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UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-L-fucosidase
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-methyl D-mannoside
UMP + 6-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho)-alpha-methyl D-mannoside
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-methyl-D-mannoside
UMP + 6-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho)-alpha-methyl D-mannoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-hexosaminidase
UMP + ?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin A
UMP + ?
-
capthepsin A and cathepsin D have one closely related phosphotransferase recognition site represented by a structurally and topologically conserved beta-hairpin loop
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + DNase I
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-cathepsin Z D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-cathepsin Z N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + Man9GlcNAc1 oligosaccharide
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside
UMP + methyl (6-O-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphospho)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + NPC2
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ovalbumin
UMP + ?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + pro-tripeptidyl peptidase
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ribonuclease B
UMP + ?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + RNase B
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + soybean agglutinin
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + thyroglobulin
UMP + ?
-
weak activity
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + UDP-glucose
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
UMP + ?
additional information
?
-
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-methyl D-mannoside
UMP + 6-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho)-alpha-methyl D-mannoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-methyl D-mannoside
UMP + 6-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho)-alpha-methyl D-mannoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + alpha-methyl D-mannoside
UMP + 6-(N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho)-alpha-methyl D-mannoside
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-hexosaminidase
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + beta-hexosaminidase
UMP + ?
-
the alpha-chain of beta-hexosaminidase is a poorer acceptor than the beta-chain, and the beta chain in the B isoenzyme is a better acceptor than the beta-chain in the A isoenzyme
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
-
substitution of two lysines (E203K/E267K) of the substrate cathepsin D stimulates mannose phosphorylation 116fold. Subtitution of additional residues in the beta loop particularly lysines, increase phosphorylation 4fold further
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + cathepsin D
UMP + ?
-
capthepsin A and cathepsin D have one closely related phosphotransferase recognition site represented by a structurally and topologically conserved beta-hairpin loop
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
localization of tagged protein products in the Golgi of wild-type and mutant enzymes expressing HeLa cells, overview
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
initial enzyme in biosynthesis of mannose 6-phosphate
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
substrates are lysosomal acid hydrolases
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
the specificity of the reaction is determined by the ability of the alpha/beta subunits to recognize a conformation-dependent protein determinant present on the acid hydrolases, the DNA methyltransferase-associated protein (DMAP) interaction domain of the alpha subunit functions in this recognition process. Recombinant GST-DMAP domain pulls down several acid hydrolases, but not nonlysosomal glycoproteins
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + lysosomal-enzyme D-mannose
UMP + lysosomal-enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyl-phospho-D-mannose
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside
UMP + methyl (6-O-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphospho)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl alpha-D-mannopyranoside
UMP + methyl (6-O-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminylphospho)-alpha-D-mannopyranoside
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + methyl-alpha-D-mannoside
UMP + N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-phospho-(methyl-alpha-D-mannoside)
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ovalbumin
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ovalbumin
UMP + ?
-
weak activity
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ribonuclease B
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + ribonuclease B
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + uteroferrin
UMP + ?
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme catalyzes the initial step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate determinant required for efficient intracellular targeting of newly synthesized lysosomal hydrolase to the lysosome
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is specific for lysosomally destined acceptor glycoproteins
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme catalyzes modification of lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6-phosphate. This modification is catalyzed by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. The modified lysosomal enzymes are then targeted to the lysosome
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme catalyzes modification of lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6-phosphate. This modification is catalyzed by UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. The modified lysosomal enzymes are then targeted to the lysosome
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2/SCARB2) is a mannose 6-phosphate-independent trafficking receptor for beta-glucocerebrosidase and no substrate of the enzyme, M6P-independent lysosomal sorting of LIMP-2, overview. beta-Glucocerebrosidase is also no substrate for the enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the critical step in lysosomal targeting of soluble lysosomal enzymes is the recognition by an UDP-N-acetylglucosamine:lysosomal enzyme-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
UDPglucose is also a substrate with a catalytic efficiency about 12fold worse than UDP-GlcNAc. The enzyme phosphorylates lysosomal enzymes in an in vitro assay at least 100fold more efficiently than either other glycoproteins with similar carbohydrate chains or free oligosaccharides
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the recognition and catalytic site of the phosphotransferase are located on different subunits
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phosphorylated recognition markers in lysosomal enzymes appear to be synthesized by transfer of alpha-N-acetylglucosamine 1-phosphate groups to C6 hydroxyl of mannose residues in glycosylated enzyme precursors and a subsequent hydrolysis from the diester groups of the N-acetylglucosamine residue
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + arylsulfatase A
additional information
-
-
binding of arylsulfatase A to the phosphotransferase is not restricted to a limited surface area but involves the simultaneous recognition of large parts of arylsulfatase A
-
-
?
UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine + arylsulfatase A
additional information
-
-
mature arylsulfatase A from human urine
formation of GlcNAc(alpha1)phospho(6)mannose diesters in high mannose oligosaccharides in arylsulfatase A
?
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malfunction
-
30% of the acid hydrolases of gamma gene knockout mice brain are phosphorylated at levels equivalent to that in wild-type brain, although 25% are poorly phosphorylated compared to wild-type. The rest of the acid hydrolases of the gamma-deficient sample are phosphorylated at an intermediate level. This shows that some acid hydrolases are highly dependent on the presence of the gamma subunit to acquire the Man-6-P, although others are well phosphorylated by the alpha/beta subunits alone
malfunction
-
deletion of the Alg14 N-terminal region causes a severe growth defect at high temperature. Malfunction can be partially complemented by overexpression of Alg7
malfunction
-
extracts of two mutant cell lines transfer UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine to mannose residues at less than 5% the wild type value. In addition, the lysosomal hydrolases of these mutant clones fail to bind to a cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor affinity column
malfunction
loss of function results in impaired lysosomal targeting of these acid hydrolases and decreased lysosomal degradation. Two mucolipidosis III patient missense mutations, Lys4Gln and Ser15Tyr, in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the alpha-subunit of phosphotransferase impair retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi complex. This results in mistargeting of the mutant enzymes to lysosomes, where they are degraded, or to the cell surface and release into the medium. The mislocalization of the active enzymes is the basis for mucolipidosis III alphabeta in a subset of patients
malfunction
mucolipidoses II and III (ML II and MLIII) are lysosomal disorders in which the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker is absent from lysosomal hydrolases and other glycoproteins due to mutations in GNPTAB, which encodes two of three subunits of the heterohexameric enzyme, N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. Both disorders are caused by the same gene, but ML II represents the more severe phenotype. Bone manifestations of ML II include hip dysplasia, scoliosis, rickets and osteogenesis imperfecta, phhentype overview. A recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (AAV2/8-GNPTAB) confers high and prolonged gene expression of GNPTAB and thereby influence the pathology in the cartilage and bone tissue of a GNPTAB knock out (KO) mouse model. AAV8-mediated expression of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphate transferase attenuates bone loss in a mouse model of mucolipidosis II with significant increases in bone mineral density and content
malfunction
mucolipidosis II (MLII) and III alpha/beta are autosomal-recessive diseases of childhood caused by mutations in GNPTAB encoding the alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complex. Biological significance of eight selected disease-causing GNPTAB mutations found in MLII and MLIII alpha/beta patients in Brazil, overview. The frameshift E757KfsX1 and the non-sense R587X mutations result in a severe clinical phenotype in homozygosity. In addition to the loss of combinatorial cytosolic targeting motifs, luminal missense mutations located in the stealth region 2 of the alpha-subunit impair the transport of the alpha/beta-subunit precursor to the Golgi apparatus
malfunction
recombinant GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase containing a missense mutation in the DMAP interaction domain (Lys732Asn) identified in a patient with mucolipidosis II exhibits full activity toward the simple sugar alpha-methyl D-mannoside but impaired phosphorylation activity toward acid hydrolases, recombinant expression of the K732N mutant in a zebrafish model of mucolipidosis II fails to correct the phenotypic abnormalities
malfunction
-
some mutations in the Stealth domain harboring the catalytic site greatly impaires the activity of the enzyme without affecting its Golgi localization and proteolytic processing. Missense mutations in conserved cysteine residues in the Notch repeat 1 domain do not affect the catalytic activity but impair mannose phosphorylation of certain lysosomal hydrolases
malfunction
some mutations in the Stealth domain harboring the catalytic site greatly impaires the activity of the enzyme without affecting its Golgi localization and proteolytic processing. Missense mutations in conserved cysteine residues in the Notch repeat 1 domain do not affect the catalytic activity but impair mannose phosphorylation of certain lysosomal hydrolases
malfunction
