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Information on EC 4.1.3.27 - anthranilate synthase
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4.1.3.27 anthranilate synthaseIUBMB Comments
In some organisms, this enzyme is part of a multifunctional protein, together with one or more other components of the system for the biosynthesis of tryptophan [EC 2.4.2.18 (anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase ), EC 4.1.1.48 (indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase), EC 4.2.1.20 (tryptophan synthase) and EC 5.3.1.24 (phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase)]. The native enzyme in the complex uses either glutamine or, less efficiently, NH3. The enzyme separated from the complex uses NH3 only.
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Word Map
- 4.1.3.27
-
amidotransferase
-
feedback-insensitive
-
trpeg
- l-tryptophan
- p-aminobenzoate
- isochorismate
- catharanthus
- roseus
-
glutamine-dependent
- 5-methyltryptophan
-
feedback-resistant
-
chorismate-utilizing
- tryptamine
- paba
- buchnera
- prephenate
-
indole-3-glycerol
- 4-amino-4-deoxychorismate
-
indoleglycerol
-
5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate
-
aminodeoxychorismate
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- molecular biology
- medicine
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
anthranilate synthase, anthranilate synthetase, oasa1d, oasa1, oasa2, phnab, anthranilate synthase component i, trped, hvasa2, anthranilate synthase-phosphoribosyltransferase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
ANTA synthase
anthranilate synthase
anthranilate synthase component I
anthranilate synthase-phosphoribosyltransferase
-
tryptophan biosynthetic enzyme complex
anthranilate synthetase
-
-
-
-
AS-I
ASA
ASA1
ASA2
ASalpha
ASalphabeta
ASB
chorismate lyase
-
-
-
-
Glutamine amido-transferase
-
-
-
-
Glutamine amidotransferase
-
-
-
-
OASA1D
OASA2
synthase, anthranilate
-
-
-
-
synthetase, anthranilate
-
-
-
-
TrpE
TrpED
anthranilate synthase
-
-
-
-
OASA1D
-
feedback-insensitive alpha-subunit OASA1D (OASA1 with point mutation N323D)
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Serratia marcescens
-
-
-
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Saccharolobus solfataricus
-
-
-
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Escherichia coli
-
-
-
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Ogataea henricii
-
-
-
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium
-
-
-
chorismate + L-glutamine = anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Saccharolobus solfataricus P2
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
elimination
elimination
-
-
of an oxo-acid, C-C bond cleavage
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
KEGG
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
chorismate pyruvate-lyase (amino-accepting; anthranilate-forming)
In some organisms, this enzyme is part of a multifunctional protein, together with one or more other components of the system for the biosynthesis of tryptophan [EC 2.4.2.18 (anthranilate phosphoribosyltransferase ), EC 4.1.1.48 (indole-3-glycerol-phosphate synthase), EC 4.2.1.20 (tryptophan synthase) and EC 5.3.1.24 (phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase)]. The native enzyme in the complex uses either glutamine or, less efficiently, NH3. The enzyme separated from the complex uses NH3 only.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9031-59-8
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chorismate + NH3
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
NH3 + phosphoribosyl diphosphate
phosphoribosyl amine
-
mutant P362L
-
?
chorismate + ammonia
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
feedback-insensitive enzyme
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
anthranilate synthase activity of mutant plants resistant to growth inhition by 5-methyltryptophan is 2.2fold to 3fold higher than that of the control. OASE2 is one of the key-regulating enzyme subunits in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
component I is inactive with L-Gln
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Escherichia coli W3110 trpD9923
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC 1551
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
one subunit of the enzyme contains a chorismate binding site and catalyzes the formation of anthranilate via 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate. After the first step, the intermediate remains bound to the enzyme, where it is subsequently converted to anthranilate through the elimination of pyruvate
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
?
chorismate + NH4+
?
-
reaction is catalyzed by component I alone and in combination with component II
-
-
?
chorismate + NH4+
?
-
reaction is catalyzed by component I alone and in combination with component II
-
-
?
chorismate + NH4+
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
feedback-insensitive enzyme
-
-
?
chorismate + NH4+
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
alpha-subunits (OASA1 or OASA2) alone possess anthranilate synthase activity with NH4+
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of avenanthramides
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
first enzyme in the branch pathway in Trp biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
active site residue that forms the covalent gamma-glutamyl-AS II intermediate is Cys
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
subunit ASalpha requires an ASbeta-subunit for Gln-dependent activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ASI, is encoded by the gene TrpE and catalyzes the formation of anthranilate from chorismate and NH4+ as an independent subunit and from chorismate and Gln, when complexed with ASII. ASII consists of a glutamine amidotransferase domain, TrpG, which enables the complex to utilize Gln as an NH4+ source and an N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate synthase domain, which catalyzes the production of N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate from anthranilate and (5-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
does not possess chorismate mutase promiscuous activity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of the gene by attenuation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the 72000 Da subunit converts chorismate to anthranilate using NH4+. The 28000 Da subunit confers the enzyme the ability to use Gln instead of NH4+ as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
synthesis of the enzyme is repressed by His, anthranilate, Trp and p-aminobenzoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Streptomyces sp. 3022a
-
the 72000 Da subunit converts chorismate to anthranilate using NH4+. The 28000 Da subunit confers the enzyme the ability to use Gln instead of NH4+ as substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Streptomyces sp. 3022a
-
synthesis of the enzyme is repressed by His, anthranilate, Trp and p-aminobenzoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme does not utilize ammonia as a substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no substrate: asparagine
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
chorismate + NH4+
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
feedback-insensitive enzyme
-
-
?
chorismate + ammonia
anthranilate + pyruvate + H2O
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
feedback-insensitive enzyme
-
-
?
