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Literature summary for 1.1.1.2 extracted from
- Purification and properties of human liver aldehyde reductases (1982), Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 707, 105-114.
Application
| Application | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| medicine | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| medicine | - |
Sus scrofa |
| medicine | inhibitors alrestatin and sorbinil, possible method of preventing neuropathy and cataractogenesis associated with diabetes | Homo sapiens |
Inhibitors
| Inhibitors | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | - |
Gallus sp. |  |
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| 3,3'-tetramethylenglutaric acid | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| Alrestatin | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Alrestatin | - |
Ovis aries | |
| Alrestatin | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
| Chromone | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| Li2SO4 | aldehyde reductase I inhibited by 86%, aldehyde reductase II is not affected | Homo sapiens | |
| p-mercuribenzoate | aldehyde reductase I is more sensitive than aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| p-mercuribenzoate | - |
Sus scrofa | |
| sodium phenobarbital | - |
Bos taurus | |
| sodium phenobarbital | aldehyde reductase II activity diminished by 84% | Homo sapiens | |
| sorbinil | - |
Homo sapiens | |
| sorbinil | - |
Ovis aries | |
| sorbinil | - |
Rattus norvegicus | |
KM Value [mM]
| KM Value [mM] | KM Value Maximum [mM] | Substrate | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0.008 | - |
propionaldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.013 | - |
NADPH | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.022 | - |
NADPH | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.023 | - |
benzaldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.029 | - |
p-nitrobenzaldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.034 | - |
p-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.042 | - |
pyridine 3-aldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.062 | - |
4-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.062 | - |
p-Carboxybenzaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.082 | - |
m-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.083 | - |
Butyraldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.11 | - |
Phenylglyoxal | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.169 | - |
p-nitrobenzaldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 0.31 | - |
laurylaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.32 | - |
Indole-3-acetaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.32 | - |
p-Carboxybenzaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 0.606 | - |
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.1 | - |
n-Butyraldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.1 | - |
p-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.18 | - |
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 1.2 | - |
diacetyl | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.3 | - |
Phenylglyoxal | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 1.9 | - |
methylglyoxal | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2 | - |
n-Butyraldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2.8 | - |
o-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2.9 | - |
3-Pyridinecarboxaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 2.94 | - |
DL-glyceraldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 2.94 | - |
DL-glyceraldehyde | aldehyde reductase II, at pH 7.0 and 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
| 2.95 | - |
sodium D-glucuronate | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 2.95 | - |
sodium D-glucuronate | aldehyde reductase II, at pH 7.0 and 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
| 3 | - |
Indole-3-acetaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 3.2 | - |
methylglyoxal | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4 | - |
m-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 4.6 | - |
o-nitrobenzaldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 5.2 | - |
pyridine 4-aldehyde | AR3 | Gallus sp. | |
| 7.69 | - |
Butyraldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 9.09 | - |
benzaldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 9.9 | - |
glycolaldehyde | AR2 | Gallus sp. | |
| 12.5 | - |
DL-glyceraldehyde | aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens | |
| 12.5 | - |
DL-glyceraldehyde | aldehyde reductase I, at pH 7.3 and 37°C | Homo sapiens | |
| 14.28 | - |
propionaldehyde | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 500 | - |
D-xylose | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
| 543 | - |
D-galactose | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens | |
Metals/Ions
| Metals/Ions | Comment | Organism | Structure |
|---|---|---|---|
| NaCl | 100 mM, aldehyde reductase II slightly stimulated | Homo sapiens | |
Molecular Weight [Da]
| Molecular Weight [Da] | Molecular Weight Maximum [Da] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32000 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 32000 | - |
- |
Bos taurus |
| 32000 | - |
- |
Gallus sp. |
| 32000 | - |
aldehyde reductase II, gel filtration | Homo sapiens |
| 32500 | - |
gel filtration, Sephadex G-100 | Homo sapiens |
| 33000 | - |
1 * 33000, aldehyde reductase II, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
| 35000 | - |
1 * 35000 + 1 * 42000,aldehyde reductase I, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
| 39000 | - |
1 * 39000, AR1 and AR3, SDS-PAGE | Gallus sp. |
| 72000 | - |
gel filtration | Homo sapiens |
Organism
| Organism | UniProt | Comment | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bos taurus | - |
bovine | - |
| Gallus sp. | - |
chicken | - |
| Homo sapiens | - |
human | - |
| Mus musculus | - |
mouse | - |
| Ovis aries | - |
sheep | - |
| Ovis aries | - |
Suffolk-Hampshire | - |
| Rattus norvegicus | - |
rat | - |
| Sus scrofa | - |
pig | - |
Purification (Commentary)
| Purification (Comment) | Organism |
|---|---|
- |
Mus musculus |
| aldehyde reductase I and II | Homo sapiens |
Source Tissue
| Source Tissue | Comment | Organism | Textmining |
|---|---|---|---|
| brain | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| brain | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| brain | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| brain | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| brain | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| brain | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| brain | - |
Gallus sp. | - |
