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4-hydoxyphenylpyruvate
?
-
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
dopachrome
?
-
melanin biosynthesis
-
-
?
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester
methyl 3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)-L-alaninate
L-alpha-methyldopachrome
5,6-dihydroxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
-
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
-
i.e. 2-carboxy-2,3-dihydroindole-5,6-quinone, the enzyme is strictly specific for the L-enantiomer. The N-terminal Pro is crucial for tautomerase activity
-
-
?
L-dopachrome methyl ester
?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
highly stereospecific for L-dopachrome
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
highly stereospecific for L-dopachrome
-
?
dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
not: D-isomer
-
?
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester
methyl 3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)-L-alaninate
-
i.e. L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride, the catalytic residue is N-terminal Pro1
-
-
r
L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester
methyl 3-(3,4-dioxocyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl)-L-alaninate
-
the catalytic residue is N-terminal Pro1
-
-
r
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
Dct isomerizes the intermediate dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, DHICA, and influences the proportion of DHICA monomer incorporated into the 5,6-dihydroxyindole, DHI, polymer in eumelanin
DHICA monomers are required to incorporate into the DHI polymer backbone of eumelanin. DHICA exhibits a potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity when bound to melanin, while DHI-melanin does not
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
-
-
-
?
L-dopachrome
5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
-
Dct isomerizes the intermediate dopachrome to 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid, DHICA, and influences the proportion of DHICA monomer incorporated into the 5,6-dihydroxyindole, DHI, polymer in eumelanin
DHICA monomers are required to incorporate into the DHI polymer backbone of eumelanin. DHICA exhibits a potent hydroxyl radical-scavenging activity when bound to melanin, while DHI-melanin does not
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
existence of a common mechanism underlying radio- and chemoresistance, which is mediated by the enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
role of enzyme in cytoprotection by preventing the production of atoxic melanin precursor, 5,6-dihydroxyindole
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
isoforms of enzyme may play a part in the normal pathway of melamin biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
structure-function relationship, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
WM35-wild-type and WM35-C2 cells, containing overexpressed TRP-2 enzyme are incubated with various H2O2 concentrations to determine the survival rate. TRP-2 reduces oxidative stress-induced toxicity of WM35-C2 cells compared to the wild-type cells, at 300 microM H2O2 30% decrease of cell sensitivity. TRP-2 protects genomic DNA from oxidative stress damage: in wild-type WM35 cells the damaging effect on DNA is visible at 50 microM H2O2. WM35 cells containing the overexpressed TRP-2 show DNA damage after treatment with 100 microM H2O2. The overexpression of TRP-2 in HEK-293 cells shows no improvement of the cell sensitivity to oxidative stress
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
DCT interacts with melanin
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MIF is a 12 kDa protein with an enzymatic keto-enol tautomerase activityMIF is a homotrimeric multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine. Binding of MIF to its receptor, CD74, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
MIF is a homotrimeric multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine. Binding of MIF to its receptor, CD74, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the MIF protein is multifunctional, exhibiting besides its L-dopachrome tautomerase activity, e.g. also phenylpyruvate tautomerase activity, EC 5.3.2.1, and thioredoxin-like function, or its cytokine function, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no substrate: L-dopachrome methyl ester, dopaminochrome, adrenochrome
-
-
?
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malfunction
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Dct inactivation elevates the level of ROS, increases the numbers of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells, and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis upon exposure to chronic UVA radiation
malfunction
-
MIF expression contributes to cell proliferation, invasiveness and neo-angiogenesis of neuroblastoma, gastric, hepatocellular, bladder, and breast carcinomas. MIF takes part in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and multiple sklerosis
malfunction
-
MIF is implicated in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases
malfunction
-
Dct inactivation in knockout mice exposed to UVA radiation elevates the level of reactive oxygen species, increases the number of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis
malfunction
a tautomerase-null protein shows reduced binding affinity to the receptors CD74 and CXCR2, and an impaired ability to induce ERK1/2 MAP kinase activation. Cells expressing the tautomerase-null protein show reduced proliferative capacity, and enzyme-deficient mice show a reduced development in benzo[a]pyrene-induced skin tumors.