chorismate + L-Gln
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
anthranilate synthase activity of mutant plants resistant to growth inhition by 5-methyltryptophan is 2.2fold to 3fold higher than that of the control. OASE2 is one of the key-regulating enzyme subunits in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
Mycobacterium tuberculosis CDC 1551
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
one subunit of the enzyme contains a chorismate binding site and catalyzes the formation of anthranilate via 2-amino-2-deoxyisochorismate. After the first step, the intermediate remains bound to the enzyme, where it is subsequently converted to anthranilate through the elimination of pyruvate
-
-
?
chorismate + L-glutamine
anthranilate + pyruvate + L-glutamate
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of avenanthramides
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
first enzyme in the branch pathway in Trp biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
regulation of the gene by attenuation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
synthesis of the enzyme is repressed by His, anthranilate, Trp and p-aminobenzoate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Streptomyces sp. 3022a
-
synthesis of the enzyme is repressed by His, anthranilate, Trp and p-aminobenzoate
-
-
?
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Co2+
Mg2+
Mn2+
Mg2+
-
Km for the mutant enzyme: 0.036 mM, Km for the wild-type enzyme: 0.101 mM
Mg2+
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(1R,4R,5S,6S)-4-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-5-hydroxy-7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]hept-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid
-
-
(3-[[(5S)-6-([2-[6-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl]ethyl]amino)-5-[[2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl]phenoxy)acetic acid
-
-
(3R,4R)-3-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-6-methylidenecyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(3R,4R)-3-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(4R,5R)-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(4R,5R)-5-[(1R)-1-carboxyethoxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(4R,5R)-5-[(1S)-1-carboxyethoxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(4R,5R)-5-[(2-carboxyprop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
-
(4R,5S,6S)-4-amino-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-hydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylate
-
-
(4R,5S,6S)-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4,6-dihydroxycyclohex-1-enecarboxylate
-
-
(4S,5R,6R)-4-hydroxy-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-6-aminocyclohex-1-enecarboxylic acid
-
-
1-(2-carboxyprop-2-en-1-yl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-4-carboxylic acid
-
-
1-(2-carboxyprop-2-en-1-yl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid
-
-
2-(3-(-(S)-5-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamido)-5-oxopentylcarbamoyl)-phenoxy)acetic acid
-
-
2-(3-(3-((R)-3-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamido)-3-oxopropylthio) propylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)acetic acid
-
-
2-oxoglutarate
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
2-[[(1R,6R)-3-bromo-6-hydroxycyclohexa-2,4-dien-1-yl]oxy]prop-2-enoic acid
-
-
3-[[(1E)-1-carboxylatobut-1-en-1-yl]oxy]-2-hydroxybenzoate
-
3-[[(1E)-1-carboxylatoprop-1-en-1-yl]oxy]-2-hydroxybenzoate
-
3-[[(E)-1-carboxylato-2-phenylethenyl]oxy]-2-hydroxybenzoate
-
Bromopyruvate
-
inactivation prevented by chorismate and Trp
Co2+
-
10 mM, 67% inhibition of enzyme from cell line R-15, 33% inhibition of enzyme from cell line R-20
Diethylamine
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
Dimethylamine
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
Gln
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
Glu
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
methylamine
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
N-((S)-1-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamide
-
-
N-((S)-6-amino-1-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamide
-
-
N-Methylhydroxylamine
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitro-L-phenylalaninamide
-
-
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-chloro-L-phenylalaninamide
-
-
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-4-cyano-L-phenylalaninamide
-
-
NEM
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
pyruvate
-
competitive with respect to chorismate, noncompetitive with respect to NH4+, reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
trimethylamine
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
[(3R,4R)-3-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]phosphonate
-
-
[3-([(5S)-5-[[(3-benzoylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
-
[3-([(5S)-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-[(3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
-
[3-([(5S)-6-[(4-carbamoyl-1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)amino]-6-oxo-5-[(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]hexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
-
5-Methyltryptophan
-
less effective inhibitor than 4-methylindole or 7-methyl-DL-tryptophan
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine
-
inhibition of Gln-dependent activity, no inactivation of NH4+-dependent activity
DL-5-fluorotryptophan
-
competitive with respect to chorismate, noncompetitive with respect to NH4+ and Gln
DL-5-Methyltryptophan
-
competitive with respect to chorismate, noncompetitive with respect to NH4+ and Gln
iodoacetamide
-
inhibition of Gln-dependent activity, no inactivation of NH4+-dependent activity
L-Trp
-
isoenzyme AS-b is inhibited 97% by 0.020 mM, isoenzyme AS-a is inhibited 66% by 0.020 mM
L-Trp
-
noncompetitive with respect to L-Gln, inhibitory effect increases with rising pH
L-Trp
-
strain with a anthanilate synthase that is insensitive to feedback inhibition by Trp, the 61st nucleotide, C to A substitution, that changes Pro21 to Ser is the cause of the desensitization to feedback inhibition by Trp
L-Trp
-
competitive with respect to chorismate; noncompetitive with respect to NH4+ and Gln
L-Trp
-
feedback-inhibition, IC50: 0.0063 mM for wild-type enzyme, 0.0933 mM for mutant S126F, 0.0316 mM for mutant Y367A, 0.0749 mM for mutant A369L, 0.101 mM for mutant Y367A/L530D and 0.0583 mM for mutant A369L/L530D
L-Trp
-
competitive with chorismate, noncompetitive with NH4+, reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
L-Trp
-
binding of a single inhibitor molecule to one TrpE subunit of the TrpE2-TrpD2 complex is sufficient for the propagation of a conformational change that affects the active site of the companion subunit; feedback inhibition
PCMB
-
reaction of component I with NH4+ as substrate
tryptophan
-
the enzyme is competitively but non-cooperatively inhibited by tryptophan
additional information
-
subunit ASA2 is insensitive to tryptophan feedback inhibition
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
activation mechanism of anthranilate synthase, overview
-
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Foot-and-Mouth Disease
Translational fusions with fragments of the trpE gene improve the expression of a poorly expressed heterologous gene in Escherichia coli.
