Application | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
drug development | development of reductase inhibitors as drugs counteracting the onset of diabetic complications | Homo sapiens |
drug development | development of reductase inhibitors as drugs counteracting the onset of diabetic complications | Bos taurus |
Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
additional information | partial nonclassical competitive inhibition is exerted by the aldose hemiacetal on the reduction of the free aldehyde, aldose reductase modulation by hemiacetals, negative cooperative behavior of AR acting on L-idose, mechanism of inhibition, kinetic modelling, nonclassical competitive model, detailed overview | Bos taurus | |
additional information | partial nonclassical competitive inhibition is exerted by the aldose hemiacetal on the reduction of the free aldehyde, aldose reductase modulation by hemiacetals, negative cooperative behavior of AR acting on L-idose, mechanism of inhibition, kinetic modelling, nonclassical competitive model, detailed overview | Homo sapiens |
KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
additional information | - |
additional information | the enzyme generates non-hyperbolic kinetics, mimicking a negative cooperative behavior, due to the simultaneous action of two enzyme forms acting on the same substrate. The apparent cooperative behavior of AR acting on glucose and other hexoses and pentoses, but not on tethroses, glyceraldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, is generated by a partial nonclassical competitive inhibition exerted by the aldose hemiacetal on the reduction of the free aldehyde, Michaelis-Menten kinetic modelling with substrate L-idose, nonclassical competitive model, detailed overview | Homo sapiens | |
additional information | - |
additional information | the enzyme generates non-hyperbolic kinetics, mimicking a negative cooperative behavior, due to the simultaneous action of two enzyme forms acting on the same substrate. The apparent cooperative behavior of AR acting on glucose and other hexoses and pentoses, but not on tethroses, glyceraldehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde, is generated by a partial nonclassical competitive inhibition exerted by the aldose hemiacetal on the reduction of the free aldehyde, Michaelis-Menten kinetic modelling with substrate L-idose, nonclassical competitive model, detailed overview | Bos taurus |
Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
34000 | - |
x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
34000 | - |
x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
Natural Substrates | Organism | Comment (Nat. Sub.) | Natural Products | Comment (Nat. Pro.) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | Homo sapiens | - |
D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | Bos taurus | - |
D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
additional information | Homo sapiens | due to the unavoidable presence of the hemiacetal, glucose reduction by aldose reductase occurs under different conditions with respect to other relevant enzyme substrates, such as alkanals and alkenals, coming from membrane lipid peroxidation | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | Bos taurus | due to the unavoidable presence of the hemiacetal, glucose reduction by aldose reductase occurs under different conditions with respect to other relevant enzyme substrates, such as alkanals and alkenals, coming from membrane lipid peroxidation | ? | - |
? |
Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
Bos taurus | P16116 | - |
- |
Homo sapiens | P15121 | - |
- |
Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
---|---|---|---|
lens | - |
Bos taurus | - |
additional information | purified recombinant enzyme | Homo sapiens | - |
Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | 4-nitrobenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
4-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
D-erythrose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
D-erythrose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
D-galactose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
D-glucose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | D-sorbitol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
D-ribose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
D-ribose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
D-xylose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
D-xylose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-idose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | alditol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-idose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | alditol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
L-threose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
L-threose + NADPH + H+ | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | due to the unavoidable presence of the hemiacetal, glucose reduction by aldose reductase occurs under different conditions with respect to other relevant enzyme substrates, such as alkanals and alkenals, coming from membrane lipid peroxidation | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | due to the unavoidable presence of the hemiacetal, glucose reduction by aldose reductase occurs under different conditions with respect to other relevant enzyme substrates, such as alkanals and alkenals, coming from membrane lipid peroxidation | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | ability of the enzyme to interact and reduce highly hydrophilic and bulky substrates, substrate specificity an kinetics, overview | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
additional information | ability of the enzyme to interact and reduce highly hydrophilic and bulky substrates, substrate specificity an kinetics, overview | Bos taurus | ? | - |
? |
Subunits | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
? | x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
? | x * 34000, about, SDS-PAGE | Bos taurus |
Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|
AKR1B1 | gene name, UniProt | Homo sapiens |
AKR1B1 | gene name, UniProt | Bos taurus |
aldose reductase | - |
Homo sapiens |
aldose reductase | - |
Bos taurus |
BAR | - |
Bos taurus |
HAR | - |
Homo sapiens |
Temperature Optimum [°C] | Temperature Optimum Maximum [°C] | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
37 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
37 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
---|---|---|---|
6.8 | - |
assay at | Homo sapiens |
6.8 | - |
assay at | Bos taurus |
Cofactor | Comment | Organism | Structure |
---|---|---|---|
NADPH | NADPH-dependent enzyme | Homo sapiens | |
NADPH | NADPH-dependent enzyme | Bos taurus |