the lysosomal storage disorder ML III gamma is caused by defects in the gamma subunit of UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. In patients with this disorder, most of the newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes are secreted rather than being sorted to lysosomes, resulting in increased levels of these enzymes in the plasma. Several missense mutations in GNPTG, the gene encoding the gamma subunit, are reported in mucolipidosis III gamma patients. gamma-Subunit deficient HeLa cells have greatly reduced levels of many lysosomal acid hydrolases compared with the parental HeLa cells and display a lysosomal storage phenotype
physiological function
the enzyme mediates the initial step in the addition of the mannose 6-phosphate targeting signal on newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes, which serves to direct the lysosomal enzymes to lysosomes. GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase is able to distinguish the about 60 lysosomal enzymes from the numerous nonlysosomal glycoproteins with identical Asn-linked glycans, that lack a common structural motif. The two Notch repeat modules and the DNA methyltransferase-associated protein interaction domain of the alpha-subunit are key components of this recognition process. Different combinations of these domains are involved in binding to individual lysosomal enzymes. In the majority of instances the mannose 6-phosphate receptor homology domain of the gamma-subunit is required for optimal phosphorylation, the gamma-binding site is located on the alpha-subunit, the gamma-subunit binds to amino acids 535-694 of the alpha-subunit
physiological function
the enzyme modifies lysosomal hydrolases with mannose 6-phosphate targeting signals. The proteolytic cleavage of alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein is a prerequisite for the catalytic activity of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase and therefore plays an important role in the biogenesis of lysosomes
physiological function
the enzyme tags lysosomal enzymes with the mannose 6-phosphate lysosomal targeting signal. The gamma-subunit is required for efficient phosphorylation of a subset of the lysosomal enzymes
physiological function
-
the enzyme UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase is involved in lysosomal enzyme recognition. UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase tags newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers, which are required for their targeting to the endolysosomal system
physiological function
the enzyme UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase is involved in lysosomal enzyme recognition. UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase tags newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6-phosphate recognition markers, which are required for their targeting to the endolysosomal system
physiological function
the Golgi-localized enzyme mediates the first step in the synthesis of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition marker on lysosomal acid hydrolases
physiological function
UDP-GlcNAc:lysosomal enzyme N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase mediates the initial step in the formation of the mannose 6-phosphate recognition signal on lysosomal acid hydrolases. The DMAP interaction domain of the alpha subunit functions in the selective recognition of acid hydrolase substrates
physiological function
in fibroblasts Gnpt knockout mice mimicking the lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis III, the cleavage of the alphabeta-precursor is not affected by Gnptg deficiency, while the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity is significantly reduced. 29 soluble lysosomal proteins exhibit differential abundance in Gnptg knockout fibroblasts. A subset of these lysosomal enzymes show also reduced mannose 6-phosphate modifications, fail to reach lysosomes and are secreted. Low levels of these enzymes correlate with the accumulation of non-degraded fucose-containing glycostructures and sulfated glycosaminoglycans in Gnptg knockout lysosomes
physiological function
removal of the spacer-1 domain (residues 86-322) abrogates the normal cleavage of the precursor at K928 in the early Golgi by site-1 protease results but in cleavage almost exclusively at a second site-1 protease consensus sequence located upstream of K928. GlcNAc-1-PT lacking spacer-1 exhibits enhanced phosphorylation of several non-lysosomal glycoproteins, while the phosphorylation of lysosomal acid hydrolases is not altered
additional information
-
identification of domains of the enzyme involved in catalytic function, overview
additional information
identification of domains of the enzyme involved in catalytic function, overview
additional information
-
identification of domains of the enzyme involved in catalytic function, overview
additional information