malfunction
-
enzyme knockdown inhibits ERK1/2 and AKT phosphorylation, increases p53 expression and attenuates proliferation and invasion of PANC-1 cells
malfunction
-
Dct inactivation elevates the level of ROS, increases the numbers of sunburn cells and apoptotic cells, and decreases the amount of eumelanin in the epidermis upon exposure to chronic UVA radiation
-
physiological function
-
Dct is a critical enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway. It is involved in regulation of DHICA-mediated antioxidation and protection of the skin against UVA radiation
physiological function
-
DCT plays a critical role in lowering the oxidative stress resulting from melanogenesis
physiological function
increase in D-dopachrome tautomerase is a response to liver damage, accelerates melanin biosynthesis and protects the liver from oxidative stress induced by CCl4, overview
physiological function
-
MIF is an upstream regulator of innate immunity and a potential molecular link between inflammation and cancer, functional role of the MIF tautomerase activity in vivo, overview. MIF's intrinsic tautomerase activity is dispensable for this cytokine's growth-regulatory properties and support a role for the N-terminal region in protein-protein interactions
physiological function
-
MIF is involved in diverse biological processes, e.g. MIF glucocorticoid overriding activity, endotoxin lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF production, MIF-mediated stimulation of ERK1/2 MAP kinase and proliferation of serum-starved cells, MIF-mediated upregulation of arachidonic acid in macrophages, and Cox-2 activation
physiological function
-
MIF plays an essential role in both, innate and adaptive immune response. It is implicated in tumor growth and angiogenesis, an exerts an antagonistic effect against glucocorticoid immunosuppressive action, and shows glucorticoid overriding activity
physiological function
-
the enzyme is produced by NS0 cells as a factor to support proliferation, it is probably involved in autocrine regulation of proliferation, mechanism, overview
physiological function
-
Dct plays a role in the regulation of eumelanin antioxidant properties
physiological function
-
mRNA expression matrix-metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and MMP-3 are induced by the enzyme in SGB preadipocyte cell line
physiological function
-
serum enzyme levels are elevated in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. and mRNA levels of MIF in subcutaneous abdominal adipose cells are positively associated with adipocyte size and insulin resistance
physiological function
-
the enzyme binds to the type II transmembrane protein, CD74, leading to its intracellular phosphorylation, the recruitment of the coreceptor CD44, and the activation of SRC family kinases and the ERK1/2 MAPK pathway. The enzyme counterregulates the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoids on tissue necrosis factor production from lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages
physiological function
the enzyme inhibits the migration of macrophages. The enzyme activates the MAP kinase cascade, modulates cell migration, and counter-acts the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids. For many cell types, the enzyme also acts as an important survival or anti-apoptotic factor. the enzyme is essential for the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as tissue necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide by macrophages. The enzyme is necessary for maximal c-jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent AP-1 transactivation and subsequent CXCL8 and VEGF transcription in human lung adenocarcinoma cells
physiological function
-
the enzyme promotes tumor cell and endothelial cell migration
physiological function
-
the enzyme is beneficial in wound repair of inflamed adipose tissue by improving fibroblast survival and proliferation
physiological function
-
the enzyme protects the heart against ischemic injury
physiological function
-
Dct is a critical enzyme in the melanogenesis pathway. It is involved in regulation of DHICA-mediated antioxidation and protection of the skin against UVA radiation
-
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Pawelek, J.M.
Dopachrome conversion factor functions as an isomerase
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
166
1328-1333
1990
Mus musculus
brenda
Aroca, P.; Garcia-Borron, J.C.; Solano, F.; Lozano, J.A.
Regulation of mammalian melanogenesis I: partial purification and characterization of a dopachrome converting factor: dopachrome tautomerase
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1035
266-275
1990
Mus musculus
brenda
Winder, A.J.; Wittbjer, A.; Odh, G.; Rosengren, E.; Rorsman, H.
The mouse brown (b) locus protein functions as a dopachrome tautomerase
Pigment Cell Res.
7
305-310
1994
Mus musculus
brenda
Solano, F.; Martinez-Liarte, J.H.; Jimenez-Cervantes, C.; Garcia-Borron, J.C.; Lozano, J.A.
Dopachrome tautomerase is a zinc-containing enzyme
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
204
1243-1250
1994
Mus musculus
brenda
Palumbo, A.; d'Ischia, M.; Misuraca, G.; De Martino, L.; Prota, G.
A new dopachrome-rearranging enzyme from the ejected ink of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis
Biochem. J.
