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2 GSH + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
2-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
5'-thionitrobenzoic acid + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH
?
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
beta-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
cytosolic thioredoxin + NADP+
cytosolic thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
glutaredoxin + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
glutathione-hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
hydroxyethyl disulfide + NADPH + H+
?
-
-
-
-
?
insulin disulfide + NADPH + H+
insulin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
mitochondrial thioredoxin + NADP+
mitochondrial thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
-
r
oxidized insulin + NADPH + H+
reduced insulin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
additional information
?
-
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+

2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor
-
-
?
5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) + NADPH + H+
2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+

2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
enzyme displays hysteretic behavior
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
the enzyme plays an essential role in maintaining the redox homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in the parasite Fasciola gigantica. Parasitic flukes have a limited set of antioxidant proteins in contrast to their mammalian hosts. In platyhelminthic parasites, the two systems (glutathione/glutaredoxin system and thioredoxin system) are replaced by a single system of a multifunctional flavin containing chimeric selenoenzyme known as thioredoxin glutathione reductase, which donates electrons to both thioredoxin disulfide and glutathione disulfide in these parasites
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
the enzyme follows a two-site ping-pong bi bi kinetic mechanism, in which both substrates and products are bound in rapid equilibrium fashion
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+

glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+

glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
glutathione + NADP+
-
absolute specificity for NADPH as electron donor
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+

GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+

thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+

thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
the enzyme follows a two-site ping-pong bi bi kinetic mechanism, in which both substrates and products are bound in rapid equilibrium fashion
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
Escherichia coli thioredoxin disulfide
-
-
?
additional information

?
-
-
the glutathione reductase activity of TGR exhibits hysteretic behavior regulated by the [GSSG]/[GSH] ratio. This behavior is associated with glutathionylation by GSSG and abolished by deglutathionylation
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
TGR promotes isomerization of disulfide bonds formed between glutathione peroxidase 4 and certain sperm proteins, generating a 46-kDa species containing glutathione peroxidase 4 from high molecular weight nonspecific cross-links
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the parasite-specific enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase is a component of the defense system
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
low catalytic efficiency with H2O2
-
-
?
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2 GSH + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
thioredoxin + NADP+
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
additional information
?
-
-
the parasite-specific enzyme thioredoxin glutathione reductase is a component of the defense system
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+

2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
the enzyme plays an essential role in maintaining the redox homeostasis and antioxidant defenses in the parasite Fasciola gigantica. Parasitic flukes have a limited set of antioxidant proteins in contrast to their mammalian hosts. In platyhelminthic parasites, the two systems (glutathione/glutaredoxin system and thioredoxin system) are replaced by a single system of a multifunctional flavin containing chimeric selenoenzyme known as thioredoxin glutathione reductase, which donates electrons to both thioredoxin disulfide and glutathione disulfide in these parasites
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host
-
-
?
glutathione disulfide + NADPH + H+
2 glutathione + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+

GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
?
GSSG + NADPH + H+
GSH + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+

thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
the enzyme of the parasite essential for the survival of schistosomes in the mammalian host
-
-
?
thioredoxin disulfide + NADPH + H+
thioredoxin + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
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(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis(2-furylmethanone)
-
-
(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis(2-thienylmethanone)
-
-
(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis[(1,3-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanone]
-
-
(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3,4-diyl)bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methanone]
-
-
(3R,5R,8R) 5-(((3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl)disulfanyl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-thiazolo[4,3-b]thiazole-3-carboxylic acid
-
1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-sulfone
-
1,8-naphthyridine-2 carboxylate
mixed inhibition. 1,8-Naphthyridine-2 carboxylate prevents Tyr296 from rotating, a process necessary for NADPH binding and enzyme reduction. It inhibits by stabilizing a protein conformation whose affinity for NADPH is greatly reduced
-
2-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonal)-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridine
-
2-(4-chlorobenzene-1-sulfonyl)-6-methoxy-3-nitropyridine
-
-
-
2-(4-chlorophenoxy)-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphinin-4(1H)-one 2-oxide
-
-
2-(4-ethoxyphenoxy)-6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphinin-4(1H)-one 2-oxide
-
-
3-bromo-5-butoxy-6H-anthra[1,9-cd]isoxazol-6-one
-
-
3-DAP
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
4-aminopiazthiole
inhibit the enzyme in a NADPH-dependent manner, and the inhibition appears to be irreversible even upon extensive dilution of the inhibited protein
-
4-chloro-5-[4-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-2-phenylpyridazin-3(2H)-one
4-phenyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole-3-carbonitrile 2-oxide
-
-
5-(((3-carboxy-4-nitrophenyl)disulfanyl)methyl) (2RS,5RS)-3,3a-dihydro-benzo[d]thiazolo[4,3-b]thiazole
-
5-bromo-N-ethyl-3,4-dinitrothiophen-2-amine
-
at 0.005 microM, 100 % larval death at 48 hours
5-chloro-N-[4-[ethyl(phenyl)sulfamoyl]phenyl]-2-(methanesulfonyl)pyrimidine-4-carboxamide
-
-
-
5-[[3-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]methyl]quinolin-8-ol
-
-
-
6-methyl-2-phenoxy-2,3-dihydro-1,3,2-diazaphosphinin-4(1H)-one 2-oxide
-
-
6-nitro-1H-1-benzothiophene-1,1-dione
6-nitrobenzo[b]thiophene-1,1-dioxide
-
7-[(4-methoxyphenyl)[(4-methylpyridin-2-yl)amino]methyl]-2-methylquinolin-8-ol
-
-
-
AuI-pyridine-2-thiol N-oxide
a potent inhibitor that achieves 75% inhibition at a 1:1 thioredoxin glutathione reductase:Au ratio and efficiently kills Echinococcus granulosus in vitro
-
aurothioglucose
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
aurothiomalate
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
bis-demethoxycurcumin
-
inhibits in the micromolar concentration range
-
CDE16-2
-
0.05 mM, 98% inhibition
CDE4
-
0.05 mM, 99% inhibition
curcumin
-
time-dependent process. An intermediary compound of curcumin oxidation, probably spiroepoxide, is responsible. Preincubation of curcumin in the presence of NADPH results in the loss of its inhibitory ability. Preincubation of curcumin with sulfhydryl compounds fully protected the enzyme from inhibition
demethoxycurcumin
-
inhibits in the micromolar concentration range
diethyl (3-bromo-6-oxo-6H-anthra[1,9-cd]isoxazol-5-yl)propanedioate
-
-
diethyl 2-(3-bromo-6-oxo-6H-anthra[1,9-cd][1,2]oxazol-4-yl)-3-oxobutanedioate
-
-
-
dimethyl (3-bromo-6-oxo-6H-anthra[1,9-cd]isoxazol-5-yl)propanedioate
-
-
glutathione disulfide
-
substrate inhibition at moderate or high concentrations. Noncompetitive mode of inhibition in which the disulfide behaves as an affinity label-like reagent through its binding and reduction at an alternative site, leading the enzyme into an inactive state
indole-3-carbinol
inhibit the enzyme in a NADPH-dependent manner, and the inhibition appears to be irreversible even upon extensive dilution of the inhibited protein
JD159
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
LS826
-
0.05 mM, 95% inhibition
methyl (5-[1-[(tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino]-2-phenylethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-sulfonyl)acetate
-
-
-
naphthazarin
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
NOC-7
-
i.e. 1-hydroxy-2-oxo-3-(N-3-methyl-aminopropyl)-3-methyl-1-triazene, complete inhibition at 0.1 mM
OPZ
-
0.05 mM, 87% inhibition
P-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-N-(2-fluorophenyl)-P-phenylphosphinic amide
-
-
P-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-N-(5-chloropyridin-2-yl)-P-phenylphosphinic amide
-
-
P-1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl-P-phenyl-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylphosphinic amide
-
-
PAT
-
0.05 mM, complete inhibition
potassium antimony tartrate
-
-
RMA35
-
0.05 mM, 98% inhibition
[mu-[1-(hydroxy-1kappaO)-2-(sulfanyl-1kappaS)pyridin-1-iumato(2-)]]-[mu-[1-(hydroxy-2kappaO)-2-(sulfanyl-1kappaS)pyridin-1-iumato(2-)]]bis(triphenylphosphane)digold
-
a single gold atom binds to Cys519 and Cys573 in the AuI-enzyme complex. 7580% inhibition of thioredoxin and glutathione reductase activities is achieved at a 1:1 concentration ratio of inhibitor:enzyme
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