| erythrocyte | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| kidney | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| kidney | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| kidney | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| kidney | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| kidney | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| liver | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| liver | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| liver | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| liver | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| liver | - |
Bos taurus | - |
| liver | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| placenta | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| placenta | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| placenta | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| placenta | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| placenta | - |
Ovis aries | - |
| seminal vesicle | - |
Mus musculus | - |
| seminal vesicle | - |
Homo sapiens | - |
| seminal vesicle | - |
Rattus norvegicus | - |
| seminal vesicle | - |
Sus scrofa | - |
| seminal vesicle | - |
Ovis aries | - |
Specific Activity [micromol/min/mg]
| Specific Activity Minimum [µmol/min/mg] | Specific Activity Maximum [µmol/min/mg] | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.47 | - |
aldehyde reductase I | Homo sapiens |
| 29.62 | - |
aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens |
Storage Stability
| Storage Stability | Organism |
|---|---|
| 0°C, freezing of the purified enzymes results in almost complete loss of activity, purified aldehyde reductase II is stable in 10 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7, for 2-3 month, but appears to lose activity rapidly thereafter, purified aldehyde reductase I retains enzyme activity in the same buffer for about 3 months, after which enzyme activity declines | Homo sapiens |
Substrates and Products (Substrate)
| Substrates | Comment Substrates | Organism | Products | Comment (Products) | Rev. | Reac. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Sus scrofa | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Bos taurus | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Ovis aries | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| 3-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | 3-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| 4-pyridinecarboxaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | 4-pyridinemethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| benzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | benzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-galactose + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronolactone + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronolactone + NADPH | - |
Sus scrofa | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glucuronolactone + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Mus musculus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Sus scrofa | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Ovis aries | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Gallus sp. | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| D-xylose + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| diacetyl + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| glycerol + NADP+ | - |
Rattus norvegicus | DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
| glycerol + NADP+ | - |
Sus scrofa | DL-glyceraldehyde + NADPH + H+ | - |
r | |
| glycolaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ethane-1,2-diol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| indol-3-ylacetaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | indol-3-ethanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Mus musculus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Rattus norvegicus | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Sus scrofa | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Ovis aries | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| L-glyceraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | glycerol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| lauryl aldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | lauryl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| m-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | m-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| methylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| additional information | - |
Sus scrofa | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | - |
Bos taurus | ? | - |
? | |
| additional information | glucose, galactose, fructose, sorbitol, galactitol, xylitol and glycerol are no substrates | Homo sapiens | ? | - |
? | |
| n-butyraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | n-butanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| n-butyraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Sus scrofa | n-butanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| n-butyraldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | n-butanol + NADP+ | - |
r | |
| o-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | o-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| p-carboxybenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | p-carboxybenzyl alcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| p-nitrobenzaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | p-nitrobenzylalcohol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| phenylglyoxal + NADPH | - |
Gallus sp. | ? + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| propionaldehyde + NADPH | - |
Homo sapiens | propanol + NADP+ | - |
? | |
| sodium D-glucuronate + NADPH + H+ | - |
Homo sapiens | sodium L-gulonate + NADP+ | - |
r | |
Subunits
| Subunits | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| dimer | 1 * 35000 + 1 * 42000,aldehyde reductase I, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
| monomer | - |
Rattus norvegicus |
| monomer | - |
Sus scrofa |
| monomer | - |
Bos taurus |
| monomer | 1 * 33000, aldehyde reductase II, SDS-PAGE | Homo sapiens |
| monomer | 1 * 39000, AR1 and AR3, SDS-PAGE | Gallus sp. |
Synonyms
| Synonyms | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|
| L-hexonate dehydrogenase | - |
Mus musculus |
| L-hexonate dehydrogenase | - |
Homo sapiens |
| L-hexonate dehydrogenase | - |
Bos taurus |
| L-hexonate dehydrogenase | - |
Ovis aries |
pH Optimum
| pH Optimum Minimum | pH Optimum Maximum | Comment | Organism |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6 | - |
- |
Rattus norvegicus |
| 6 | - |
- |
Gallus sp. |
| 6 | - |
aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens |
| 6.7 | 6.8 | - |
Bos taurus |
| 6.7 | 6.8 | aldehyde reductase II | Homo sapiens |
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