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Literature summary for 1.14.13.9 extracted from

  • Sathyasaikumar, K.V.; Perez de la Cruz, V.; Pineda, B.; Vazquez Cervantes, G.I.; Ramirez Ortega, D.; Donley, D.W.; Severson, P.L.; West, B.L.; Giorgini, F.; Fox, J.H.; Schwarcz, R.
    Cellular localization of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase in the brain challenging the dogma (2022), Antioxidants (Basel), 11, 0000 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC
Search for more literature for 1.14.13.9

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information analysis of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in the brain after depleting microglial cells pharmacologically with the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622. Young adult mice are fed PLX5622 for 21 days and are euthanized either on the next day or after receiving normal chow for an additional21 days. Expression of microglial marker genes is dramatically reduced on day 22 but has fully recovered by day 43. In both groups, PLX5622 treatment fails to affect Kmo expression, KMO activity or tissue levels of 3-HK and KYNA in the brain. In a parallel experiment, PLX5622 treatment also does not reduce KMO activity, 3-HK and KYNA in the brain of R6/2 mice (a model of HD with activated microglia). With freshly isolated mouse cells ex vivo, KMO is found only in microglia and neurons but not in astrocytes. Neurons contain a large proportion of functional KMO in the adult mouse brain under both physiological and pathological conditions Mus musculus

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
mitochondrial membrane
-
 Homo sapiens 31966
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 Mus musculus
-
 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 Homo sapiens
-
 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Homo sapiens A0A024R3S9
-
-
Mus musculus Q91WN4 strains R6/2, C57BL/6J, and B6/CBA
-

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
brain
-
 Homo sapiens
-
brain analysis of the cellular localization of KMO in the mouse brain Mus musculus
-
central nervous system
-
 Mus musculus
-
central nervous system
-
 Homo sapiens
-
macrophage
-
 Homo sapiens
-
microglia
-
 Mus musculus
-
microglia
-
 Homo sapiens
-
monocyte
-
 Homo sapiens
-
additional information an NADPH-dependent enzyme located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and linked to mitochondrial function, KMO is widely expressed in peripheral tissues, macrophages and monocytes Homo sapiens
-
additional information KMO is found only in microglia and neurons but not in astrocytes. Enzyme expression analysis and immunohistochemic analysis in different brain tissues, overview Mus musculus
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neuron
-
 Mus musculus
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neuron adult and fetal Homo sapiens
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2
-
 Mus musculus 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2
-
 Homo sapiens 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O
-
 ?
additional information a coupled assay with glucose 6-phosphate and GAPDH is used Mus musculus ?
-
-

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
KMO
-
 Mus musculus
KMO
-
 Homo sapiens
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
-
 Mus musculus
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase
-
 Homo sapiens

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
37
-
 assay at Mus musculus

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
8.1
-
 assay at Mus musculus

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
FAD
-
 Mus musculus
FAD
-
 Homo sapiens
NADPH
-
 Mus musculus
NADPH
-
 Homo sapiens

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
malfunction Neurons contain a large proportion of functional KMO in the adult mouse brain under both physiological and pathological conditions. Both KMO expression and function have been reported to be upregulated in neurons in a mouse model of neuropathic pain Mus musculus
metabolism kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms Mus musculus
metabolism kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms Homo sapiens
physiological function kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key player in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, regulates the synthesis of the neuroactive metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) Mus musculus
physiological function kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key player in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, regulates the synthesis of the neuroactive metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and kynurenic acid (KYNA). KMO activity is implicated in several major brain diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) and schizophrenia in humans Homo sapiens