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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.3.99.4 - 3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.3.99.4
Word Map on EC 1.3.99.4
- 1.3.99.4
- rhodococcus
- 3-ketosteroids
- cholesterol
-
arthrobacter
- erythropolis
- testosteroni
- synthesis
- 4-androstene-3,17-dione
- tuberculosis
- androst-4-ene-3,17-dione
- rhodochrous
- globiformis
- hydrocortisone
-
steroid-transforming
- ruber
- sterol
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Eukaryota, Bacteria
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.3.99.4
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
3-oxosteroid 1-dehydrogenase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-DELTA1-steroid + reduced acceptor
stereochemistry: trans-diaxial
-
a 3-oxosteroid + acceptor = a 3-oxo-DELTA1-steroid + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
3-oxosteroid:acceptor DELTA1-oxidoreductase
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9029-04-3
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
3-oxo-5beta-steroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase is active only on 5-beta-steroids
-
-
three 3-ketosteroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase isoenzymes, gene kstD1 encodes isozyme DELTA1-KSTD1
UniProt
three 3-ketosteroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase isoenzymes, gene kstD1 encodes isozyme DELTA1-KSTD1
UniProt
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
malfunction
metabolism
physiological function
malfunction
-
an enzyme-deficient mutant strain is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy and has a limited ability to multiply. The mutant is unable to inhibit the NO and reactive oxygen species production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in infected resting macrophages, phenotpe, overview
malfunction
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an enzyme-deficient mutant strain is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy and has a limited ability to multiply. The mutant is unable to inhibit the NO and reactive oxygen species production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in infected resting macrophages, phenotpe, overview
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metabolism
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the 3-ketosteroid-DELTA1-dehydrogenase is involved in steroid metabolism catalyzing the transformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione specifically
metabolism
-
the 3-ketosteroid-DELTA1-dehydrogenase is involved in steroid metabolism catalyzing the transformation of 4-androstene-3,17-dione to androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione specifically
-
physiological function
3-ketosteroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in the early steps of steroid degradation by introducing a double bond between the C1 and C2 atoms of the A-ring of its 3-ketosteroid substrates
physiological function
-
the enzyme functions in the conversion of 4-ene-3-oxosteroid to 1,4-diene-3-oxosteroid by trans-axial elimination of the Cl and C2 hydrogens, it is active in DELTA1-dehydrogenation in fusidane antibiotic biosynthesis, an important transformations in the synthesis of steroid hormones
physiological function
-
the enzyme functions in the conversion of 4-ene-3-oxosteroid to 1,4-diene-3-oxosteroid by trans-axial elimination of the Cl and C2 hydrogens, it is active in DELTA1-dehydrogenation in fusidane antibiotic biosynthesis, an important transformations in the synthesis of steroid hormones
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physiological function
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3-ketosteroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in the early steps of steroid degradation by introducing a double bond between the C1 and C2 atoms of the A-ring of its 3-ketosteroid substrates
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
11-deoxy-17alpha-hydroxycorticosterone + acceptor
17,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
11alpha-hydroxy-testosterone + acceptor
11alpha,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone + acceptor
11alpha-hydroxy-1,4-pregnene-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-11alpha-ol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
11beta-cortisol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(11beta)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
11beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
11beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
11beta-hydroxytestosterone + acceptor
11beta,17beta-dihydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
4-androstene-11beta,17beta-diol-3-one
-
-
?
17alpha-hydroxy-progesterone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-17alpha-ol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
17alpha-methyltestosterone + acceptor
17alpha-methylandrost-1,4-diene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
19-nor-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
19-nor-1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-estren-3,17-dione
-
-
?
19-nortestosterone + acceptor
17beta-hydroxy-1,4-estrene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
4-estren-17beta-ol-3-one
-
-
?
3-oxo-5beta-cholan-24-oic acid + acceptor
? + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
3-oxosteroid + acceptor
3-oxo-DELTA1-steroid + reduced acceptor
-
key catalyst in microbial steroid metabolism
-
-
-
4-androstene-3,11,17-trione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,11,17-trione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
4-androstene-3,17-dione + phenazine methosulfate
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced phenazine methosulfate
-
-
-
-
?