the lysosomal integral membrane protein type 2 (LIMP-2/SCARB2) is a mannose 6-phosphate-independent trafficking receptor for beta-glucocerebrosidase and no substrate of the enzyme, M6P-independent lysosomal sorting of LIMP-2, overview
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C447Y
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the catalytic activity of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. Enzyme-deficient embryos rescued with C447Y mRNA only corrects 84% of mutational features, and embryos rescued with the mutant mRNA appear visually different, i.e. shorter, from embryos rescued with wild-type mRNA
C473S
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutation does not affect the catalytic activity of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. Enzyme-deficient embryos rescued with C473S mRNA only corrects 80% of mutational features, and embryos rescued with the mutant mRNA appear visually different, i.e. shorter, from embryos rescued with wild-type mRNA
A34P
missense mutation of the alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis II, mutation impairs retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi with concomitant mistargeting to endosomes/lysosomes
A592T
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, that has no effect on the mutant enzyme
A955V
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
A955V/K928R
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
C142S
-
mutant expressed as dimer
C142Y
naturally occuring mutation of the gamma-subunit that causes misfolding of the gamma-subunit, the misfolded protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it forms aggregates, and fails to rescue the lysososmal targeting of lysosomal acid glycosidases
C157S
-
mutant expressed as dimer
C157S/C245S
-
mutant can be detected as 36 kDa monomeric form but not as a dimer
C169S
-
mutant expressed as dimer
C245S
-
mutant can be detected as 36 kDa monomeric form but not as a dimer. Mutant is localised in the Golgi apparatus, indicating that dimerization is not essential for endoplasmic reticulum exit of the gamma-subunit. Monomeric C245S mutant does not assemble with endogenous GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase 1 subunits
C442Y
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the Notch 1 mutant is efficiently delivered to the Golgi complex and the alphabeta precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage
C461G
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the Notch 1 mutant is efficiently delivered to the Golgi complex and the alphabeta precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage
C468S
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the Notch 1 mutant is efficiently delivered to the Golgi complex and the alphabeta precursor undergoes proteolytic cleavage
C523R
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
C84S
-
mutant expressed as dimer
C84S/C157S
-
mutant expressed as dimer
C84S/C157S/C245S
-
mutant can be detected as 36 kDa monomeric form but not as a dimer
D1018G
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
D190V
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
D407A
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant in the Stealth domain trafficks to the Golgi
D407A/A663G
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
E36P
missense mutation of the alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis III, mutation impairs retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi with concomitant mistargeting to endosomes/lysosomes
F24V
missense mutation of the alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis III, mutation impairs retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi with concomitant mistargeting to endosomes/lysosomes
F374L
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
G106S
naturally occuring mutation of the gamma-subunit that causes misfolding of the gamma-subunit, the misfolded protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it forms aggregates, and fails to rescue the lysososmal targeting of lysosomal acid glycosidases
G126S
naturally occuring mutation of the gamma-subunit that causes misfolding of the gamma-subunit, the misfolded protein is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it forms aggregates, and fails to rescue the lysososmal targeting of lysosomal acid glycosidases
G26D
missense mutation of the alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis III, mutation impairs retention of the catalytically active enzyme in the Golgi with concomitant mistargeting to endosomes/lysosomes
G575R
naturally occuring missense mutation identified in Brazilian mucolipidosis MLII/MLIII alpha/beta patients. The mutant shows 3% of wild-type activity
H956Y
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
I348L
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant behaves similar to the wild-type enzyme
K1236A/R1237A/K1238A
