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Information on EC 1.3.7.11 - 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductase
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1.3.7.11 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductaseIUBMB Comments
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. It catalyses the reduction of all 8 double bonds in 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipids and all 4 double bonds in 3-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol phospholipids with comparable activity. Unlike EC 1.3.1.101, 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase [NAD(P)H], this enzyme shows no activity with NADPH, and requires a dedicated ferredoxin .
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota
Reaction Schemes
+
16
=
+
16
+
16
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid
+
16
oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
=
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid
+
16
reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
+
16
Synonyms
ma1492, saggr, af0464, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
CrtI homologue
digeranylgeranylglycerophospholipid reductase
EC 1.3.99.34
-
-
formerly
-
geranylgeranyl reductase
GGR
MA1484
MA1492
MA_1484
MA_1492
phytoene dehydrogenase family protein
SaGGR
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster = a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid:ferredoxin oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. It catalyses the reduction of all 8 double bonds in 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipids and all 4 double bonds in 3-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol phospholipids with comparable activity. Unlike EC 1.3.1.101, 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase [NAD(P)H], this enzyme shows no activity with NADPH, and requires a dedicated ferredoxin [4].
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
2,3-di-O-phytanylglyceryl phosphate + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
3-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
3-O-phytyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
activity is comparable to the activity with 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate as substrate
-
-
?
3-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
?
the enzyme shows a preference for 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate over 3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate in vitro
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 dithionite + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized dithionite
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
geranylgeraniol + reduced ferredoxin
14,15-dihydrogeranylgeraniol + oxidized ferredoxin
MA1492 selectively reduces the x-double bond of a geranylgeranyl group
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + reduced acceptor
?
the enzyme shows a preference for 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate over 3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate in vitro
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + reduced acceptor
phytyl diphosphate + acceptor
the enzyme does not accept NADPH. Since the physiological reducing agents for the enzyme remains unknown, sodium dithionite is used as acceptor. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is partially reduced to phytyl diphosphate with 10% of the activity compared to the complete reduction of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + reduced dithionite
hexahydro-geranylgeranyl diphoshate + oxidized dithionite
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids
-
-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
the enzyme shows a preference for 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate over 3-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate and geranylgeranyl diphosphate in vitro
-
-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids
-
-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
most preferred substrate. Since the physiological reducing agents for the enzyme remains unknown, sodium dithionite is used as acceptor
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 dithionite + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized dithionite
i.e. DGGGP-glycerol
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 dithionite + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized dithionite
i.e. DGGGP-glycerol
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium DSM 1039
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
i.e. DGGGP-glycerol
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
i.e. DGGGP-glycerol
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + reduced dithionite
hexahydro-geranylgeranyl diphoshate + oxidized dithionite
non-native substrate
-
-
?
geranylgeranyl diphosphate + reduced dithionite
hexahydro-geranylgeranyl diphoshate + oxidized dithionite
non-native substrate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity and regiospecificity of recombinant MA1492, overview. The enzyme is definitely specific to compounds containing C20 geranylgeranyl groups and reduces only one of four double bonds in a geranylgeranyl chain. GC-MS analysis of the product from geranylgeraniol confirms that the reduction selectively occurs on the omega-terminal double bond
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
substrate specificity and regiospecificity of recombinant MA1492, overview. The enzyme is definitely specific to compounds containing C20 geranylgeranyl groups and reduces only one of four double bonds in a geranylgeranyl chain. GC-MS analysis of the product from geranylgeraniol confirms that the reduction selectively occurs on the omega-terminal double bond
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
substrate specificity and regiospecificity of recombinant MA1492, overview. The enzyme is definitely specific to compounds containing C20 geranylgeranyl groups and reduces only one of four double bonds in a geranylgeranyl chain. GC-MS analysis of the product from geranylgeraniol confirms that the reduction selectively occurs on the omega-terminal double bond
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the wild-type enzyme reduces the non-native substrate geranylgeranyl diphoshate with reductant sodium dithionite and produces H6GGPP. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is bound by three binding sites for GGPP, mechansim of the enzyme orientating double bonds to be reduced by the bound FAD cofactor, overview. Catalytic reaction mechansim and substrate binding structure, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the wild-type enzyme reduces the non-native substrate geranylgeranyl diphoshate with reductant sodium dithionite and produces H6GGPP. Geranylgeranyl diphosphate is bound by three binding sites for GGPP, mechansim of the enzyme orientating double bonds to be reduced by the bound FAD cofactor, overview. Catalytic reaction mechansim and substrate binding structure, overview
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids
-
-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + reduced acceptor
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + acceptor
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
Methanobrevibacter ruminantium DSM 1039
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
a 2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 oxidized ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster
a 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycero-phospholipid + 16 reduced ferredoxin [iron-sulfur] cluster + 16 H+
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme MA1492 reacts with membrane lipid biosynthetic intermediates, i.e. geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) and geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate (GGGP), suggesting that the enzyme also reduces the intermediates
-
-
?