5alpha-androst-1-en-3-one + acceptor
5alpha-androstan-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5alpha-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androstan-3,17-dione + acceptor
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
9alpha-hydroxy-androst-1,4-diene-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
androsterone + acceptor
3-alpha-hydroxy-1-androstene-17-one + reduced acceptor
-
4-androstene-3,11,17-trione
-
-
?
corticosterone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-11beta,21-diol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
cortisol + acceptor
prednisolone + reduced acceptor
-
optimal concentration is 0.1 mg/ml, increase of concentration to 1 mg/ml reduces prednisolone yield
-
-
?
deoxycorticosterone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-21-ol-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-21-ol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
hydrocorticosterone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-11beta,17alpha,21triol-3,20-dione
-
-
?
progesterone + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
testololactone + acceptor
D-homo-17alpha-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-3,17-one + reduced acceptor
-
D-homo-17a-oxoandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione
-
-
?
11beta-cortisol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(11beta)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
11beta-cortisol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(11beta)-11,17,21-trihydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
11beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
11beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
11beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
11beta-hydroxy-1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
?
-
-
-
?
23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
?
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol system. The enzyme does not show any activity in presence of nitro blue tetrazolium
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol system. The enzyme does not show any activity in presence of nitro blue tetrazolium
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
ir
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
r
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
r
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
r
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
with artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate and dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
with artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate and dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
with artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate and dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
with artificial electron acceptors phenazine methosulfate and dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
4-pregnene-3,20-dione + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-3,20 dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-pregnene-3,20-dione + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-3,20 dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
4-pregnene-3,20-dione + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-3,20 dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
4-pregnene-3,20-dione + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-3,20 dione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
KSTD3 shows highest activity on 5alpha-testosterone which is also known as 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-3-one
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
KSTD3 shows highest activity on 5alpha-testosterone which is also known as 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-3-one
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
KSTD3 shows highest activity on 5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol which is also known as 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-3-one
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
KSTD3 shows highest activity on 5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol which is also known as 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstane-3-one
-
-
?
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
(5alpha,17beta)-17-hydroxyandrost-1-en-3-one + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
KSTD3 shows highest activity with 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
-
-
?
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
KSTD3 shows highest activity with 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
-
-
?
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
KSTD3 shows highest activity with 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
-
-
?
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5beta-androst-1-en-3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
KSTD3 shows highest activity with 5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
-
-
?
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5alpha-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
5alpha-pregn-1-en-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
preferred substrate of isozyme KSTD2
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol system. The enzyme does not show any activity in presence of nitro blue tetrazolium
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate/2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol system. The enzyme does not show any activity in presence of nitro blue tetrazolium
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
?
cholesterol + acceptor
?
-
KsdD2 exhibits low but detectable activity in the cholesterol degradation process
-
-
?
cholesterol + acceptor
?
-
KsdD2 exhibits low but detectable activity in the cholesterol degradation process
-
-
?
cortisone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,11,20-trione + reduced acceptor
-
4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,11,20-trione
-
-
?
cortisone + acceptor
1,4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,11,20-trione + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
progesterone + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
-
?
progesterone + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
-
?
progesterone + 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenol-indophenol
-
-
-
?