mutant containing a mutation of C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum export motif mainly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker protein but fails to co-distribute with the endoplasmic reticulum protein marker
L1001P
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant partially exits from the endoplasmic reticulum and is almost inactive
L1054V
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
L5A/L6A
replacement of the N-terminal dileucine motif with alanine residues results in a significant reduction of the PT alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein cleavage. Densitometric evaluation of intensities of immunoreactive bands show that the formation of the beta-subunit is reduced by 46% compared with the wild-type construct. Mutant mainly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker protein but fails to co-distribute with the endoplasmic reticulum protein marker
L5A/L6A/R1253A/I1254A/R1255A
double mutant containing a mutation of N-terminal and C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum export motif shows a strong inhibitory effect on cleavage of the PT alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein. Mutation leads to retention in the endoplasmic reticulum
L5A/L6A/R1253L/I1254L/R1255X
the transfer of the dileucine motif to the C-terminal domain replacing the dibasic-based motif 1253RIR1255 in combination with the substitution of the N-terminal dileucine motif, blocks the endoplasmic exit and the subsequent proteolytic cleavage to mature PT beta-subunit
L5R/L6R/R1253A/I1254A/R1255A
substitution of the N-terminal L-Leu/L-Leu motif by dibasic-based motifs RIR or RR in combination with alanine substitution of the C-terminal motif prevents the alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein from reaching the Golgi apparatus for cleavage
L785W
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the DMAP interaction domain mutation has full activity toward alpha-MM but impaired ability to phosphorylate lysosomal acid hydrolases
N1153S
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
N115Q
-
electrophoretic migration similar to wild-type at 34 kDa, mutant sensitive to PNGase F treatment
N88Q
-
electrophoretic migration similar to wild-type at 34 kDa, mutant sensitive to PNGase F treatment
N88Q/N115Q
-
electrophoretic migration at 31 kDa, double mutant insensitive to PNGase F treatment, non-glycosylated polypeptide. Non-glycosylated gamma-subunits do not colocalize with the Golgi apparatus marker GM130
Q926P
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
R1242A/R1243A/R1244A
by mutation of the arginine motif in beta subunit it is shown that this signal is not a functional endoplasmic reticulum retention signal
R1244A/R1245A/R1246A
mutant containing a mutation of C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum export motif mainly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker protein but fails to co-distribute with the endoplasmic reticulum protein marker
R1253A/I1254A/R1255A
mutant containing a mutation of C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum export motif mainly co-localizes with the cis-Golgi marker protein but fails to co-distribute with the endoplasmic reticulum protein marker
R334L
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant fails to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and is inactive
R334Q
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant fails to exit from the endoplasmic reticulum and is inactive
R587P
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the R587P mutant shifts from a predominant endoplasmic reticulum localization to a predominant Golgi localization
R879A
mutation does not affect the normal processing of the full-length alpha/beta precursor at residue K928, but abolishes cleavage at Q882 for the Dictyostelium discoideum replacement mutant
R925A/R879A
mutations result in complete loss of beta subunit formation
R986C
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant in the Stealth domain trafficks to the Golgi
S15Y
naturally occurring mutation in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the alpha-subunit leading to a mislocated enzyme, mistargeting of the mutant enzymes to lysosomes, where they are degraded, or to the cell surface and release into the medium, but the mutant enzyme shows 41% of wild-type activity. Half-life of the mutant is decreased compared to the wild-type enzyme
T1223del
naturally occurig heterozygous mutation identified in Brazilian mucolipidosis MLII/MLIII alpha/beta patients. The mutant T1223del is correctly transported and proteolytically cleaved into mature alpha- and beta-subunits exhibiting 85% of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity of the wild-type enzyme
T286M
naturally occuring mutation of the gamma-subunit that does not alter the gamma-subunit function, the mutant variant enters the Golgi like the wild-type enzyme
T644M