Infections
Induction of serotonin biosynthesis is uncoupled from the coordinated induction of tryptophan biosynthesis in pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum) upon pathogen infection.
Infections
Isolation and genetic characterization of the nitA mutants of Escherichia coli affecting the termination factor rho.
Mouth Diseases
Translational fusions with fragments of the trpE gene improve the expression of a poorly expressed heterologous gene in Escherichia coli.
Protein Deficiency
Manipulation of amino acid composition in soybean seeds by the combination of deregulated tryptophan biosynthesis and storage protein deficiency.
Starvation
Regulation of tryptophan biosynthesis in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum Marburg.
Tuberculosis
Gut Microbiota Metabolite Indole Propionic Acid Targets Tryptophan Biosynthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Mechanism of Fluorinated Anthranilate-Induced Growth Inhibition in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Tuberculosis
Purification and characterization of anthranilate synthase component I (TrpE) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
Tuberculosis
Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to indole 4-carboxamides occurs through alterations in drug metabolism and tryptophan biosynthesis.
Tuberculosis
Structure and inhibition of subunit I of the anthranilate synthase complex of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and expression of the active complex.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.062
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, S126F/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.003
chorismate
-
in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 20 mM L-glutamine, and 10 mM MgCl2, at 60°C
0.049
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, S126F mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.09
chorismate
-
two-component enzyme, ASI,ASII, with ammonium as cosubstrate
0.11
chorismate
-
reaction of component I, with NH4+ as cosubstrate
0.023
chorismate
-
Gln-dependent enzyme that is composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits (I2II2)
0.076
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, Y367A mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.0039
chorismate
-
saturating Mg2+, pH 7.0, 25°C
0.039
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, A369L/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.058
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, Y367A/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.043
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, A369L mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.043
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, wild-type enzyme, anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.094
Gln
-
Gln-dependent enzyme that is composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits (I2II2)
0.0193
L-Gln
-
in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.5), 20 mM L-glutamine, and 10 mM MgCl2, at 60°C
2.5
L-glutamine
-
wild-type, at 25°C, in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with 20 mM L-glutamine and 5 mM MgCl2
3.6
L-glutamine
-
mutant Q147K, at 25°C, in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with 20 mM L-glutamine and 5 mM MgCl2
0.0093
NH4+
-
in 50 mM Tris buffer (pH 8.0), 50 mM NH4Cl, and 10 mM MgCl2, at 60°C
additional information
additional information
-
-
-
additional information
additional information
-
steady-state enzyme kinetics, overview
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
6.08
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, S126F/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.092
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, Y367A mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.25
chorismate
-
pH 8.0, 60°C, with or without 2 M KCl and 25% glycerol
0.22
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, A369L mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.49
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, Y367A/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.108
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, S126F mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.225
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, wild-type enzyme, anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.405
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, A369L/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
0.573
chorismate
-
pH 8.3, 32°C, S126F/L530D mutant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2
138
L-glutamine
-
wild-type, at 25°C, in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with 20 mM L-glutamine and 5 mM MgCl2
152
L-glutamine
-
mutant Q147K, at 25°C, in 100 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, with 20 mM L-glutamine and 5 mM MgCl2
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.11 - 0.25
(3-[[(5S)-6-([2-[6-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl]ethyl]amino)-5-[[2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl]phenoxy)acetic acid
0.03
(3S)-3-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]cyclohepta-1,6-diene-1-carboxylic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.29
(4R,5R)-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.041
1-(1-carboxy-ethyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.0053
1-(1-carboxy-ethyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carboxylate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.059
1-(2-carboxy-allyl)-2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-pyridine-4-carboxylate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.12
1-(2-carboxy-allyl)-6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carboxylate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.1
1-carboxymethyl -6-oxo-1,6-dihydro-pyridine-3-carboxylate
-
pH 7.0, 25°C
0.041
2-(3-(-(S)-5-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamido)-5-oxopentylcarbamoyl)-phenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.096
2-(3-(3-((R)-3-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamido)-3-oxopropylthio) propylcarbamoyl)phenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.028
3-(1-carboxyethoxy)-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.23
3-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.09
3-[(2-carboxyprop-2-en-1-yl)oxy]-4,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.2
N-((S)-1-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-1-oxopropan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamide
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.11
N-((S)-6-amino-1-((S)-1-amino-3-(3-chlorophenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-ylamino)-1-oxohexan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzamide
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.08
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(2,6-dimethoxybenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-hydroxy-4-nitro-L-phenylalaninamide
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.02 - 0.054
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-chloro-L-phenylalaninamide
0.028 - 0.081
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-4-cyano-L-phenylalaninamide
0.49 - 1.081
[3-([(5S)-5-[[(3-benzoylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
0.16 - 0.389