testosterone + acceptor
17beta-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
testosterone + acceptor
17beta-hydroxyandrost-1,4-diene-3-one + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
3-oxo-5beta-steroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase is active only on 5beta-steroids
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme works in an early step of steroid degradation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme works in an early step of steroid degradation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
not: 3beta-hydroxysteroid, no electron acceptor: NADP+, K3Fe(CN)6, cytochrome c, 3-ketosteroids with a 11alpha- or 11beta-hydroxyl group are oxidized at slow rate, catalyzes aromatization of the A-ring of 19-nortestosterone and 19-norandrostenedione to produce estradiol and estrone, 19-hydroxytestosterone, 19-hydroxyandrosterone, 19-hydroxyandrostenedione and 19-oxotestosterone are converted to the respective phenolic steroids with cleavage of the C10 side-chain
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor: vitamin K2 (35), only 1-4% product formation as compared to 85-98% formation of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione when phenazine methosulfate or menadione are used
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bisnor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol, 17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bisnor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol, 17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
substrate must have a 3-oxo-group, a DELTA4-double bond and axial hydrogens at 1alpha and 2beta positions
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor: phenazine methosulfate
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor: vitamin K2 (35), only 1-4% product formation as compared to 85-98% formation of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione when phenazine methosulfate or menadione are used
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
4-androstene-3,17-dione, 9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 11beta-cortisol, 23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid, 5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, [1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione], 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
5beta-androstane-3,17-dione, 1-(5alpha)-androstene-3,17-dione, 11alpha-hydroxy-4-norandrostene-3,17-dione, 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, dehydroisoandrosterone, 4-cholesten-3-one, 5alpha-cholestan-3-one, and 5alpha-androstan-3beta-ol,17-one are no substrates
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
-
acceptor: vitamin K2 (35), only 1-4% product formation as compared to 85-98% formation of 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione when phenazine methosulfate or menadione are used
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
3-oxosteroid + acceptor
3-oxo-DELTA1-steroid + reduced acceptor
-
key catalyst in microbial steroid metabolism
-
-
-
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
Q8RLT5
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
Q8RLT5
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
r
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
r
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
C6KID9
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
-
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
C6KID9
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
Q9RA02
-
-
-
?
4-androstene-3,17-dione + FAD
1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione + FADH2
Q9RA02
-
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
Q8RLT5
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione + acceptor
9alpha-hydroxy-1,4-androstadiene 3,17-dione + reduced acceptor
Q8RLT5
involved in steroid catabolism
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Q06401
enzyme works in an early step of steroid degradation
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
Q06401
enzyme works in an early step of steroid degradation
-
-
-
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
-
contains 1 mol of flavin adenine dinucleotide per mol of protein
FAD
-
putative N-terminal FAD-binding motif in KsdDM is GSG(A/G)(A/G)(A/G)X17E
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
-
stimulates production of prednisolone, optimal activity in presence of 0.4 g/L
FeCl3
-
optimal concentration 0.06 g/l, 1.2-1.3fold increase of activity
K+
-
stimulates production of prednisolone, optimal activity in presence of 0.4 g/L
Mg2+
-
stimulates production of prednisolone, optimal activity in presence of 0.4 g/L
MnSO4
-
optimal concentration 0.06 g/l, 1.2-1.3fold increase of activity
Na+
-
stimulates production of prednisolone, optimal activity in presence of 0.6 g/L
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
cortisol
-
optimal concentration is 0.1 mg/ml, increase of concentration to 1 mg/ml reduces prednisolone yield
additional information
-
not sensitive to carbonyl reagents and little sensitivity to metal chelating agents
-
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0064
11-deoxy-17alpha-hydroxycorticosterone
-
i.e. 4-pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione
0.0196
11alpha-hydroxyprogesterone
-
i.e. 4-pregnene-11alpha-ol-3,20-dione, 11beta-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, 4-estren-3,17-dione
0.0063
11beta-hydroxytestosterone
-
i.e. 4-androstene-11beta,17beta-diol-3-one
0.0385
hydrocorticosterone
-
i.e. 4-pregnene-11beta,17alpha,21-triol-3,20-dione
0.0143
testololactone
-
i.e. 17alpha-oxo-D-homo-1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione
0.064
11beta-cortisol
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.557
11beta-cortisol
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.026
23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.074
23,24-bis-nor-5alpha-cholestan-3-one acid
