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Literature summary for 1.1.1.237 extracted from

  • Xu, J.; Fang, X.; Li, C.; Zhao, Q.; Martin, C.; Chen, X.; Yang, L.
    Characterization of Arabidopsis thaliana hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductases in the tyrosine conversion pathway (2018), Front. Plant Sci., 9, 1305 .
    View publication on PubMedView publication on EuropePMC

Cloned(Commentary)

Cloned (Comment) Organism
isozyme HPPR3, sequence comparisons and phylogenetic analysis, quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis, recombinant expression of His-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3). Recombinant expression of GFP-tagged enzyme in Arabidopsis thaliana protoplasts Arabidopsis thaliana

Protein Variants

Protein Variants Comment Organism
additional information expression analysis of HPPR2, HPPR3, and other pathway-related enzymes in mutant strains, HPPR3 mutant phenotype, overview Arabidopsis thaliana

KM Value [mM]

KM Value [mM] KM Value Maximum [mM] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.37
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.37
-
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
0.8
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.5 2 phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
1.5 2 phenylpyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
3.57
-
Hydroxypyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
3.7
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana

Localization

Localization Comment Organism GeneOntology No. Textmining
cytosol
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 5829
-

Natural Substrates/ Products (Substrates)

Natural Substrates Organism Comment (Nat. Sub.) Natural Products Comment (Nat. Pro.) Rev. Reac.
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana
-
(R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0
-
(R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r

Organism

Organism UniProt Comment Textmining
Arabidopsis thaliana A0A178WMD4 catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.79, EC 1.1.1.81, EC 1.1.1.237
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9CA90 catalyzes reactions of EC 1.1.1.237 and EC 1.1.1.81
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Q9LE33
-
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 Q9LE33
-
-

Purification (Commentary)

Purification (Comment) Organism
recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain Rose-gami B (DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and desalting gel filtration Arabidopsis thaliana

Source Tissue

Source Tissue Comment Organism Textmining
flower
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
additional information high overall expression in seedling Arabidopsis thaliana
-
additional information quantitative reverse transcription PCR enzyme expression analysis Arabidopsis thaliana
-
rosette leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
seedling
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
stamen of young flowers Arabidopsis thaliana
-
stem
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
stem leaf
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-
trichome
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
-

Substrates and Products (Substrate)

Substrates Comment Substrates Organism Products Comment (Products) Rev. Reac.
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ best substrate Arabidopsis thaliana (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate + NADPH + H+ best substrate Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 (R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
r
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
?
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)lactate + NADP+
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana D-glycerate + NADP+
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ reaction of EC 1.1.1.81 Arabidopsis thaliana D-glycerate + NADP+
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+ reaction of EC 1.1.1.81 Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 D-glycerate + NADP+
-
?
hydroxypyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 D-glycerate + NADP+
-
?
additional information isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities Arabidopsis thaliana ?
-
-
additional information isoform HPPR2 has both hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 ?
-
-
phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana D-phenyllactate + NADP+
-
?
phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 D-phenyllactate + NADP+
-
?
phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana phenyllactate + NADP+
-
?
phenylpyruvate + NADPH + H+
-
Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 phenyllactate + NADP+
-
?

Synonyms

Synonyms Comment Organism
At1g12940
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
At1g79870
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
HPPR2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
HPPR3
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
HPR2
-
Arabidopsis thaliana
HPR3
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

Temperature Optimum [°C]

Temperature Optimum [°C] Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] Comment Organism
30
-
assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

Turnover Number [1/s]

Turnover Number Minimum [1/s] Turnover Number Maximum [1/s] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.033
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.052
-
Hydroxypyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
0.122
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.28
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.285
-
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
0.61
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.611
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana

pH Optimum

pH Optimum Minimum pH Optimum Maximum Comment Organism
7
-
assay at Arabidopsis thaliana

Cofactor

Cofactor Comment Organism Structure
NADPH
-
Arabidopsis thaliana

General Information

General Information Comment Organism
evolution no hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) activity by isozyme HPPR4 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Isozyme HPPR2 mainly shows hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR) activity (EC 1.1.1.81), while isozyme HPPR3 mainly shows 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase activity. Enzyme HPPR3 belongs to the family of D-isomer-specific 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenases, group II Arabidopsis thaliana
malfunction Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in either HPPR2 or HPPR3 isozyme contain lower amounts of pHPL and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to pHPL. Furthermore, a loss-of-function mutation in tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) also reduces the pHPL accumulation in plants. HPR mutants show impaired growth and contain less chlorophyll, phenotypes, detailed overview Arabidopsis thaliana
metabolism in vitro characterization of the recombinant proteins reveals that HPPR2 has both hydroxypyruvate reductase (HPR EC 1.1.1.81) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR) activities, whereas HPPR3 has a strong preference for pHPP, and both enzymes are localized in the cytosol. In Arabidopsis thaliana, HPPR2 and HPPR3, together with tyrosine aminotransferase 1 (TAT1), constitute to a probably conserved biosynthetic pathway from tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), from which some specialized metabolites, such as rosmarinic acid (RA), can be generated in specific groups of plants. Role of HPPR in the tyrosine conversion pathway, overview Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function Arabidopsis mutants defective in either isoform HPPR2 or HPPR3 contain lower amounts of 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid and are impaired in conversion of tyrosine to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid Arabidopsis thaliana
physiological function hydroxyphenylpyruvate reductase (HPPR), which catalyzes the reduction of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid (pHPP) to 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid (pHPL), is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid (RA) from tyrosine and, so far, HPPR activity is reported only from the RA-accumulating plants Arabidopsis thaliana

kcat/KM [mM/s]

kcat/KM Value [1/mMs-1] kcat/KM Value Maximum [1/mMs-1] Substrate Comment Organism Structure
0.009
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.157
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.4
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana
0.402
-
phenylpyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
0.77
-
3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyruvate pH 7.0, 30°C, recombinant enzyme Arabidopsis thaliana
0.78
-
4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate pH 7, 30°C Arabidopsis thaliana