299
839-844
1994
Sepia officinalis
brenda
Chakraborty, A.K.; Orlow, S.J.; Pawelek, J.M.
Evidence that dopachrome tautomerase is a ferrous iron-binding glycoprotein
FEBS Lett.
302
126-128
1992
Mus musculus
brenda
Tsukamoto, K.; Jackson, I.J.; Urabe, K.; Montague, P.M.; Hearing, V.J.
A second tyrosine-related protein, TRP-2, is a melanogenic enzyme termed DOPAchrome tautomerase
EMBO J.
11
519-526
1992
Mus musculus
brenda
Palumbo, A.; Solano, F.; Misuraca, G.; Aroca, P.; Borron, J.C.G.; Lozano, J.A.; Prota, G.
Comparative action of dopachrome tautomerase and metal ions on the rearragement of dopachrome
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1115
1-5
1991
Mus musculus
brenda
Solano, F.; Jimenez-Cervantes, C.; Martinez-Liarte, J.H.; Garcia-Borron, J.C.; Jara, J.R.; Lozano, J.A.
Molecular mechanism for catalysis by a new zinc-enzyme, dopachrome tautomerase
Biochem. J.
313
447-453
1996
Mus musculus
brenda
Udono, T.; Takahashi, K.; Yasumoto, K.; Yoshizawa, M.; Takeda, K.; Abe, T.; Tamai, M.; Shibahara, S.
Expression of tyrosinase-related protein 2/DOPAchrome tautomerase in the retinoblastoma
Exp. Eye Res.
72
225-234
2001
Homo sapiens
brenda
Pisarra, P.; Lupetti, R.; Palumbo, A.; Napolitano, A.; Prota, G.; Parmiani, G.; Anichini, A.; Sensi, M.
Human melanocytes and melanomas express novel mRNA isoforms of the tyrosinase-related protein-2/DOPAchrome tautomerase gene: molecular and functional characterization
J. Invest. Dermatol.
115
48-56
2000
Homo sapiens
brenda
Rosengren, E.; Rorsman, H.
Reducing compounds initiate the TRP2-catalyzed conversion of L-dopachrome to DHICA
Melanoma Res.
8
469-470
1998
Mus musculus
brenda
Suzuki, H.; Takahashi, K.; Yasumoto, K.I.; Amae, S.; Yoshizawa, M.; Fuse, N.; Shibahara, S.
Role of neurofibromin in modulation of expression of the tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene
J. Biochem.
124
992-998
1998
Homo sapiens
brenda
Furumura, M.; Solano, F.; Matsunaga, N.; Sakai, C.; Spritz, R.A.; Hearing, V.J.
Metal ligand-binding specificities of the tyrosinase-related proteins
Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
242
579-585
1998
Mus musculus
brenda
Pennock, J.L.; Behnke, J.M.; Bickle, Q.D.; Devaney, E.; Grencis, R.K.; Isaac, R.E.; Joshua, G.W.; Selkirk, M.E.; Zhang, Y.; Meyer, D.J.
Rapid purification and characterization of L-dopachrome-methyl ester tautomerase (macrophage-migration-inhibitory factor) from Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris muris and Brugia pahangi
Biochem. J.
335
495-498
1998
Brugia pahangi, Homo sapiens, no activity in Caenorhabditis elegans, no activity in Heligmosomoides polygyrus, no activity in Hymenolepis diminuta, no activity in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, no activity in Schistosoma haematobium, no activity in Schistosoma japonicum, no activity in Schistosoma mansoni, Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris muris
brenda
Pak, B.J.; Lee, J.; Thai, B.L.; Fuchs, S.Y.; Shaked, Y.; Ronai, Z.; Kerbel, R.S.; Ben-David, Y.
Radiation resistance of human melanoma analysed by retroviral insertional mutagenesis reveals a possible role for dopachrome tautomerase
Oncogene
23
30-38
2004
Homo sapiens
brenda
Costin, G.E.; Valencia, J.C.; Wakamatsu, K.; Ito, S.; Solano, F.; Milac, A.L.; Vieira, W.D.; Yamaguchi, Y.; Rouzaud, F.; et al.
Mutations in dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) affect eumelanin/pheomelanin synthesis, but do not affect intracellular trafficking of the mutant protein
Biochem. J.
391
249-259
2005
Mus musculus
brenda
Guyonneau, L.; Murisier, F.; Rossier, A.; Moulin, A.; Beermann, F.
