the class II diTPS reaction, which forms the bicyclic decalin core of labdanetype diterpenoids, is terminated either by deprotonation or by water capture of the diphosphate carbocation
encodes a gene CPS2 orthologue, encoding for copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase, CLS, in other Solanum sp., but which here encodes a nonfunctional protein
encodes a gene CPS2 orthologue, encoding for copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase, CLS, in other Solanum sp., but which here encodes a nonfunctional protein
CcCLS is preferentially expressed in the trichomes, with higher transcript levels found in glands on young leaves than on fully expanded leaves, while CcCLS transcript levels increase after mechanical wounding
CcCLS is preferentially expressed in the trichomes, with higher transcript levels found in glands on young leaves than on fully expanded leaves, while CcCLS transcript levels increase after mechanical wounding
localization of forskolin and (13R)-manoyl oxide in root cork oil bodies, overview. Small amounts are located also in a small number of oil bodies in stem cork tissue
manoyl oxide is detected in root cork and, more specifically, in oil bodies isolated from this tissue, as well as in the root cortex and stele, stem, and flowers
manoyl oxide is detected in root cork and, more specifically, in oil bodies isolated from this tissue, as well as in the root cortex and stele, stem, and flowers
the Solanaceae functional gene cluster evolved by duplication and divergence of TPS genes, together with alterations in substrate specificity to utilize cis-prenyl diphosphates and through the acquisition of CPT genes
the Solanaceae functional gene cluster evolved by duplication and divergence of TPS genes, together with alterations in substrate specificity to utilize cis-prenyl diphosphates and through the acquisition of CPT genes
the Solanaceae functional gene cluster evolved by duplication and divergence of TPS genes, together with alterations in substrate specificity to utilize cis-prenyl diphosphates and through the acquisition of CPT genes
the enzyme is a class II diterpene synthase (diTPS) of specialized labdane-type metabolism. Evolutionary potential of enzymes of this family to drive rapid diversification of plant diterpene biosynthesis through neo-functionalization. Reaction mechanisms of class II diTPSs (a), and labdane-type diterpenes, overview
the enzyme is a class II diterpene synthase (diTPS), expression profiling and phylogenetic analysis of the CfTPS family. Coleus forskohlii diTPSs constitute a small gene family. Schematic overview of the biosynthetic routes from GGPP to specialized and general diterpenoids of the abietane, labdane, and ent-kaurene class
copal-8-ol diphosphate, which is made from the all-trans geranylgeranyl diphosphate by copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase Nt-CPS2, is the substrate for Z-abienol synthase
enzyme CfTPS2 synthesizes the intermediate copal-8-ol diphosphate,which in combination with CfTPS3 results in the stereospecific formation of (13R) manoyl oxide, while the combination of CfTPS1 an CfTPS3 or CfTPS4 leads to formation of miltiradiene, precursor of abietane diterpenoids in Coleus forskohlii, in combination with TPS14, (13R) and (13S) manoyl oxides are fomed
the enzyme is responsible for synthesis of copal-8-ol diphosphate, which is likely to be an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the oxygen-containing labdane-type diterpenes that are abundant in the resin of this plant. CLS is a putative key enzyme in the biosynthesis of oxygen-containing labdane-type diterpenes
enzyme structure homology modelling based on an the crystal structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, EC 5.5.1.13, active structure analysis, structure-function relationship analysis, overview
enzyme structure homology modelling based on an the crystal structure of the Arabidopsis thaliana ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, EC 5.5.1.13, active structure analysis, structure-function relationship analysis, overview
using site-directed mutagenesis, a panel of six variants, where one, or both positions are exchanged between the enzymes TPS14 and TPS21, i.e. kolavenyl diphosphate synthase and copal-8-ol diphosphate hydratase. In coupled heterologous assays with a corresponding class I diTPS, TwTPS2, complete product interchange is observed in variants with both reciprocal mutations, while substitutions of either residue give mixed product profiles. Two mutants, TwTPS14:Y265H and TwTPS21:A325V, also produce ent-copalyl diphosphate, highlighting the evolutionary potential of enzymes of this family to drive rapid diversification of plant diterpene biosynthesis through neo-functionalization
using site-directed mutagenesis, a panel of six variants, where one, or both positions are exchanged between the enzymes TPS14 and TPS21, i.e. kolavenyl diphosphate synthase and copal-8-ol diphosphate hydratase. In coupled heterologous assays with a corresponding class I diTPS, TwTPS2, complete product interchange is observed in variants with both reciprocal mutations, while substitutions of either residue give mixed product profiles. Two mutants, TwTPS14:Y265H and TwTPS21:A325V, also produce ent-copalyl diphosphate, highlighting the evolutionary potential of enzymes of this family to drive rapid diversification of plant diterpene biosynthesis through neo-functionalization
gene CPS2, located in a gene cluster on chromosome 8, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, genetic organization
gene Nt-CPS2, located in a gene cluster on chromosome 8, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, genetic organization
gene TPS21, functional recombinant expression of wild-type and mutant enzymes in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and to increase expression level and elevate the GGDP pool, the p19 suppressor of gene silencing and Coleus forskohlii 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (CfDXS) and GGDP synthase (CfGGDPS) are coexpressed
gene CPS2, located in a gene cluster on chromosome 8, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, genetic organization
gene CPS2, located in a gene cluster on chromosome 8, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic analysis, genetic organization
A copal-8-ol diphosphate synthase from the angiosperm Cistus creticus subsp. creticus is a putative key enzyme for the formation of pharmacologically active, oxygen-containing labdane-type diterpenes