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Information on EC 1.5.1.19 - D-nopaline dehydrogenase
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EC Tree
1.5.1.19 D-nopaline dehydrogenaseIUBMB Comments
In the reverse direction, forms D-nopaline from L-arginine and D-ornaline from L-ornithine.
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Word Map
- 1.5.1.19
- cauliflower
- agrobacterium
- tumefaciens
- kanamycin
- nptii
-
camv35s
- octopine
- potyvirus
-
xanthi
-
construct-specific
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
Synonyms
nopaline synthase, nopaline dehydrogenase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
Atu6015
D-nopaline synthase
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-
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dehydrogenase, nopaline
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-
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flavin-containing opine dehydrogenase
GN325_22415
nopaline dehydrogenase
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nopaline synthase
NOS
nopaline synthase
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-
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-
NOS
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-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
ter-bi rapid-equilibrium random-order mechanism
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N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O = L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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redox reaction
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reduction
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (L-arginine-forming)
In the reverse direction, forms D-nopaline from L-arginine and D-ornaline from L-ornithine.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
64763-57-1
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
-
?
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
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-
i.e. nopaline
?
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
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in vivo synthesis of both N2-(1,3-dicarboxyphopyl)arginine and N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ornithine in crown gall tissues
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?
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
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-
-
ir
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
the reduction reaction is highly preferred
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-
?
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
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-
-
ir
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
the reduction reaction is highly preferred
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-
?
L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-ornithine + NADP+ + H2O
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i.e. ornaline
?
L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-ornithine + NADP+ + H2O
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in vivo synthesis of both N2-(1,3-dicarboxyphopyl)arginine and N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ornithine in crown gall tissues
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?
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
r
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
Agrobacterium vitis ICMP 10753
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-
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r
additional information
?
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analysis of specificity of electron acceptors using 4-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) together with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) (electron-transfer intermediate), ferricyanide, horse heart cytochrome c, and NAD(P)+
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-
?
additional information
?
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
analysis of specificity of electron acceptors using 4-iodonitrotetrazolium violet (INT) or nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) together with phenazine methosulfate (PMS) (electron-transfer intermediate), ferricyanide, horse heart cytochrome c, and NAD(P)+
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-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
-
in vivo synthesis of both N2-(1,3-dicarboxyphopyl)arginine and N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ornithine in crown gall tissues
-
?
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-ornithine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH
N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-ornithine + NADP+ + H2O
-
in vivo synthesis of both N2-(1,3-dicarboxyphopyl)arginine and N2-(1,3-dicarboxypropyl)ornithine in crown gall tissues
-
?
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
ir
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970
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-
-
ir
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
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-
-
r
N2-(D-1,3-dicarboxypropyl)-L-arginine + NADP+ + H2O
L-arginine + 2-oxoglutarate + NADPH + H+
Agrobacterium vitis ICMP 10753
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r
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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DISEASE
TITLE OF PUBLICATION
LINK TO PUBMED
Hepatitis
Agroinoculation of the cloned infectious cDNAs of Lettuce chlorosis virus results in systemic plant infection and production of whitefly transmissible virions.
Hepatitis
Construction of Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated tomato black ring virus infectious cDNA clones.
Hepatitis
Rapid delivery of foreign genes into plants by direct rub-inoculation with intact plasmid DNA of a tomato bushy stunt virus gene vector.
Infections
A disarmed binary vector from Agrobacterium tumefaciens functions in Agrobacterium rhizogenes : Frequent co-transformation of two distinct T-DNAs.
Infections
Rapid delivery of foreign genes into plants by direct rub-inoculation with intact plasmid DNA of a tomato bushy stunt virus gene vector.
Infertility
Transgenic sterility in Populus: expression properties of the poplar PTLF, Agrobacterium NOS and two minimal 35S promoters in vegetative tissues.
Neoplasms
A rapid micro scale method for the detection of lysopine and nopaline dehydrogenase activities.