Melanocytes and pigmentation are affected in dopachrome tautomerase knockout mice
Mol. Cell. Biol.
24
3396-3403
2004
Mus musculus
brenda
Jiao, Z.; Zhang, Z.G.; Hornyak, T.J.; Hozeska, A.; Zhang, R.L.; Wang, Y.; Wang, L.; Roberts, C.; Strickland, F.M.; Chopp, M.
Dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) regulates neural progenitor cell proliferation
Dev. Biol.
296
396-408
2006
Mus musculus
brenda
Michard, Q.; Commo, S.; Belaidi, J.P.; Alleaume, A.M.; Michelet, J.F.; Daronnat, E.; Eilstein, J.; Duche, D.; Marrot, L.; Bernard, B.A.
TRP-2 specifically decreases WM35 cell sensitivity to oxidative stress
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
44
1023-1031
2008
Homo sapiens
brenda
Hiyoshi, M.; Konishi, H.; Uemura, H.; Matsuzaki, H.; Tsukamoto, H.; Sugimoto, R.; Takeda, H.; Dakeshita, S.; Kitayama, A.; Takami, H.; Sawachika, F.; Kido, H.; Arisawa, K.
D-Dopachrome tautomerase is a candidate for key proteins to protect the rat liver damaged by carbon tetrachloride
Toxicology
255
6-14
2009
Rattus norvegicus (P80254)
brenda
Cross, J.V.; Rady, J.M.; Foss, F.W.; Lyons, C.E.; Macdonald, T.L.; Templeton, D.J.
Nutrient isothiocyanates covalently modify and inhibit the inflammatory cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
Biochem. J.
423
315-321
2009
Homo sapiens
brenda
Ouertatani-Sakouhi, H.; El-Turk, F.; Fauvet, B.; Roger, T.; Le Roy, D.; Karpinar, D.P.; Leng, L.; Bucala, R.; Zweckstetter, M.; Calandra, T.; Lashuel, H.A.
A new class of isothiocyanate-based irreversible inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Biochemistry
48
9858-9870
2009
Homo sapiens
brenda
Garai, J.; Lorand, T.
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) tautomerase inhibitors as potential novel anti-inflammatory agents: current developments
Curr. Med. Chem.
16
1091-1114
2009
Homo sapiens
brenda
Jiang, S.; Liu, X.M.; Dai, X.; Zhou, Q.; Lei, T.C.; Beermann, F.; Wakamatsu, K.; Xu, S.Z.
Regulation of DHICA-mediated antioxidation by dopachrome tautomerase: implication for skin photoprotection against UVA radiation
Free Radic. Biol. Med.
48
1144-1151
2010
Mus musculus, Mus musculus C57BL/6
brenda
Deng, W.; Tan, Y.; Wang, X.; Xi, D.; He, Y.; Yang, S.; Mao, H.; Gao, S.
Molecular cloning, sequence characteristics, and polymorphism analyses of the tyrosinase-related protein 2 /DOPAchrome tautomerase gene of black-boned sheep (Ovis aries)
Genome
52
1001-1011
2009
Ovis aries
brenda
Spens, E.; Haeggstroem, L.
Proliferation of NS0 cells in protein-free medium: the role of cell-derived proteins, known growth factors and cellular receptors
J. Biotechnol.
141
123-129
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Fingerle-Rowson, G.; Kaleswarapu, D.R.; Schlander, C.; Kabgani, N.; Brocks, T.; Reinart, N.; Busch, R.; Schuetz, A.; Lue, H.; Du, X.; Liu, A.; Xiong, H.; Chen, Y.; Nemajerova, A.; Hallek, M.; Bernhagen, J.; Leng, L.; Bucala, R.
A tautomerase-null macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MIF) gene knock-in mouse model reveals that protein interactions and not enzymatic activity mediate MIF-dependent growth regulation
Mol. Cell. Biol.
29
1922-1932
2009
Mus musculus
brenda
Vavricka, C.J.; Ray, K.W.; Christensen, B.M.; Li, J.
Purification and N-glycosylation analysis of melanoma antigen dopachrome tautomerase
Protein J.
29
204-212
2010
Homo sapiens
brenda
Bam, M.; Bagchi, T.
Absence of tyrosinase-related protein-2/dopachrome tautomerase transcripts in PBMCs from vitiligo patients
Scand. J. Immunol.