[3-([(5S)-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-[(3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
0.57 - 1.02
[3-([(5S)-6-[(4-carbamoyl-1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)amino]-6-oxo-5-[(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]hexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
2.6
(3-carbamoylphenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.76
(3-carbamoylphenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.25
(3-[[(5S)-6-([2-[6-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl]ethyl]amino)-5-[[2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl]phenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.11
(3-[[(5S)-6-([2-[6-(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)dibenzo[b,d]furan-4-yl]ethyl]amino)-5-[[2-(4-nitrophenyl)propanoyl]amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl]phenoxy)acetic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.03
3-(1-carboxyethoxy)-4-hydroxybenzoic acid
-
pH and temperature not specified in the publication
0.21
3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.55
3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.074
L-tryptophan
75°C, glutamine-dependent activity, competitive to chorismate
0.005
L-tryptophan
75°C, ammonia-dependent activity, competitive to chorismate
0.02
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-chloro-L-phenylalaninamide
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.054
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-3-chloro-L-phenylalaninamide
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.028
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-4-cyano-L-phenylalaninamide
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.081
N6-[3-(carboxymethoxy)benzoyl]-N2-(3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-nitrobenzoyl)-L-lysyl-4-cyano-L-phenylalaninamide
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.49
[3-([(5S)-5-[[(3-benzoylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
1.081
[3-([(5S)-5-[[(3-benzoylpyridin-2-yl)carbonyl]amino]-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.16
[3-([(5S)-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-[(3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.389
[3-([(5S)-6-[(1-carbamoylcyclohexyl)amino]-5-[(3,5-dihydroxybenzoyl)amino]-6-oxohexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
0.57
[3-([(5S)-6-[(4-carbamoyl-1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)amino]-6-oxo-5-[(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]hexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibition with respect to chorismate binding, pH 7.8, 25°C
1.02
[3-([(5S)-6-[(4-carbamoyl-1,1-dioxidotetrahydro-2H-thiopyran-4-yl)amino]-6-oxo-5-[(4-phenoxybenzoyl)amino]hexyl]carbamoyl)phenoxy]acetic acid
-
inhibitior binding to the enzyme-chorismate complex, pH 7.8, 25°C
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IC50 VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0063
L-Trp
Oryza sativa
-
feedback-inhibition, IC50: 0.0063 mM for wild-type enzyme, 0.0933 mM for mutant S126F, 0.0316 mM for mutant Y367A, 0.0749 mM for mutant A369L, 0.101 mM for mutant Y367A/L530D and 0.0583 mM for mutant A369L/L530D
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.6
8.5
8.7
8.8
additional information
-
NH4+-dependent activity increases linearly through pH 9.0 without reaching a maximum
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7 - 10
pH 7 20% relative activity, pH 10 60% relative activity
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 45
-
25°C: about 70% of maximal activity, 45°C: about 85% of maximal activity
30 - 37
incubation at temperatures higher than 37°C results in a significant reduction of activity
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
wild-type and 2 classes of mutants: one is defective in the chorismate-binding subunit E and is incapable of catalyzing the anthranilate synthetase reaction. The second class is defective in the G subunit but produces an active E subunit, this mutation results in a requirement for p-aminobenzoate in addition to anthranilate
-
-
brenda
L. cv. Shokan 1, induction with oligo-N-acetylchitooligosaccharide elicitors
-
-
brenda
Q06128: subunit TrpE, Q06129: subunit TrpG
UniProt
brenda
independent expression of subunits in Escherichia coli
UniProt
brenda
three-enzyme complex containing anthranilate synthetase, phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase
-
-
brenda
strain with a mutant anthranilate synthase Pro21Gln that is insensitive to feedback inhibition by Trp
-
-
brenda
multifunctional enzyme complex of anthranilate synthetase with phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase
-
-
brenda
two enzyme forms, one form is resistant to feedback inhibition by 0.01 mM Trp, the other form is completely inhibited by Trp at the same concentration
-
-
brenda
CCY 38-10-2, the organism contains an NH4-dependent enzyme (component I) and a Gln-dependent enzyme that is composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits (I2II2)
-
-
brenda
var. Donganbyeo, and mutant lines resistant to growth inhition by 5-methyltryptophan
-
-
brenda
anthranilate synthase phnAB, composed of glutamine amidotransferase component phnB (P09786) and anthranilate synthase component pyocyanine-specific phnA (P09785)
SwissProt
brenda
anthranilate synthase TrpEG, composed of glutamine amidotransferase component trpG (P20576) and anthanilate synthase component trpE (P20580); PA14, genes trpG, trpE
SwissProt
brenda
one anthranilate synthase participates in Trp synthesis and is encoded by the genes trpE and trpG, the other anthranilate synthase is encoded by the genes phnA and phnB and participates in the synthesis of pyocyanin
-
-
brenda
a high rutacridone producing cell line R-20 and low rutacrinone producing cell line R-15
-
-
brenda
Q06128: subunit TrpE, Q06129: subunit TrpG
UniProt
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
expression in Escherichia coli
-
-
brenda
multifunctional anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
-
-
brenda
multifunctional enzyme anthranilate synthase/N(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate synthase (ec 4.1.3.27/ec 2.4.2.18, or ASI/ASII)
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
normal cells and cells resistant to growth inhibition by DL-5-methyltryptophan
brenda
high activity in vascular region of yound stem, weak activity in older stem
brenda
additional information
CaASA1 mRNA is first detected at 2 days post imbibition and reaches a maximum at 6 days post imbibition
brenda
additional information
level of CaASA2 is constitutively low in Camptotheca acuminata and is found mainly in the reproductive tissues in transgenic tobacco plants
brenda
additional information
level of CaASA2 is constitutively low in Camptotheca acuminata and is found mainly in the reproductive tissues in transgenic tobacco plants
brenda
additional information
-
level of CaASA2 is constitutively low in Camptotheca acuminata and is found mainly in the reproductive tissues in transgenic tobacco plants
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
the enzyme is synthesized as a higher MW precursor and then imported into chloroplasts and processed into the mature form
-
brenda
-
subunit Asalpha is synthesized as a cytosolic precursor, the active subunit is localized in the stroma of plastids
-
brenda
additional information
-
the Trp-sensitive form is localized in particulate fraction
-