Neoplasms
Detection of bacterial chitinase activity in transformed plant tumour cells using a specific exochitinase substrate.
Neoplasms
Differential expression of crown gall tumor markers in transformants obtained after in vitro Agrobacterium tumefaciens-induced transformation of cell wall regenerating protoplasts derived from Nicotiana tabacum.
Neoplasms
The expression of a nopaline synthase - human growth hormone chimaeric gene in transformed tobacco and sunflower callus tissue.
Neoplasms
The opine synthase genes carried by Ti plasmids contain all signals necessary for expression in plants.
Neoplasms
The role of cytosine methylation in the control of nopaline synthase gene expression in a plant tumor.
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain A 208 having plasmid pTi37
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brenda
sunflower, crown gall tissue induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 or T37
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brenda
expression of Agrobacterium tumor-inducing plasmid pTiT37 encoding nopaline synthase gene in Escherichia coli
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brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
-
induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain C58 or T37 in Helianthus annuus L.
brenda
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axenic tumor tissue and shoots regenerated from tumor tissue of Brassica juncea inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain A 208 having plasmid pTiT37
brenda
additional information
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no activity in habituated tissue or in octopine-type crown gall tissue
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
crown gall disease caused by Allorhizobium vitis is one of the most destructive diseases in grapevine cultivation from an economical perspective. The bacterial pathogen exists systemically in grapevines and spreads through cuttings used for propagation material obtained from grapevines, living vines, and mother blocks, which poses a high risk for certified grapevine nursery material cultivation, nursery industry, and growers. Therefore, in this study, real-time PCR-based methods were developed for effectively and accurately determining the presence and the density of the bacterial pathogen in grapevine nursery material and the data used for indexing programs. Octopine-, nopaline-, and vitopine-catabolizing A. vitis strain-specific primer and locked nucleic acid (LNA) probe sets were determined depending on the ocs, nos, vis, vitopine iaaM, and vitopine virD2 genes. Primer-probe sets were then used to amplify the octopine synthase gene (62 bp) from octopine strains, the nopaline synthase gene (78 bp) from nopaline strains, and the vitopine synthase gene (60 bp) from vitopine strains, as well as the vitopine iaaM gene (60 bp) and the vitopine virD2 gene (66 bp) of A. vitis. The detection of Allorhizobium vitis strains from bacterial suspension or extracted plant sap can be achieved within a short time (i.e. 20-25 min) with real-time PCR-based assays using the designed primer and probe sets, method development and evaluation, overview
additional information
Agrobacterium vitis ICMP 10753
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crown gall disease caused by Allorhizobium vitis is one of the most destructive diseases in grapevine cultivation from an economical perspective. The bacterial pathogen exists systemically in grapevines and spreads through cuttings used for propagation material obtained from grapevines, living vines, and mother blocks, which poses a high risk for certified grapevine nursery material cultivation, nursery industry, and growers. Therefore, in this study, real-time PCR-based methods were developed for effectively and accurately determining the presence and the density of the bacterial pathogen in grapevine nursery material and the data used for indexing programs. Octopine-, nopaline-, and vitopine-catabolizing A. vitis strain-specific primer and locked nucleic acid (LNA) probe sets were determined depending on the ocs, nos, vis, vitopine iaaM, and vitopine virD2 genes. Primer-probe sets were then used to amplify the octopine synthase gene (62 bp) from octopine strains, the nopaline synthase gene (78 bp) from nopaline strains, and the vitopine synthase gene (60 bp) from vitopine strains, as well as the vitopine iaaM gene (60 bp) and the vitopine virD2 gene (66 bp) of A. vitis. The detection of Allorhizobium vitis strains from bacterial suspension or extracted plant sap can be achieved within a short time (i.e. 20-25 min) with real-time PCR-based assays using the designed primer and probe sets, method development and evaluation, overview