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.005
4-androstene-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.104
4-androstene-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.006
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.036
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.07
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.166
5alpha-androstan-3-one-17beta-ol
-
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.013
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.033
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
-
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.036
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.059
5alpha-androstane-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.007
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.014
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.021
5alpha-pregnane-3,20-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.058
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.119
9alpha-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.003
progesterone
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.018
progesterone
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.029
progesterone
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
0.065
progesterone
-
apparent value, in 50 mM Tris (pH 7.4), at 30°C
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.000015
-
intracellular, soluble, recombinant enzyme, in 0.86 M Tris-HCl (pH9.0), 150 mM phenazine methosulfate, at 25°C, using 4-androstene-3,17-dione as substrate
0.000111
-
exracellular, soluble, recombinant enzyme, in 0.86 M Tris-HCl (pH9.0), 150 mM phenazine methosulfate, at 25°C, using 4-androstene-3,17-dione as substrate
0.8
soluble recombinant His-tagged enzyme, cell extract, pH 7.0, 30°C
1.75
-
recombinant enzyme expressed in Bacillus subtilis, pH 7.0, 30°C
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
8 - 9
-
3-oxo-5beta-steroid DELTA1-dehydrogenase is active only on 5beta-steroids
10
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7 - 10.5
-
pH 7: about 60% of activity maximum, pH 10.5: about 85% of activity maximum, phenazine methosulfate dehydrogenation
8 - 11
-
pH 8: about 35% of activity maximum, pH 11: about 25% of activity maximum, oxidase reaction
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
30
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
55000
55000
-
SDS-PAGE, recombinant protein, expression in Escherichia coli
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
monomer
monomer
-
1 * 55000, SDS-PAGE, PAGE, gel filtration, N-terminal sequence
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
sitting drop vapour diffusion method, mixing of 15 mg/ml protein in 25 mM bicine, pH 9.0, 100 mM NaCl, 10% v/v glycerol with 2% v/v PEG 400, 0.1 M, HEPES, pH 7.5, 2.0 M ammonium sulfate, 20°C, 5-7 days, method optimization, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 2.0 A resolution, multiwavelength anomalous dispersion analysis
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6 - 9
below pH 6.0 no apparent Tm is observed, indicating that DELTA1-KSTD1 is destabilized at low pH. The higher the pH value, within the range of pH 6.0-9.0, the higher the apparent Tm of DELTA1-KSTD1. At pH 9.0 the apparent Tm of DELTA1-KSTD1 is about 7 K higher than at pH 7.0
723868
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
immobilized enzyme, adsorption on DEAE cellulose, half-life: 13-15 days
KSTD3 activity is lost upon purification using Ni-NTA column chromatography
immobilized enzyme, adsorption on DEAE cellulose, half-life: 13-15 days
-
immobilized enzyme, adsorption on DEAE cellulose, half-life: 13-15 days
Nocardia erythropolis
-
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ORGANIC SOLVENT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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STORAGE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
KSTD3 activity is lost upon purification using Ni-NTA column chromatography
recombinant enzyme from Pichia pastoris GS115 by hydrophobic interaction chromatography, recombinant His-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(lambdaDE3) by nickel affinity chromatography
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recombinant His-tagged DELTA1-KSTD1 from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography and gel filtration
recombinant His-tagged enzyme by nickel affinity chromatography
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells; expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells; expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
expression in Escherichia coli
gene ksdD, phylogenetic analysis, expression in Bacillus subtilis strain 168 with 18fold higher activity compared to wild-type Mycobacterium neoaurum strain JC-12
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gene kstD, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, phylogenetic tree, heterologous expression of the His-tagged enzyme, by low-temperature induction at 22°C, the recombinant protein appears partly as soluble protein
gene kstD1, heterologous expression of the His-tagged DELTA1-KSTD1 protein in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
gene kstDF, DNA and amino acid sequence determination, analysis, and comparison, expression in Escherichia coli strain BL21(lambdaDE3) and in Pichia pastoris strains KM71 and GS115 cytoplasm, both intracellularly and extracelluarly, the latter is inactive, method optimization
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into the pJam2 expression vector under the acetamidase promoter and introduced into the deltaksdD-1 mutant
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site directed mutagenesis of steroid binding site, Y-121 involved in catalytic function, Y-116, Y-104 involved in substrate binding