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
malfunction
metabolism
evolution
TrpE and PhnA sequences reveal the evolutionary relationships of each anthranilate synthase enzyme to those of other species, phylogenetic analysis and tree, overview. TrpEG are most closely related to anthranilate synthases from other members of the fluorescent pseudomonad family, while PhnAB are most closely related to anthranilate synthases from more distantly related organisms. The absence of a phnAB-like operon in other pseudomonads is evidence that PhnAB acquisition occurred after the family's diversification
additional information
-
the enzyme shows a mechanism of this tight activity regulation, catalytic Cys-His-Glu triad, molecular dynamics simulations, overview
physiological function
-
plastid transformed lines exhibit a higher level of anthranilate synthase activity that is less sensitive to tryptophan-feedback inhibition and, consequently, increases free tryptophan levels in leaves about 7fold. Overexpression of ASA2 gene does not result in any negative effects for the plants
physiological function
role of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 in penetration resistance to Blumeria graminis f. sp.hordei. HvCS, HvCM1, and HvASa2 contribute to mlo-mediated broad-spectrum resistance
physiological function
conversion of the central metabolite chorismate to anthranilate by anthranilate synthase is required for Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, PQS, biosynthesis. The reaction is also the first step in tryptophan biosynthesis
physiological function
-
enhanced cellular glutamine may account for the enhanced growth in glutamine synthase-expressing transgenic poplar plants through the regulation of auxin biosynthesis
physiological function
-
enzyme activity is required for indole-3-butyric acid-induced adventitious root formation
malfunction
-
mutation in strain trpD9923 (mutant in the tryptophan operon) results in the synthesis of a truncated anthranilate synthase component II protein, retaining the full glutamine amidotransferase domain and only seven of the 333 amino acid residues of the anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase domain. Mutation in the trpD gene causes the loss of anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase activity, but maintains anthranilate synthase activity, thus causing anthranilate accumulation
malfunction
Virus-induced gene silencing of HvCS, HvASa2, and HvCM1 increase formation of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei secondary hyphae but not conidiation in Mla6-mediated resistant plants
malfunction
phnAB mutants are tryptophan prototrophs but do not produce Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone in minimal media
malfunction
trpEG mutants are tryptophan auxotrophs but produce Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone
malfunction
Escherichia coli W3110 trpD9923
-
mutation in strain trpD9923 (mutant in the tryptophan operon) results in the synthesis of a truncated anthranilate synthase component II protein, retaining the full glutamine amidotransferase domain and only seven of the 333 amino acid residues of the anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase domain. Mutation in the trpD gene causes the loss of anthranilate phosphoribosyl transferase activity, but maintains anthranilate synthase activity, thus causing anthranilate accumulation
-
metabolism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses two functional anthranilate synthases, TrpEG and PhnAB, and these enzymes are not functionally redundant. They are involved in biosynthesis of Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, which regulates density-dependent production of toxic factors involved in Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. TrpED catalyzes the first step in tryptophan biosynthesis
metabolism
Pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses two functional anthranilate synthases, TrpEG and PhnAB, and these enzymes are not functionally redundant. They are involved in biosynthesis of Pseudomonas quinolone signal 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone, which regulates density-dependent production of toxic factors involved Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence. TrpED catalyzes the first step in tryptophan biosynthesis
metabolism
-
the enzyme catalyzes the initial step in the pathway for both tryptophan-dependent and tryptophan-independent pathways in the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, the transfer of the alpha-amino group of glutamine to chorismate producing anthranilate
metabolism
-
the enzyme catalyzes the initial step in the pathway for both tryptophan-dependent and tryptophan-independent pathways in the biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid, the transfer of the alpha-amino group of glutamine to chorismate producing anthranilate
metabolism
-
anthranilate synthase functions as rate-limiting factor for the biosynthesis of pyrroloquinazoline alkaloids
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
UNIPROT
ORGANISM
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
14000
-
1 * 14000 + 1 * 70000, gel filtration or sucrose density gradient centrifugation after separation of subunits
150000
160000
18000
20000
-
2 * 20000 + 2 * 50000, Gln-dependent enzyme, composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits, I2II2, gel filtration
200000
21100
1 * 57000 + 1 * 23000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 48500 + 1 * 21100, deduced from gene sequence
23000
1 * 57000 + 1 * 23000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 48500 + 1 * 21100, deduced from gene sequence
400000
-
three-enzyme complex containing anthranilate synthetase, phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase, gel filtration
48500
1 * 57000 + 1 * 23000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 48500 + 1 * 21100, deduced from gene sequence
50000
57000
1 * 57000 + 1 * 23000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 48500 + 1 * 21100, deduced from gene sequence
60000
70000
71000
80000
86000
-
gel filtration or sucrose density gradient centrifugation in presence of 30% glycerol
additional information
160000
-
Gln-dependent enzyme composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits (I2II2), gel filtration
200000
-
three-enzyme complex containing anthranilate synthetase, phosphoribosyl anthranilate isomerase and indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthetase, sucrose density gradient centrifugation
70000
-
1 * 14000 + 1 * 70000, gel filtration or sucrose density gradient centrifugation after separation of subunits
additional information
-
anthranilate synthetase component II has a MW of 21684 Da, determined by amino acid sequence analysis after separation of the two protein components
additional information
-
anthranilate synthetase component II has a MW of 21684 Da, determined by amino acid sequence analysis after separation of the two protein components
additional information
-
anthranilate synthetase component II has a MW of 21684 Da, determined by amino acid sequence analysis after separation of the two protein components
additional information
-
the beta-subunit has a MW of 84000 Da determined by SDS-PAGE
additional information
experimental value between 84 and 95 kDa
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
dimer
heterodimer
heterotetramer
monomer
tetramer
additional information
?
