Cloned (Comment) | Organism |
---|---|
genes lut1 and lut5, real-time PCR expression analysis | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | construction of the triple chy1chy2lut5 mutant, which is almost completely depleted in beta-xanthophylls. Quadruple chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant, additionally carrying the lut2 mutation (affecting lycopene epsilon-cyclase) lacks lutein and shows a compensatory increase in beta-xanthophylls with respect to chy1chy2lut5 mutant. Leaf carotenoid contents of wild-type and mutant enzymes, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
Fe2+ | a heme-containing cytochrome P450 enzyme | Arabidopsis thaliana |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? | |
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2 | Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O | - |
? | |
additional information | Arabidopsis thaliana | LUT1/CYP97C1 protein reveals a major beta-carotene hydroxylase activity in vivo when depleted in its preferred substrate alpha-carotene | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q6TBX7 | gene lut1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | Q93VK5 | gene lut5 | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
leaf | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
alpha-carotene + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | lutein + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O | - |
? | |
beta-carotene + reduced cytochrome P-450 + O2 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | zeaxanthin + oxidized cytochrome P-450 + H2O | - |
? | |
additional information | LUT1/CYP97C1 protein reveals a major beta-carotene hydroxylase activity in vivo when depleted in its preferred substrate alpha-carotene | Arabidopsis thaliana | ? | - |
? |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
CYP97a3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
CYP97C1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
LUT1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
LUT1/CYP97C1 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
LUT5 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
LUT5/CYP97A3 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
cytochrome P450 | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana | |
heme | - |
Arabidopsis thaliana |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | quadruple chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant lacks lutein and shows a compensatory increase in beta-xanthophylls with respect to the chy1chy2lut5 mutant. Chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant plants show an even stronger photosensitivity than mutant chy1chy2lut5, a complete lack of qE, the rapidly reversible component of non-photochemical quenching, and a peculiar organization of the pigment binding complexes into thylakoids. The chy1chy2lut2lut5 mutant is depleted in Lhcb subunits and is specifically affected in Photosystem I function, showing a deficiency in PSI-LHCI supercomplexes, phenotype, overview | Arabidopsis thaliana |
metabolism | the first step in xanthophyll biosynthesis from alpha- and beta-carotene is the hydroxylation of epsilon- and beta-rings, performed by both non-heme iron oxygenases CHY1 and CHY2, and by P450 cytochromes, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3. CHY1, CHY2, LUT1/CYP97C1 and LUT5/CYP97A3 are the complete complement of carotene hydroxylases in Arabidopsis thaliana | Arabidopsis thaliana |
physiological function | the enzyme is involved in xanthophyll biosynthesis, correlation between xanthophyll levels and the PSI-PSII ratio, xanthophylls are needed for normal level of Photosystem I and LHCII accumulation | Arabidopsis thaliana |