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under control of the Phsp promoter and introduced into mutant cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis
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unmarked gene deletion, biochemical evidence for a second 3-ketosteroid-DELTA1-dehydrogenase
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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
construction of a mutant Mtb H37Rv strain containing an inactivated kstD gene, DELTAkstD, which encodes 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase by homologous recombination-based gene-replacement technique. Replication of mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attenuated in resting human macrophages compared to the wild-type or complemented strains. The mutant is unable to inhibit the NO and reactive oxygen species production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in infected resting macrophages. But mutant and wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis behave similarly in macrophages activated with IFN-gamma before and during infection. The mutant is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy and has a limited ability to multiply
construction of a mutant Mtb H37Rv strain containing an inactivated kstD gene, DELTAkstD, which encodes 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase by homologous recombination-based gene-replacement technique. Replication of mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attenuated in resting human macrophages compared to the wild-type or complemented strains. The mutant is unable to inhibit the NO and reactive oxygen species production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in infected resting macrophages. But mutant and wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis behave similarly in macrophages activated with IFN-gamma before and during infection. The mutant is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy and has a limited ability to multiply
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construction of a mutant Mtb H37Rv strain containing an inactivated kstD gene, DELTAkstD, which encodes 3-ketosteroid 1(2)-dehydrogenase by homologous recombination-based gene-replacement technique. Replication of mutant Mycobacterium tuberculosis is attenuated in resting human macrophages compared to the wild-type or complemented strains. The mutant is unable to inhibit the NO and reactive oxygen species production induced through Toll-like receptor 2 signaling in infected resting macrophages. But mutant and wild-type Mycobacterium tuberculosis behave similarly in macrophages activated with IFN-gamma before and during infection. The mutant is unable to use cholesterol as a source of carbon and energy and has a limited ability to multiply
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
additional information
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targeted disruption of the MSMEG5898 (ksdD-1) gene, but not the MSMEG4855 (ksdD-2) gene, results in partial inactivation of the cholesterol degradation pathway and accumulation of the intermediate 4-androstene-3,17-dione, reversible by the introduction of the wild-type ksdD-1 gene into deltaksdD-1 or overexpression of ksdD-2
additional information
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targeted disruption of the MSMEG5898 (ksdD-1) gene, but not the MSMEG4855 (ksdD-2) gene, results in partial inactivation of the cholesterol degradation pathway and accumulation of the intermediate 4-androstene-3,17-dione, reversible by the introduction of the wild-type ksdD-1 gene into deltaksdD-1 or overexpression of ksdD-2
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
synthesis
additional information
synthesis
engineered enzyme mutants, in which KsdDM is inactivated or augmented, are useful for production of phytosterols 4-androstene-3,17-dione or 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, circumventing the difficulty of separating 4-androstene-3,17-dione from 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, a key bottleneck to the microbial transformation of phytosterols in industry
synthesis
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kstDF is a promising enzyme in steroid DELTA1-dehydrogenation and steroid reduction that is propitious to construct genetically engineered steroid-transforming recombinants by heterologous overexpression
synthesis
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kstDF is a promising enzyme in steroid DELTA1-dehydrogenation and steroid reduction that is propitious to construct genetically engineered steroid-transforming recombinants by heterologous overexpression
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synthesis
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engineered enzyme mutants, in which KsdDM is inactivated or augmented, are useful for production of phytosterols 4-androstene-3,17-dione or 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, circumventing the difficulty of separating 4-androstene-3,17-dione from 1,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, a key bottleneck to the microbial transformation of phytosterols in industry
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additional information
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ksdD-1 and ksdD-2 display respectively high (78%) and low (33%) amino acid sequence identity with the putative ksdD gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
additional information
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the two putative Mycobacterium tuberculosis KsdDs, MT3641 and MT0809, complement the Mycobacterium smegmatis deltaksdD-1 deltaksdD-2 double mutant
additional information
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ksdD-1 and ksdD-2 display respectively high (78%) and low (33%) amino acid sequence identity with the putative ksdD gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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