-
x * 60000-65000 + x + 60000-65000, Asalpha-subunit and Asbeta-subunit are of a similar MW
dimer
-
1 * 14000 + 1 * 70000, gel filtration or sucrose density gradient centrifugation after separation of subunits
heterodimer
1 * 57000 + 1 * 23000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 48500 + 1 * 21100, deduced from gene sequence
heterotetramer
association of 2 * enzyme + 2 * glutamine amidotransferase, crystallographic data
heterotetramer
-
2 * 47743 + 2 * 21913, deduced from amino acid sequence
heterotetramer
-
2 * 47743 + 2 * 21913, deduced from amino acid sequence
-
heterotetramer
-
association of 2 * enzyme + 2 * glutamine amidotransferase, crystallographic data
-
heterotetramer
-
crystallographic data
tetramer
-
2 * 20000 + 2 * 50000, Gln-dependent enzyme, composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits, I2II2, gel filtration
additional information
-
the large component from Bacillus subtilis (IB) complements well with the small component from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IIP) to reconstitute a glutamine-reactive anthranilate synthase. Complementation was also observed with the large component from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Iv) and the small subunit from Bacillus subtilis (IIB)
additional information
-
one subunit is a trifunctional peptide which contains the catalytic sites for phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase and indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase reactions, and associates with the second subunit to form Gln-dependent anthranilate synthetase
additional information
-
recombinant alpha-subunit interacts with native beta-subunit to form an active enzyme
additional information
-
the organism contains an NH4-dependent enzyme, i.e. component I, and a Gln-dependent enzyme that is composed of 2 NH4+-dependent subunits and of 2 amidotransferase subunits, i.e. I2II2
additional information
-
the large component from Bacillus subtilis (IB) complements well with the small component from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (IIP) to reconstitute a glutamine-reactive anthranilate synthase. Complementation was also observed with the large component from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Iv) and the small subunit from Bacillus subtilis (IIB)
additional information
-
glutamine, 10 mM, enhances binding of AS I and II, as does Mg2+. ASI and ASII play a joint role in the binding of L-Gln, negligible binding to either component alone
additional information
-
component I has a MW of 63000 Da, gel filtration
additional information
-
multifunctional anthranilate synthetase-anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase
additional information
-
multifunctional enzyme anthranilate synthase/N(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate synthase, EC 4.1.3.27/EC 2.4.2.18, or ASI/ASII. ASI, is encoded by the gene TrpE and catalyzes the formation of anthranilate from chorismate and NH4+ as an independent subunit and from chorismate and Gln, when complexed with ASII. ASII consists of a glutamine amidotransferase domain, TrpG, which enables the complex to utilize Gln as an NH4+ source and an N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate synthase domain, which catalyzes the production of N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate from anthranilate and (5-phosphoribosyl)anthranilate
additional information
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partial complex anthranilate synthase consists of two TrpE:TrpG heterodimers
additional information
-
subunit ASI catalyzes NH4+-dependent synthesis of anthranilate. Gln is not a substrate for ASI. ASII provides Gln-amide transfer function
additional information
Serratia marcescens HY150
-
subunit ASI catalyzes NH4+-dependent synthesis of anthranilate. Gln is not a substrate for ASI. ASII provides Gln-amide transfer function
-
additional information
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the 72000 Da subunit converts chorismate to anthranilate using NH4+. The 28000 Da subunit confers the enzyme the ability to use Gln instead of NH4+ as substrate
additional information
Streptomyces sp. 3022a
-
the 72000 Da subunit converts chorismate to anthranilate using NH4+. The 28000 Da subunit confers the enzyme the ability to use Gln instead of NH4+ as substrate
-
additional information
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synthase subunit TrpE and glutaminase subunit TrpG
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CRYSTALLIZATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 150 mM trisodium citrate pH 5.5, 0.75-1.5 M ammonium sulfate, 0.25-0.5 M lithium sulfate
in complex with allosteric inhibitor L-tryptophan
-
in complex with chorismate, glutamine and glutamate and in complex with L-tryptophan
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
N351A
-
increased sensitivity to Trp feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 mutant
N351D
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
Y349A
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
Y349F
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
A380S
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
L520F
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
L530D
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 enhances catalytic activity
N363A
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
N363D
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
P364A
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
P364L
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
P366A
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
G518A
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
A532Y
-
mutation of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 abolishes activity
G522A
-
increased sensitivity to Trp feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 mutant
G522Y
-
increased sensitivity to Trp feedback inhibition of anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit OASA2 mutant
Y367A/L530D
-
accumulation of free Trp in cells expressing the mutant OASA2 is 2.3fold of that of cells expressing wild-type D126F /L530D
P362L
-
TrpD subunit, enzyme is able to generate phosphoribosyl amine from ammonia and phosphoribosyl diphosphate
Q147K
-
does not exhibit anthranilate synthase activity. Using (NH4)2SO4, 29% of the wild-type activity is restored to the mutant, with anthranilate representing 97% of all products. Employs water as a nucleophile to a small extent
T129A
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant shows no activity with glutamine in absence of TrpE like the wild-type enzyme
L126G
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant constitutively hydrolyzes glutamine in the absence of TrpE in contrast to the wild-type enzyme
V127Y
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant shows no activity with glutamine in absence of TrpE like the wild-type enzyme