69
366-373
2009
Homo sapiens
brenda
Panzella, L.; Napolitano, A.; Dischia, M.
Is DHICA the key to dopachrome tautomerase and melanocyte functions?
Pigment Cell Melanoma Res.
24
248-249
2011
Mus musculus
brenda
Merk, M.; Mitchell, R.A.; Endres, S.; Bucala, R.
D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT or MIF-2): doubling the MIF cytokine family
Cytokine
59
10-17
2012
Homo sapiens (P14174), Homo sapiens
brenda
Ishimoto, K.; Iwata, T.; Taniguchi, H.; Mizusawa, N.; Tanaka, E.; Yoshimoto, K.
D-dopachrome tautomerase promotes IL-6 expression and inhibits adipogenesis in preadipocytes
Cytokine
60
772-777
2012
Homo sapiens
brenda
Pasupuleti, V.; Du, W.; Gupta, Y.; Yeh, I.J.; Montano, M.; Magi-Galuzzi, C.; Welford, S.M.
Dysregulated D-dopachrome tautomerase, a hypoxia-inducible factor-dependent gene, cooperates with macrophage migration inhibitory factor in renal tumorigenesis
J. Biol. Chem.
289
3713-3723
2014
Homo sapiens
brenda
Honigman, J.S.; DiGregorio, K.M.; Dedkov, E.I.; Leheste, J.R.; Leng, L.; Bucala, R.; Torres, G.
Distribution maps of D-dopachrome tautomerase in the mouse brain
Neuroscience
226
382-387
2012
Mus musculus
brenda
Iwata, T.; Taniguchi, H.; Kuwajima, M.; Taniguchi, T.; Okuda, Y.; Sukeno, A.; Ishimoto, K.; Mizusawa, N.; Yoshimoto, K.
The action of D-dopachrome tautomerase as an adipokine in adipocyte lipid metabolism
PLoS ONE
7
e33402
2012
Homo sapiens
brenda
Merk, M.; Zierow, S.; Leng, L.; Das, R.; Du, X.; Schulte, W.; Fan, J.; Lue, H.; Chen, Y.; Xiong, H.; Chagnon, F.; Bernhagen, J.; Lolis, E.; Mor, G.; Lesur, O.; Bucala, R.
The D-dopachrome tautomerase (DDT) gene product is a cytokine and functional homolog of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
108
E577-E585
2011
Homo sapiens
brenda
Roger, T.; Schlapbach, L.J.; Schneider, A.; Weier, M.; Wellmann, S.; Marquis, P.; Vermijlen, D.; Sweep, F.C.; Leng, L.; Bucala, R.; Calandra, T.; Giannoni, E.
Plasma levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor and D-dopachrome tautomerase show a highly specific profile in early life
Front. Immunol.
8
26
2017
Homo sapiens
brenda
Guo, D.; Guo, J.; Yao, J.; Jiang, K.; Hu, J.; Wang, B.; Liu, H.; Lin, L.; Sun, W.; Jiang, X.
D-dopachrome tautomerase is over-expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and acts cooperatively with macrophage migration inhibitory factor to promote cancer growth
Int. J. Cancer
139
2056-2067
2016
Homo sapiens
brenda
Kim, B.S.; Tilstam, P.V.; Hwang, S.S.; Simons, D.; Schulte, W.; Leng, L.; Sauler, M.; Ganse, B.; Averdunk, L.; Kopp, R.; Stoppe, C.; Bernhagen, J.; Pallua, N.; Bucala, R.
D-dopachrome tautomerase in adipose tissue inflammation and wound repair
J. Cell. Mol. Med.
21
35-45
2017
Homo sapiens
brenda
Qi, D.; Atsina, K.; Qu, L.; Hu, X.; Wu, X.; Xu, B.; Piecychna, M.; Leng, L.; Fingerle-Rowson, G.; Zhang, J.; Bucala, R.; Young, L.H.
The vestigial enzyme D-dopachrome tautomerase protects the heart against ischemic injury
J. Clin. Invest.
124
3540-3550
2014
Mus musculus
brenda
Kobold, S.; Merk, M.; Hofer, L.; Peters, P.; Bucala, R.; Endres, S.
The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)-homologue D-dopachrome tautomerase is a therapeutic target in a murine melanoma model
Oncotarget
5
103-107
2014
Mus musculus
brenda