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). DHNO_AGRT7
413
0
45387
Swiss-Prot
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A0A1S7S7T4_9HYPH
412
0
45303
TrEMBL
-
A2QFT2_ASPNC
Aspergillus niger (strain CBS 513.88 / FGSC A1513)
384
0
41808
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4)
A3NGV8_BURP6
Burkholderia pseudomallei (strain 668)
430
0
44340
TrEMBL
-
A0A0E1W223_BURPE
430
0
44298
TrEMBL
-
A3P2F9_BURP0
Burkholderia pseudomallei (strain 1106a)
430
0
44372
TrEMBL
-
A9CL08_AGRFC
Agrobacterium fabrum (strain C58 / ATCC 33970)
413
0
45434
TrEMBL
-
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
158000
-
crown gall tissue induced by Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain C58 or T37, gel filtration
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SUBUNIT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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PROTEIN VARIANTS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
development of a real-time PCR assay using locked nucleic acid probe for the detection of octopine, nopaline, and vitopine strains of tumorigenic Allorhizobium vitis in grapevines
additional information
Agrobacterium vitis ICMP 10753
-
development of a real-time PCR assay using locked nucleic acid probe for the detection of octopine, nopaline, and vitopine strains of tumorigenic Allorhizobium vitis in grapevines
-
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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PURIFICATION (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, ultrafiltration, dialysis, and gel filtration
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CLONED (Commentary)
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expression in Nicotiana tabacum NT1 cells under nos-promoter with internal deletions
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expression of Agrobacterium tumor-inducing plasmid pTiT37 gene encoding nopaline synthase in Escherichia coli
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gene GN325_22415 or nos, cloning from strain ICMP 10753, real-time PCR enzyme expression analysis
gene nos, and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparisons, genetic structure, phylogenetic analysis, recombinant expression of N-terminally His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
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REF.
AUTHORS
TITLE
JOURNAL
VOL.
PAGES
YEAR
ORGANISM (UNIPROT)
PUBMED ID
SOURCE
Kemp, J.D.; Sutton, D.W.; Hack, E.
Purification and characterization of the crown gall specific enzyme nopaline synthase
Biochemistry
18
3755-3760
1979
Helianthus annuus
brenda
Gafni, Y.; Chilton, M.D.
Expression of the nopaline synthase gene in Escherichia coli
Gene
39
141-146
1985
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
brenda
Mathews, V.H.; Bhatia, C.R.; Mitra, R.; Krishna, T.G.; Rao, P.S.
Regeneration of shoots from Brassica juncea (Linn) czern and coss cells transformed by agrobacterium tumefaciens and expression of nopaline dehydrogenase genes
Plant Sci.
39
49-54
1985
Brassica juncea
-
brenda
Kim, Y.; An, G.
Characterization of a hexamer motif and b element of the nopaline synthase (nos) promoter
Mol. Cells
7
84-89
1997
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
brenda
Monneuse, M.O.; Rouze, P.
Sequence comparisons between Agrobacterium tumefaciens T-DNA-encoded octopine and nopaline dehydrogenases and other nucleotide-requiring enzymes: structural and evolutionary implications
J. Mol. Evol.
25
46-57
1987
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
-
brenda
Watanabe, S.; Sueda, R.; Fukumori, F.; Watanabe, Y.
Characterization of flavin-containing opine dehydrogenase from bacteria
PLoS ONE
10
e0138434
2015
Agrobacterium tumefaciens (A9CL08), Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 / ATCC 33970 (A9CL08)
brenda
Turgut, A.; Basim, H.
Development of a real-time PCR assay using locked nucleic acid probe for the detection of octopine, nopaline, and vitopine strains of tumorigenic Allorhizobium vitis in grapevines
Crop Prot.
145
105620
2021
Agrobacterium vitis (A0A1S2E988), Agrobacterium vitis ICMP 10753 (A0A1S2E988)
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brenda
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