naturally occuring heterozygous mutation identified in Brazilian mucolipidosis MLII/MLIII alpha/beta patients. The mutant T644M is correctly transported and proteolytically cleaved into mature alpha- and beta-subunits exhibiting 50% of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity of the wild-type enzyme
V182D
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
V182D/Q205P
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
V27D
missense mutation of the alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis II, mutation prevents the cotranslational insertion of the nascent GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase polypeptide chain into the endoplasmic reticulum
V28D
missense mutation of the alpha alpha subunit leading to mucolipidosis II, mutation prevents the cotranslational insertion of the nascent GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase polypeptide chain into the endoplasmic reticulum
W81L
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, that has no effect on the mutant enzyme
DELTA1-47
-
N-terminal region (residues 1-47) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Alg14 localizes its green fluorescent protein fusion to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. Coimmunoprecipitation demonstrates that the N-terminal region of Alg14 is required for direct interaction with Alg7
G163A/G165A
-
mutant fails to rescue a loss of Alg14 function. Mutant is inactivated by loss of conserved G-loop
V131A/I135A/V139A/V143A/V146A/F150A
-
a mutant in which six hydrophobic residues are replaced with L-Ala is able to rescue the loss of Alg14 function, indicating that the mutated hydrophobic residues do not have a deleterious effect on Alg14 activity. Growth of these cells is extremely slow at 30°C
V131I/I135L/V139I/V143I/V146I/F150L
-
a mutant in which six hydrophobic residues are replaced with L-Ala is able to rescue the loss of Alg14 function
C505Y
naturally occuring missense mutation identified in Brazilian mucolipidosis MLII/MLIII alpha/beta patients. The mutant shows 7% of wild-type activity
C505Y
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
I403T
naturally occuring missense mutation identified in Brazilian mucolipidosis MLII/MLIII alpha/beta patients, lack of processing of the mutant alpha/beta-subunit precursor I403T
I403T
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant partially exits from the endoplasmic reticulum and is almost inactive
K1236M
proteolytic cleavage of mutant is not affected. Mutant is localised mainly in the Golgi apparatus
K1236M
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction
K4Q
patient mutation K4Q impairs the endoplasmic reticulum export of the PT alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein. Mutant shows reduced levels of the PT beta-subunit. Mutant is localised in the Golgi apparatus and in the endoplasmic reticulum
K4Q
naturally occurring mutation in the N-terminal cytoplasmic tail of the alpha-subunit leading to a mislocated enzyme, mistargeting of the mutant enzymes to lysosomes, where they are degraded, or to the cell surface and release into the medium, the mutant enzymes shows 32% of wild-type activity. The mutant K4Q alphabeta phosphotransferase contains increased complex-type N-linked glycans. Half-life of the mutant is decreased compared to the wild-type enzyme
K732N
naturally occurring mutation in the DMAP interaction domain of the alpha-subunit identified in a patient with mucolipidosis II, the mutant exhibits full activity toward the simple sugar alpha-methyl D-mannoside but impaired phosphorylation activity toward acid hydrolases. The K732N mutation does not impair the transport of the alpha/beta precursor from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, nor the proteolytic cleavage that generates the alpha and beta subunits. Recombinant expression of the K732N mutant in a zebrafish model of mucolipidosis II fails to correct the phenotypic abnormalities
K732N
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the DMAP interaction domain mutation has full activity toward alpha-MM but impaired ability to phosphorylate lysosomal acid hydrolases
R925A
mutation results in an uncleavable PT alpha/beta-subunit precursor protein. Mutant co-localizes mainly with the cis-Golgi marker protein, no detection in endoplasmic reticulum
R925A
mutation abolishes cleavage of wild-type alpha/beta precursor at K928
S399F
a naturally occurring mucolipidosis III, MLIII, alphabeta mutant, the mutant enzyme remains in the endoplasmic reticulum and is not translocated to the Golgi due to reduced proteolytic cleavage of the precursor
S399F
site-directed mutagenesis, mutation involved in enzyme dysfunction, the mutant partially exits from the endoplasmic reticulum and is almost inactive
additional information
-
generation of GNPTAB-deficient zebrafish, comprehensive analysis of the remaining missense mutations in GNPTAB reported in human mucolipidosis II and III alphabeta-patients using cell- and zebrafish-based approaches
