Protein Variants | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
additional information | analysis of kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in the brain after depleting microglial cells pharmacologically with the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor PLX5622. Young adult mice are fed PLX5622 for 21 days and are euthanized either on the next day or after receiving normal chow for an additional21 days. Expression of microglial marker genes is dramatically reduced on day 22 but has fully recovered by day 43. In both groups, PLX5622 treatment fails to affect Kmo expression, KMO activity or tissue levels of 3-HK and KYNA in the brain. In a parallel experiment, PLX5622 treatment also does not reduce KMO activity, 3-HK and KYNA in the brain of R6/2 mice (a model of HD with activated microglia). With freshly isolated mouse cells ex vivo, KMO is found only in microglia and neurons but not in astrocytes. Neurons contain a large proportion of functional KMO in the adult mouse brain under both physiological and pathological conditions | Mus musculus |
Localization | Comment | Organism | GeneOntology No. | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|---|
mitochondrial membrane | - |
Homo sapiens | 31966 | - |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | Mus musculus | - |
3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | Homo sapiens | - |
3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Homo sapiens | A0A024R3S9 | - |
- |
Mus musculus | Q91WN4 | strains R6/2, C57BL/6J, and B6/CBA | - |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
brain | analysis of the cellular localization of KMO in the mouse brain | Mus musculus | - |
central nervous system | - |
Mus musculus | - |
central nervous system | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
macrophage | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
microglia | - |
Mus musculus | - |
microglia | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
monocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | an NADPH-dependent enzyme located in the outer mitochondrial membrane and linked to mitochondrial function, KMO is widely expressed in peripheral tissues, macrophages and monocytes | Homo sapiens | - |
additional information | KMO is found only in microglia and neurons but not in astrocytes. Enzyme expression analysis and immunohistochemic analysis in different brain tissues, overview | Mus musculus | - |
neuron | - |
Mus musculus | - |
neuron | adult and fetal | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | - |
Mus musculus | 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
L-kynurenine + NADPH + H+ + O2 | - |
Homo sapiens | 3-hydroxy-L-kynurenine + NADP+ + H2O | - |
? | |
additional information | a coupled assay with glucose 6-phosphate and GAPDH is used | Mus musculus | ? | - |
- |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
KMO | - |
Mus musculus |
KMO | - |
Homo sapiens |
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase | - |
Mus musculus |
kynurenine 3-monooxygenase | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
8.1 | - |
assay at | Mus musculus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
FAD | - |
Mus musculus | |
FAD | - |
Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | - |
Mus musculus | |
NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens |
General Information | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
malfunction | Neurons contain a large proportion of functional KMO in the adult mouse brain under both physiological and pathological conditions. Both KMO expression and function have been reported to be upregulated in neurons in a mouse model of neuropathic pain | Mus musculus |
metabolism | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms | Mus musculus |
metabolism | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms | Homo sapiens |
physiological function | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key player in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, regulates the synthesis of the neuroactive metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) | Mus musculus |
physiological function | kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) catalyzes the conversion of L-kynurenine to 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) in the kynurenine pathway (KP), the major route of tryptophan degradation in eukaryotic organisms. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO), a key player in the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan degradation, regulates the synthesis of the neuroactive metabolites 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) and kynurenic acid (KYNA). KMO activity is implicated in several major brain diseases including Huntington's disease (HD) and schizophrenia in humans | Homo sapiens |