substrate specificity, overview. Arabinokinase has a high affinity for L-arabinose. No activity with D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-arabinose, D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose, and D-galactose
substrate specificity, overview. Arabinokinase has a high affinity for L-arabinose. No activity with D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-arabinose, D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose, and D-galactose
substrate specificity, overview. Arabinokinase has a high affinity for L-arabinose. No activity with D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose, and D-galactose
substrate specificity, overview. Arabinokinase has a high affinity for L-arabinose. No activity with D-galacturonic acid, L-rhamnose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-arabinose, L-arabinose, D-glucuronic acid, D-xylose, and D-galactose
the potential N-terminal part of ARA1 is targeting the protein to specific cellular compartment. The 50 amino acid part of ARA1 is localized in the cytosol and not redirecting ARA1 into organelles
arabinokinase is a GHMP (galactose, homoserine, mevalonate, phosphomevalonate) kinase with a unique structure that is highly conserved in plants. Isozymes Ara1 and Ara2 share 71% amino acid identity
exogenous L-arabinose and its cellular accumulation are lethal for the point mutation variant ara1-1. Ara1-1 displays a lethal phenotype only upon L-arabinose treatment. The amino acid exchange of ARA1-1 is part of a conserved alpha-helix. The mutation borders a SSSAA motif which is present in both kinases and plays a role in creating the binding pocket surface. The model and alignments of both proteins show that the amino acid exchange site is closely located at the entrance of the substrate binding pocket. Recombinant Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with ARA1 and ARA1-1 constructs show first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration
exogenous L-arabinose and its cellular accumulation are not lethal for the ara1-2 knockout plant. Recombinant Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with ARA2 and ARA2-1 constructs show first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration
the 100 kDA enzyme protein contains a putative N-terminal glycosyltransferase domain and a C-terminal sugar-1-kinase domain. This unique structure is highly conserved in the plant kingdom. The gene coding for ARA2, unlike ARA1, does not contain any potential signal sequence at the N-terminus
the 100 kDA enzyme protein contains a putative N-terminal glycosyltransferase domain and a C-terminal sugar-1-kinase domain. This unique structure is highly conserved in the plant kingdom. The gene coding for ARA2, unlike ARA1, does not contain any potential signal sequence at the N-terminus
a ara2-1 mutant form of the enzyme that carries a point mutation in an alpha-helix. The mutation is close to the substrate binding site. The residual enzymatic activity of ARAK2 mutant E564K is below 1% when compared with the wild-type ARAK2 variant. 227fold increase of Km value for L-arabinose for ARA2 E564K mutant compared to wild-type
an ara1-1 mutant form of the enzyme that carries a point mutation in an alpha-helix. Almost inactive mutant. The mutation is close to the substrate binding site and changes the Km value for arabinose from 0.08 mM in the wild-type to 17 mM in ARA1-1 mutant. Analysis of marker genes from sugar signalling pathways (SnRK1 and Tor) suggests that ara1-1 misinterprets its carbon energy status. Although glucose is present in ara1-1 similar to wild-type levels, it constitutively changes gene expression as typically found in wild-type plants only under starvation conditions. Furthermore, ara1-1 shows increased expression of marker genes for programmed cell death as found in other lesion mimic mutants
plants are knocked-out for arabinokinase by T-DNA insertion, the mutant KO plants accumulate higher levels of arabinose but do not show signs of arabinose toxicity. Creation of a double knockout plant ara1-2 ara2-1 double mutant by crossing the single knockout plants. 193fold increase of Km value for L-arabinose for ARA1-1 compared to wild-type. Infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with ARA2 and ARA2-1 constructs showing first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration. Arabinose feeding causes UDP-sugar changes in ara1-1 and wild-type (UDP-sugars: UDP-Ara, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc), and causes an increase in soluble carbohydrates in ara1-1
plants are knocked-out for arabinokinase by T-DNA insertion, the mutant KO plants accumulate higher levels of arabinose but do not show signs of arabinose toxicity. Creation of a double knockout plant ara1-2 ara2-1 double mutant by crossing the single knockout plants. 193fold increase of Km value for L-arabinose for ARA1-1 compared to wild-type. Infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with ARA2 and ARA2-1 constructs showing first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration. Arabinose feeding causes UDP-sugar changes in ara1-1 and wild-type (UDP-sugars: UDP-Ara, UDP-Xyl, UDP-Gal and UDP-Glc), and causes an increase in soluble carbohydrates in ara1-1
plants are knocked-out for arabinokinase by T-DNA insertion, the mutant KO plants accumulate higher levels of arabinose but do not show signs of arabinose toxicity. Creation of a double knockout plant ara1-2 ara2-1 double mutant by crossing the single knockout plants. Infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with ARA2 and ARA2-1 constructs showing first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration
plants are knocked-out for arabinokinase by T-DNA insertion, the mutant KO plants accumulate higher levels of arabinose but do not show signs of arabinose toxicity. Creation of a double knockout plant ara1-2 ara2-1 double mutant by crossing the single knockout plants. Infiltration of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves with ARA2 and ARA2-1 constructs showing first signs of necrosis after 3 days at the sites of infiltration
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
4°C, 24 h, complete loss of activity, no stabilization with substrates, higher ionic strength, glycerol, EDTA, differnt pH values or other stabilizing methods
recombinant expression of N-terminally GFP-tagged isozyme Ara1 in Nicotiana benthamiana in the cytosol of cells, transient expression of C-terminally Strep-tagged Ara1 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves