Literature summary for 1.14.14.120 extracted from

Zhao, F.; Bai, P.; Liu, T.; Li, D.; Zhang, X.; Lu, W.; Yuan, Y.
Optimization of a cytochrome P450 oxidation system for enhancing protopanaxadiol production in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2016), Biotechnol. Bioeng., 113, 1787-1795 .

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Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment)	Organism
recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant fusion proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain W303-1a. coexpression of wild-type enzyme with dammarenediol-II synthase from Panax ginseng and a Arabidopsis thaliana NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (ATR1). The low metabolic flux through PPDS results in a low productivity of protopanaxadiol, but is increased with the fusion enzymes	Panax ginseng

Protein Variants

Protein Variants	Comment	Organism
additional information	to increase the low metabolic flux through PPDS and increase the productivity of protopanaxadiol production, enzyme PPDS is modified through transmembrane domain truncation and construction of self-sufficient PPDS-ATR1 fusion proteins. The fusion enzymes exhibit approximately 4.5fold increase in catalytic activity and 71.1% increase in protopanaxadiol production compared with PPDS and ATR1 co-expression. The engineered yeast carrying fusion protein effectively converts 96.8% of dammarenediol-II into protopanaxadiol, bioreactor in fed-batch fermentation. Construction of four fusion proteins named as PPDS-linker1-46tATR1, PPDSlinker2-46tATR1, PPDS-linker3-46tATR1, and PPDS-nolinker-46tATR1, respectively. In addition, 31tPPDS heme domain and 46tATR1 reductase domain are linked by polypeptide GSTSSGSG. Method optimization, overview. Evaluation of the oxidative stress in yeast cells induced by co-expression of PPDS and ATR1	Panax ginseng

Localization

Localization	Comment	Organism	GeneOntology No.	Textmining
endoplasmic reticulum membrane	the enzyme contains a transmembrane domain	Panax ginseng	5789	-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates	Organism	Comment (Nat. Sub.)	Natural Products	Comment (Nat. Pro.)	Rev.	Reac.
dammarenediol-II + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2	Panax ginseng	-	protopanaxadiol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Organism

Organism	UniProt	Comment	Textmining
Panax ginseng	H2DH16	-	-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates	Comment Substrates	Organism	Products	Comment (Products)	Rev.	Reac.
dammarenediol-II + [reduced NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + O2	-	Panax ginseng	protopanaxadiol + [oxidized NADPH-hemoprotein reductase] + H2O	-	?

Synonyms

Synonyms	Comment	Organism
cytochrome P450-type protopanaxadiol synthase	-	Panax ginseng
PPDS	-	Panax ginseng

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C]	Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C]	Comment	Organism
30	-	assay at	Panax ginseng

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum	pH Optimum Maximum	Comment	Organism
7.4	-	assay at	Panax ginseng

Cofactor

Cofactor	Comment	Organism	Structure
cytochrome P450	-	Panax ginseng
NADPH-hemoprotein reductase	A flavoprotein containing both FMN and FAD. This enzyme catalyses the transfer of electrons from NADPH, an obligatory two-electron donor, to microsomal P-450 monooxygenases, EC 1.14.14._	Panax ginseng

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Release 2023.1 (January 2023)