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IUBMB Comments alpha-D-Glucose 1-phosphate can also act as acceptor, but more slowly.
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase, galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase, uridine diphosphogalactose pyrophosphorylase, utp-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, udpgalactose pyrophosphorylase,
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alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
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galactose 1-phosphate uridyltransferase
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-
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galactose 1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
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-
-
galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase
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-
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
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-
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UDPgalactose pyrophosphorylase
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-
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uridine diphosphate galactose pyrophosphorylase
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uridine diphosphogalactose pyrophosphorylase
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-
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uridylyltransferase, galactose 1-phosphate
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-
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galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
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galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
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GALT
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-
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UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
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-
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-
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nucleotidyl group transfer
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-
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UTP:alpha-D-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
alpha-D-Glucose 1-phosphate can also act as acceptor, but more slowly.
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diphosphate + UDP-alpha-D-galactose
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate =
-
-
-
?
diphosphate + UDP-xylose
?
-
at 10% the rate of UDP-glucose or UDP-galactose
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
additional information
?
-
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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reverse reaction at the same rate as UDP-glucose
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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reverse reaction at the same rate as UDP-glucose
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r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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same active site for the 2 substrates alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
preferred substrate
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?, r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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constitutive enzyme
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r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
constitutive enzyme
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
alternate pathway of galactose metabolism
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
ir
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
involved in galactose and glucose metabolism
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?, ir
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
Saccharomyces fragilis
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-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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reverse reaction at the same rate as UDP-galactose
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
reverse reaction at the same rate as UDP-galactose
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r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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same active site for the 2 substrates alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate and alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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reaction at 75% the rate of alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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reaction at 75% the rate of alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
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r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
reaction at 75% the rate of alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
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r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
involved in galactose and glucose metabolism
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
-
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
-
no activity in the reverse reaction with UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, GDP-mannose or TDP-glucose
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?
additional information
?
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-
no activity with ATP, ITP, CTP or GTP
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?
additional information
?
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-
no activity with ATP, ITP, CTP or GTP
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?
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UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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constitutive enzyme
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-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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constitutive enzyme
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-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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alternate pathway of galactose metabolism
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-
r
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
-
-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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involved in galactose and glucose metabolism
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-galactose
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-
-
-
?
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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-
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r
UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
diphosphate + UDP-glucose
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involved in galactose and glucose metabolism
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-
?
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additional information
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phosphate is no effector of UDP-galactose synthesis
Mg2+
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requirement
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Mg-diphosphate
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strong inhibition, UDP-galactose synthesis
UDP-glucose
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UDP-galactose pyrophosphorolysis
UDP-xylose
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UDP-galactose or UDP-glucose synthesis
UTP
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UDP-galactose pyrophosphorolysis
additional information
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no inhibitors of UDP-galactose pyrophosphorolysis are alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate, alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate or galactose 6-phosphate
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UDP-galactose
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UDP-glucose pyrophosphorolysis or UDP-galactose synthesis
UDP-galactose
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strong inhibition
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3-phosphoglycerate
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slight activation
D-erythrose 4-phosphate
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slight activation
D-fructose 6-phosphate
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slight activation
additional information
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no effectors of UDP-galactose-forming reaction are MgUDP, magnesium citrate, magnesium oxaloacetate or sucrose
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0.415 - 1.2
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
0.23 - 0.75
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
0.37 - 0.47
UDP-galactose
0.415
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
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pH 7.0, 30°C
1.2
alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
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pH 7.2, 30°C