additional information
mucolipidosis II in cats is caused by a deficiency of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. All affected cats tested are homozygous for a single base substitution (c.2644C > T) in exon 13 of GNPTAB. The variant results in a premature stop codon (p.Gln882*) which predicts severe truncation and complete dysfunction of the GNPTAB enzyme
additional information
-
mucolipidosis II in cats is caused by a deficiency of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase. All affected cats tested are homozygous for a single base substitution (c.2644C > T) in exon 13 of GNPTAB. The variant results in a premature stop codon (p.Gln882*) which predicts severe truncation and complete dysfunction of the GNPTAB enzyme
additional information
construction of GNPTAB-/- and GNPTG-/- mutant enzymes, all three alleles of GNPTAB are disrupted with one allele having a 17-bp deletion, c.216_232del, whereas the other two alleles have a 1-bp deletion c.221delC. The gamma-subunit-deficient DELTAN1-DMAP mutant has catalytic activity but is unable to phosphorylate lysosomal enzymes. Deletion of Notch 2 strongly inhibits phosphorylation of all the glycosidases, whereas deletion of Notch 1 is less detrimental, with levels of phosphorylation ranging from 100% down to 60% of wild-type activity. The effect of deleting the DMAP interaction domain is also variable, ranging from a 10% decrease in phosphorylation relative to wild-type to a 64% decrease in alpha-Man phosphorylation. Deletion of the S2 domain, which results in the loss of binding of the gamma-subunit, strongly inhibits phosphorylation of all the glycosidases
additional information
generation of GNPTAB-deficient zebrafish, comprehensive analysis of the remaining missense mutations in GNPTAB reported in human mucolipidosis II and III alphabeta-patients using cell- and zebrafish-based approaches
additional information
-
generation of GNPTAB-deficient zebrafish, comprehensive analysis of the remaining missense mutations in GNPTAB reported in human mucolipidosis II and III alphabeta-patients using cell- and zebrafish-based approaches
additional information
mutations in the GNPTAB gene give rise to the severe lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) and the attenuated mucolipidosis III alphabeta (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy). Subcellular localization ofalphabeta-phosphotransferase Stealth domain is altered compared to wild-type in HeLa cells
additional information
-
mutations in the GNPTAB gene give rise to the severe lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II (I-cell disease) and the attenuated mucolipidosis III alphabeta (pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy). Subcellular localization ofalphabeta-phosphotransferase Stealth domain is altered compared to wild-type in HeLa cells
additional information
the frameshift E757KfsX1 and the non-sense R587X mutations result in the retention of enzymatically inactive truncated precursor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum due to loss of cytosolic endoplasmic reticulum exit motifs consistent with a severe clinical phenotype in homozygosity. Subcellular localization study of wild-type and mutant enzymes, as well as isolated alpha- and beta-subunits, overview
additional information
-
the frameshift E757KfsX1 and the non-sense R587X mutations result in the retention of enzymatically inactive truncated precursor proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum due to loss of cytosolic endoplasmic reticulum exit motifs consistent with a severe clinical phenotype in homozygosity. Subcellular localization study of wild-type and mutant enzymes, as well as isolated alpha- and beta-subunits, overview
additional information
when the 236 aa human spacer-1 sequence is replaced with 29 aa of the Dictyostelium discoideum sequence, most of the mutant is at an alternate upstream site relative to the K928 cleavage site of the wild-type protein. The mutant enzyme diplays about 60% of wild-type activity. The R925A mutant in the Dictyostelium discoideum replacement background retains almost 20% of wild-type activity toward alpha-methyl D-mannosid.Deletion of spacer-1 enhances phosphorylation of several non-lysosomal glycoproteins, while the phosphorylation of lysosomal acid hydrolases is not altered
additional information
generation of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase-defective mice and enzyme-defective mouse embryonic fibroblasts
additional information
-
generation of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase-defective mice and enzyme-defective mouse embryonic fibroblasts
additional information
generation of GNTPAB knock-out mice
additional information
-
generation of GNTPAB knock-out mice
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