J. Lipid Res., 56, 2309-2321 .

Search for more literature for 1.14.19.3

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
gene FADS6, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc1, subcloning in Escherichia coli Top 10 cells	Mortierella alpina
gene FADS6, sequence comparisons, recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain INVSc1, subcloning in Escherichia coli Top 10 cells	Micromonas pusilla

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
E222S	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant's relative conversion rate of alpha-linolenoyl-CoA is reduced by almost 50% compared to the wild-type enzyme	Micromonas pusilla
G194L	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant's relative conversion rate of alpha-linolenoyl-CoA is significantly reduced to 6.50% compared to the wild-type enzyme	Micromonas pusilla
M227K	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant's relative conversion rate of alpha-linolenoyl-CoA is reduced by almost 50% compared to the wild-type enzyme	Micromonas pusilla
additional information	construction of chimeric mutant genes from MaFADS6 and MpFADS6 genes, the former from Mortierella alpina strain ATCC 32222, overview. The relative conversion rate for linoleoyl-CoA remains low in all mutants compared to the wild-type enzyme	Micromonas pusilla
additional information	construction of chimeric mutant genes from MaFADS6 and MpFADS6 genes, the latter from Micromonas pusilla strain CCMP1545, overview. The relative conversion rate for linoleoyl-CoA remains low in all mutants compared to the wild-type enzyme	Mortierella alpina
Q209G	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not lead to major changes in substrate preference	Micromonas pusilla
S197Q	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not lead to major changes in substrate preference	Micromonas pusilla
V189L/Q190A	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not lead to major changes in substrate preference	Micromonas pusilla
V399I/I400E	site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant's relative conversion rate of alpha-linolenoyl-CoA is reduced by almost 50% compared to the wild-type enzyme	Micromonas pusilla

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
membrane	prediction of transmembrane helices and topology for Ma-FADS6	Mortierella alpina	16020	-
membrane	prediction of transmembrane helices and topology for MpFADS6	Micromonas pusilla	16020	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Mortierella alpina	-	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Micromonas pusilla	-	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	-	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	-	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Mortierella alpina	-	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Micromonas pusilla	-	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	-	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	-	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
additional information	Mortierella alpina	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Micromonas pusilla	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	?	-	?
additional information	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	?	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Micromonas pusilla	A0A172SZR2	-	-
Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	A0A172SZR2	-	-
Mortierella alpina	Q70BL2	-	-
Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	Q70BL2	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Mortierella alpina	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Micromonas pusilla	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	preferred substrate	Micromonas pusilla	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
alpha-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	preferred substrate	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	stearidonoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Mortierella alpina	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Micromonas pusilla	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	preferred substrate	Mortierella alpina	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	preferred substrate	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
linoleoyl-CoA + 2 ferrocytochrome b5 + O2 + 2 H+	-	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	gamma-linolenoyl-CoA + 2 ferricytochrome b5 + 2 H2O	-	?
additional information	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	Mortierella alpina	?	-	?
additional information	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	Micromonas pusilla	?	-	?
additional information	the enzyme MaFADS6-I shows a substrate preference for linoleoyl-CoA, sequences between the histidine boxes I and II plays a pivotal role in substrate preference, mutational analysis, substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview. When a single substrate is added, linoleoyl-CoA and alpha-linolenoyl-CoA are catalyzed by MaFADS6 with conversion rates of 45.6% and 19.6%, respectively. When linoleoyl-CoA and alpha-linolenoyl-CoA are added at the same time, the linoleoyl-CoA conversion rate reaches 58.4%, but alpha-linolenoyl-CoA conversion decreases to 2.0%	Mortierella alpina	?	-	?
additional information	the enzyme MpFADS6 shows a substrate preference for alpha-linolenoyl-CoA, sequences between the histidine boxes I and II plays a pivotal role in substrate preference, mutational analysis, substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview. MpFADS6 has a preference for the alpha-linolenoyl-CoA substrate with a 66.5% conversion rate	Micromonas pusilla	?	-	?
additional information	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	?	-	?
additional information	the enzyme MaFADS6-I shows a substrate preference for linoleoyl-CoA, sequences between the histidine boxes I and II plays a pivotal role in substrate preference, mutational analysis, substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview. When a single substrate is added, linoleoyl-CoA and alpha-linolenoyl-CoA are catalyzed by MaFADS6 with conversion rates of 45.6% and 19.6%, respectively. When linoleoyl-CoA and alpha-linolenoyl-CoA are added at the same time, the linoleoyl-CoA conversion rate reaches 58.4%, but alpha-linolenoyl-CoA conversion decreases to 2.0%	Mortierella alpina ATCC 32222	?	-	?
additional information	delta 6 desaturase (FADS6) is a key bifunctional enzyme desaturating linoleic acid or alpha-linolenic acid, analysis of the molecular mechanism of substrate specificity, overview	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	?	-	?
additional information	the enzyme MpFADS6 shows a substrate preference for alpha-linolenoyl-CoA, sequences between the histidine boxes I and II plays a pivotal role in substrate preference, mutational analysis, substrate specificities of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview. MpFADS6 has a preference for the alpha-linolenoyl-CoA substrate with a 66.5% conversion rate	Micromonas pusilla CCMP 1545	?	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
acyl-CoA desaturase	ambiguous	Mortierella alpina
acyl-CoA desaturase	ambiguious	Micromonas pusilla
delta 6 desaturase	-	Mortierella alpina
delta 6 desaturase	-	Micromonas pusilla
delta61	-	Mortierella alpina
FADS6	-	Mortierella alpina
FADS6	-	Micromonas pusilla
MaFADS6-I	-	Mortierella alpina
MpFADS6	-	Micromonas pusilla

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
28	-	in vivo assay at	Mortierella alpina
28	-	in vivo assay at	Micromonas pusilla

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
cytochrome b5	a cytochrome b5-like domain, HPGG, is located near the N terminus, which is required as an electron donor for fatty acid desaturation	Mortierella alpina
cytochrome b5	a cytochrome b5-like domain, HPGG, is located near the N terminus, which is required as an electron donor for fatty acid desaturation	Micromonas pusilla

General Information

General Information	Comment	Organism
metabolism	the enzyme is involved in the aerobic very long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathways, overview	Mortierella alpina
metabolism	the enzyme is involved in the aerobic very long chain-polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthetic pathways, overview	Micromonas pusilla
physiological function	microbial species have different propensity for accumulating omega6- or omega3-series polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be determined by the substrate preference of FADS6 enzyme, molecular mechanism of FADS6 substrate specificity, overview. Micromonas pusilla strain CCMP1545 synthesizes high levels of eicosapentaenoic acid	Micromonas pusilla
physiological function	microbial species have different propensity for accumulating omega6- or omega3-series polyunsaturated fatty acids, which may be determined by the substrate preference of FADS6 enzyme, molecular mechanism of FADS6 substrate specificity, overview. Mortierella alpina strain ATCC 32222 synthesizes high levels of arachidonic acid	Mortierella alpina