0.23
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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pH 7.0, 30°C
0.75
alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate
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pH 7.2, 30°C
0.18
diphosphate
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pH 7.2, 30°C
0.18
diphosphate
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healthy individuals, pH 7.8, 37°C
0.18
diphosphate
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phosphate in form of Mg-diphosphate
0.22
diphosphate
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galactosemic individuals, pH 7.8, 37°C
0.37
UDP-galactose
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healthy persons, pH 7.8, 37°C
0.47
UDP-galactose
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galactosemic individuals, pH 7.8, 37°C
0.034
UTP
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pH 7.0, 30°C
0.1 - 0.14
UTP
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pH 7.2, 30°C
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0.58
Mg-diphosphate
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pH 7.2, 30°C
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0.0025
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healthy individuals
0.0027
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galactosemic individuals
0.36
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peduncles of developing fruits
0.56
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unpollinated peduncles
3.8
-
partially purified enzyme, substrate alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate
additional information
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-
additional information
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-
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6 - 7.5
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broad, forward reaction
8
Saccharomyces fragilis
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assay at
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30
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assay at
37
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assay at
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glucose-grown
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brenda
cv. Burpee's Hybrid
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brenda
cv. Calypiso
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Balb/c mice
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brenda
Saccharomyces fragilis
galactose-adopted
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
Balb/c mice
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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from healthy and galactosemic individuals
brenda
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brenda
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of unpollinated ovaries
brenda
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malfunction
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complete, or near complete, deficiency of GALT causes classic galactosaemia
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51000
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4 * 51000, SDS-PAGE
68000
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1 * 68000, SDS-PAGE
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monomer
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1 * 68000, SDS-PAGE
tetramer
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4 * 51000, SDS-PAGE
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A320T
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the mutation causes classical galactosemia
IVS5nt-24G>A
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higher risk of catarct for individuals
L218L
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higher risk of catarct for individuals
N314D
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higher risk of catarct for individuals
Q1883
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higher risk of catarct for individuals
Q188R
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the mutation causes classical galactosemia
S135L
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the mutation causes classical galactosemia
Y209S
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the mutation causes classical galactosemia
K285N
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the mutation causes classical galactosemia
K285N
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higher risk of catarct for individuals
additional information
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construction of deletion mutant mice, in the urine of GALT-deleted mice, despite the absence of GALT enzyme, the acetaminophen glucuronide anomeric carbon clearly shows enrichment, though of lesser intensity than in the normal controls
additional information
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construction of deletion mutant mice, in the urine of GALT-deleted mice, despite the absence of GALT enzyme, the acetaminophen glucuronide anomeric carbon clearly shows enrichment, though of lesser intensity than in the normal controls
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40
-
15 min, 10% loss of activity
50
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15 min, 70% loss of activity, t1/2: 7.5 min, enzyme from healthy individual, and 10 min, enzyme from galactosemic individual
60
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10 min, inactivation
56
-
2.5 min, 80% loss of activity in crude desalted extracts
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-20°C, in 20 mM imidazole-HCl buffer, pH 7, 20% v/v glycerol, 30% loss of activity within 6 weeks
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partial
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Kalckar, H.M.
The role of phosphoglycosyl compounds in the biosynthesis of nucleosides and nucleotides
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
12
250-264
1953
Saccharomyces fragilis
brenda
Lobelle-Rich, P.A.; Reeves, R.E.
Separation and characterization of two UTP-utilizing hexose phosphate uridylyltransferases from Entamoeba histolytica
Mol. Biochem. Parasitol.
7
173-182
1983
Entamoeba histolytica
brenda
Chacko, C.M.; McCrone, L.; Nadler, H.L.
Uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase and uridine diphosphogalactose pyrophosphorylase in human skin fibroblasts derived from normal and galactosemic individuals
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
268
113-120
1972
Homo sapiens
brenda
Frydman, R.B.; Neufeld, E.F.; Hassid, W.Z.
Thymidine diphosphate D-galactose pyrophosphorylase of Phaseolus aureus
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
77
332-334
1963
Vigna radiata var. radiata
brenda
Lobelle-Rich, P.A.; Reeves, R.E.
Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase from Entamoeba histolytica
Methods Enzymol.
90
552-555
1982
Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba histolytica K-9 / ATCC 30015
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brenda
Lee, L.J.; Kimura, A.; Tochikura, T.
Presence of a single enzyme catalyzing the pyrophosphorolysis of UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in Bifidobacterium bifidum
Biochim. Biophys. Acta
527
301-304
1978
Bifidobacterium bifidum
brenda
Lee, L.J.; Kimura, A.; Tochikura, T.
Purification and properties of UDP-glucose (UDP-galactose) pyrophosphorylase from Bifidobacterium bifidum
J. Biochem.
86
923-928
1979
Bifidobacterium bifidum
brenda
Smart, E.L.; Pharr, D.M.
Separation and characteristics of galactose-1-phosphate and glucose-1-phosphate uridyltranferase from fruit peduncles of cucumber
Planta
153
370-375
1981
Cucumis sativus
brenda
Pazur, J.H.; Anderson, J.S.
Thymidine triphosphate: alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate thymidylyltransferase from Streptococcus faecalis grown on D-galactose
J. Biol. Chem.
238
3155-3160
1963
Enterococcus faecalis
brenda
Feusi, M.E.S.; Burton, J.D.; Williamson, J.D.; Pharr, D.M.
Galactosyl-sucrose metabolism and UDP-galactose pyrophosphorylase from Cucumis melo L. fruit
Physiol. Plant.
106
9-16
1999
Cucumis melo, Glycine max
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brenda
Leslie, N.; Yager, C.; Reynolds, R.; Segal, S.
UDP-galactose pyrophosphorylase in mice with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency
Mol. Genet. Metab.
85
21-27
2005
Mus musculus
brenda
Mirzajani, F.; Mirfakhraie, R.; Nabati, F.; Tabatabaei, N.N.; Talachian, E.; Houshmand, M.
The first study of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase mutations in Iranian galactosemia patients
Clin. Biochem.
39
697-699
2006
Homo sapiens
brenda
Wehrli, S.; Reynolds, R.; Segal, S.
Evidence for function of UDP galactose pyrophosphorylase in mice with absent galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
Mol. Genet. Metab.
91
191-194
2007
Mus musculus, Mus musculus BALB/c
brenda
Karas-Kuzelicki, N.; Pfeifer, V.; Lukac-Bajalo, J.
Synergistic effect of high lactase activity genotype and galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) mutations on idiopathic presenile cataract formation
Clin. Biochem.
41
869-874
2008
Homo sapiens
brenda
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2.7.7.10 UTP-hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
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