T129Y
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant constitutively hydrolyzes glutamine in the absence of TrpE in contrast to the wild-type enzyme
Y131V
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant shows no activity with glutamine in absence of TrpE like the wild-type enzyme
L126G/V127Y/T129Y/Y131V
-
site-directed mutagenesis of anthranilate synthase glutaminase subunit TrpG residues, the mutant constitutively hydrolyzes glutamine in the absence of TrpE in contrast to the wild-type enzyme
T129F
-
site-directed mutagenesis of a residue of the glutaminase subunit TrpG from anthranilate synthase, the mutant constitutively hydrolyzes glutamine in the absence of TrpE in contrast to the wild-type enzyme
R321H
-
Km-value is increased 3fold to 4fold compared to the value for the wild-type enzyme, little effect on turnover number
R358H
-
Km-value is increased 3fold to 4fold compared to the value for the wild-type enzyme, little effect on turnover number
R429H
-
similar Km value to the wild-type enzyme and a slightly larger turnover number
additional information
additional information
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the trpE-mutant is created by deletion of the fragment between positions +64 and +926 in the trpE coding region and replacement with the 1.2 kb Km resistance fragment from plasmid pUC4K, the mutant shows a marked inhibition by L-tryptophan compared to the wild type strain
additional information
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the trpE1(G)-mutant is created by deleting a DNA segment containing the N-terminal portion (from the 2nd codon to 374th codon) of the trpE1(G) gene by PCR amplification of chromosomal sequences flanking the trpE1(G) locus in wild type strain Yu62, the mutant shows no inhibition by L-tryptophan compared to the wild type strain
additional information
-
the trpE-mutant is created by deletion of the fragment between positions +64 and +926 in the trpE coding region and replacement with the 1.2 kb Km resistance fragment from plasmid pUC4K, the mutant shows a marked inhibition by L-tryptophan compared to the wild type strain
-
additional information
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the trpE1(G)-mutant is created by deleting a DNA segment containing the N-terminal portion (from the 2nd codon to 374th codon) of the trpE1(G) gene by PCR amplification of chromosomal sequences flanking the trpE1(G) locus in wild type strain Yu62, the mutant shows no inhibition by L-tryptophan compared to the wild type strain
-
additional information
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construction of an L-tryptophan overproducing Escherichia coli strain from strain JM109 by defined genetic modification methodology via elimination of feedback inhibitions of 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (AroF) and anthranilate synthase by site-directed mutagenesis. Expression of deregulated AroF and TrpED is achieved by using a temperature-inducible expression plasmid pSV. Transcriptional regulation of trp repressor is removed by deleting trpR. The pathway for L-Trp degradation is removed by deleting tnaA. L-Phenylalanine and L-tyrosine biosynthesis pathways that compete with L-tryptophan biosynthesis are blocked by deleting their critical genes, pheA and tyrA. L-Phe, L-Tyr, and L-Trp accumulate in the culture medium, phenotype, overview
additional information
Escherichia coli W3110 / ATCC 27325
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construction of an L-tryptophan overproducing Escherichia coli strain from strain JM109 by defined genetic modification methodology via elimination of feedback inhibitions of 3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (AroF) and anthranilate synthase by site-directed mutagenesis. Expression of deregulated AroF and TrpED is achieved by using a temperature-inducible expression plasmid pSV. Transcriptional regulation of trp repressor is removed by deleting trpR. The pathway for L-Trp degradation is removed by deleting tnaA. L-Phenylalanine and L-tyrosine biosynthesis pathways that compete with L-tryptophan biosynthesis are blocked by deleting their critical genes, pheA and tyrA. L-Phe, L-Tyr, and L-Trp accumulate in the culture medium, phenotype, overview
-
additional information
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tobacco leaves fed with 30 mM glutamine and 2 mM chorismate produce significantly enhanced ASA alpha-subunit (ASA1) transcript and protein, approximately 175% and 90% higher than in the untransformed controls, respectively
additional information
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tryptophan decarboxylase inactivity is a contributory factor for the accumulation of Trp in rice transgenics overexpressing the feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit mutant OASA1D, high-Trp transgenic line overexpressing OASA1D line HW5 phenotype, overview. The calli expressing OsTDC and OASA1D reveal the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin-derived indole compounds (potentially pharmacoactive beta-carbolines), and of two epimers of 2-hydroxy-3-(3'-aminoethyl-5'-hydroxyindol-2'-yl)-3-indol-3'-yl-propyl beta-D-glucopyranoside not described previously. Metabolic profiles, overview
additional information
Oryza sativa Nipponbare
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tryptophan decarboxylase inactivity is a contributory factor for the accumulation of Trp in rice transgenics overexpressing the feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit mutant OASA1D, high-Trp transgenic line overexpressing OASA1D line HW5 phenotype, overview. The calli expressing OsTDC and OASA1D reveal the accumulation of serotonin and serotonin-derived indole compounds (potentially pharmacoactive beta-carbolines), and of two epimers of 2-hydroxy-3-(3'-aminoethyl-5'-hydroxyindol-2'-yl)-3-indol-3'-yl-propyl beta-D-glucopyranoside not described previously. Metabolic profiles, overview
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additional information
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leaves of transgenic poplar with ectopic expression of the pine cytosolic glutamine synthetase, GS1a, EC 6.3.1.2, produce significantly more glutamine and significantly enhanced ASA alpha-subunit (ASA1) transcript and protein, approximately 130% and 120% higher than in the untransformed controls, respectively. L-Glutamate, tryptophan, and 4-aminobutanoate are also significantly enhanced in the GS1a transgenic poplars
additional information
-
a mutant enzyme that has a considerable portion of its coding sequence deleted and replaced by a tetracycline resistance gene is not feedback inhibited by Trp
additional information
construction of several different trpE and phnAB knockout mutants. DELTAtrpE tryptophan auxotrophy is dependent upon phnAB expression. Overexpression of either anthranilate synthase complements the loss of the other
additional information
construction of several different trpE and phnAB knockout mutants. DELTAtrpE tryptophan auxotrophy is dependent upon phnAB expression. Overexpression of either anthranilate synthase complements the loss of the other
additional information
-
construction of several different trpE and phnAB knockout mutants. DELTAtrpE tryptophan auxotrophy is dependent upon phnAB expression. Overexpression of either anthranilate synthase complements the loss of the other
additional information
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in contrast to wild-type TrpG, two TrpG variants with single exchanges constitutively hydrolyze glutamine in the absence of TrpE. The introduced amino acid exchanges result in a distance reduction between the active site Cys-His pair, which facilitates the deprotonation of the sulfhydryl group of the catalytic cysteine and thus enables its nucleophilic attack onto the carboxamide group of the glutamine side chain, molecular dynamics simulations, overview
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 85
-
activity steadily increases with the rising of temperature in the range 25°C to 85°C, the enzyme is fully active above 85°C
75
-
half-life in presence of 25% glycerol without KCl: 4.6 min, in 25% glycerol with 2 M KCl activity is constant for over 4 h after initial drop in activity to 83%
80
-
half-life in presence of 25% glycerol without KCl: 1.2 min, half-life in presence of 25% glycerol and 2 M KCl: 200 min
85
-
half-life in presence of 25% glycerol without KCl: 0.9 min, half-life in presence of 25% glycerol and 2 M KCl: 50 min
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
1 mM dithiothreitol and 50 mM L-glutamine have a stabilizing effect each
-
anthranilate synthetase activity of the enzyme complex is quite unstable unless Gln, MgCl2, Tris and glycerol are included in the extraction buffer
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
-20°C, in a 1:1 mixture of glycerol, 50 mM tricine, pH 7.5,1 mM DTT, 0.1 mM EDTA, additional protein bands appear upon storage, after an initial 10 â15% drop in activity, little or no loss of enzyme activity is observed over a period of several weeks
-
-80°C, 20 mM KH2PO4 buffer, 50 mM KCl, 1 mM DTT, pH 7.5
-
2°C or -10°C, activity declines to 3400 or 4000 units per mg and remains constant for several months
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography
-
L-Trp-agarose in the purification of the anthranilate synthetase complex
-
Ni-NTA column chromatography and Superdex 200 gel filtration
partial
partial, from a high rutacridone producing cell line R-20 and from a low rutacrinone producing cell line R-15
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recombinant wild-type and mutant His-tagged enzymes from Escherichia coli by nickel affinity and anion exchange chromatography
-
using Ni-NTA His-binding resin, the 6xHis-tag is removed by digestion with enterokinase
wild-type and mutant purified by hydroxyapatite chromatography
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
alpha subunit (with a point mutation to confer feedback resistance to tryptophan) expressed in hairy root of Catharanthus roseus
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cDNA(OASA1D) and the promoter of the maize ubiquitin gene is subcloned into pYT8C-Hm to generate pUASA1D, which also contains hpt as a selectable marker gene. For potato transformation, the vector p35SASA1D is constructed from pIG121-Hm, which contains the selectable marker genes hpt and nptII controlled by the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus, by replacing the beta-glucuronidase gene with the OASA1D cDNA
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cloning of the genes phnA and phnB of the anthranilate synthase that participates in the synthesis of pyocyanin
-
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expression in Escherichia coli
expression of gene trpE in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)RIPL and of wild-type and mutant genes trpGD and trpG in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)Rosetta, all as N- and C-terminally His6-tagged proteins
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expression of OASA1D/N323 in Solanum tuberosum induces a 2fold to 20fold increase in the amount of Trp
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gene phnAB, phylogenetic analysis, cloning in Escherichia coli strain Dh5alpha, enzyme expression in an enzyme-deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Overexpression of anthranilate synthase genes trpE and phnAB results in pathway crosstalk, overview
gene trpE, phylogenetic analysis, cloning in Escherichia coli strain Dh5alpha, enzyme expression in an enzyme-deficient Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain. Overexpression of anthranilate synthase genes trpE and phnAB results in pathway crosstalk, overview
into the BSMVm:gamma vector, the UbiNos_2-3 vector is used to express HvASa2. Into the hairpin vector pIPKTA30, hairpin construct co-bombarded with a Ubi:GUS expression vector into barley epidermal cells
into the vector pET30a for expression in Escherichia coli BL21DE3 cells
into vector pAST-IV containing a 1671 bp long modified version of the ASA2 gene without a putative transit peptide and with an ASA2 3'-non-coding region (204 bp) as the termination sequence. Expression cassette containing Prrn-ASA2 integrated into the region between accD and ycf4 of the tobacco plastome
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isolation of beta-subunit genes OASB1 and OASB2 and synthesis of each anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit (IASA1 and OASA2) and beta-subunit (OASB1 and OASB2) in wheat germ cell-free system
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mutant anthanilate synthase Pro21Ser that is insensitive to feedback inhibition by Trp
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partial complex anthranilate synthase expressed in Escherichia coli CB694
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phylogenetic analysis, Agrobacterium-mediated co-overexpression of OsTDC, a putative tryptophan decarboxylase gene from rice, with OASA1D, the feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase alpha-subunit mutant in Oryza sativa calli, real-time quantitative reverse-transcription PCR expression analysis
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quantitative real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
transformation of Nicotiana tabacum with the ASA2 cDNA clone from Nicotiana tabacum driven by the CaMV 35S promoter and selected with kanamycin to obtain transformants that might be expressing ASA2
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wild-type and mutant overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells (strain CB694) harboring the pSTC25 plasmid
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expression in Escherichia coli