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
flavoprotein, the catalytic domain has a large cavity surrounded by a characteristic YxWxFPx7-8GxG motif and by the isoalloxazine ring of an FAD molecule
FAD
the GGPP DELTA14 double bond is directly adjacent to the N5 position of the FAD cofactor, binding structure, overview
Ferredoxin
dependent on, encoded by gene MA_1485, role of ferredoxin as a specific electron donor for the reductase
-
additional information
the enzyme requires sodium dithionite as the electron donor for activity in vitro. In the presence of NADPH (the preferred electron donor for plant homologues), the enzyme reaction does not proceed
-
additional information
-
the enzyme requires sodium dithionite as the electron donor for activity in vitro. In the presence of NADPH (the preferred electron donor for plant homologues), the enzyme reaction does not proceed
-
additional information
no activity with NAD(P)H, the bound flavin is reduced with dithionite but not with NAD(P)H
-
additional information
-
no activity with NAD(P)H, the bound flavin is reduced with dithionite but not with NAD(P)H
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.0067
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
wild-type enzyme, pH 5.5, 50°C
0.0088
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant I206F, pH 5.5, 50°C
0.013
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant F219L, pH 5.5, 50°C
0.0138
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant G91H, pH 5.5, 50°C
0.0156
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant L377H, pH 5.5, 50°C
0.0158
geranylgeranyl diphosphate
mutant I206F/L377H, pH 5.5, 50°C
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
evolution
physiological function
evolution
MA1492 is a distinct type of archaeal geranylgeranyl reductase that is not homologous to known geranylgeranyl reductases, but is homologous to phytoene desaturase CrtI, which is the carotenogenic enzyme that catalyzes oxidation/isomerization of phytoene to lycopene, CrtI, EC 1.3.5.6
evolution
-
MA1492 is a distinct type of archaeal geranylgeranyl reductase that is not homologous to known geranylgeranyl reductases, but is homologous to phytoene desaturase CrtI, which is the carotenogenic enzyme that catalyzes oxidation/isomerization of phytoene to lycopene, CrtI, EC 1.3.5.6
-
physiological function
the enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids
physiological function
MA1492 might play a physiological role in the membrane lipid biosynthesis
physiological function
the enzyme is essential in phospholipid biosynthesis. Reduction of the isoprenoid chains occurs only when archaeal ferredoxin is expressed with geranylgeranyl reductase, suggesting the role of ferredoxin as a specific electron donor for the reductase
physiological function
-
MA1492 might play a physiological role in the membrane lipid biosynthesis
-
physiological function
-
the enzyme is essential in phospholipid biosynthesis. Reduction of the isoprenoid chains occurs only when archaeal ferredoxin is expressed with geranylgeranyl reductase, suggesting the role of ferredoxin as a specific electron donor for the reductase
-
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UNIPROT
ENTRY NAME
ORGANISM
NO. OF AA
NO. OF TRANSM. HELICES
MOLECULAR WEIGHT[Da]
SOURCE
SEQUENCE
LOCALIZATION PREDICTION
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable).
The reliability class of the localization prediction ranges from 1 (very reliable) to 5 (not reliable). GGR1_METBU
Methanococcoides burtonii (strain DSM 6242 / NBRC 107633 / OCM 468 / ACE-M)
408
1
44163
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METMA
Methanosarcina mazei (strain ATCC BAA-159 / DSM 3647 / Goe1 / Go1 / JCM 11833 / OCM 88)
407
0
44147
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METMJ
Methanoculleus marisnigri (strain ATCC 35101 / DSM 1498 / JR1)
398
0
42479
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METPE
Methanosphaerula palustris (strain ATCC BAA-1556 / DSM 19958 / E1-9c)
399
0
43195
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METTP
Methanothrix thermoacetophila (strain DSM 6194 / JCM 14653 / NBRC 101360 / PT)
391
0
42335
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR2_METBU
Methanococcoides burtonii (strain DSM 6242 / NBRC 107633 / OCM 468 / ACE-M)
406
0
44270
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_HALVD
Haloferax volcanii (strain ATCC 29605 / DSM 3757 / JCM 8879 / NBRC 14742 / NCIMB 2012 / VKM B-1768 / DS2)
410
0
45449
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METAC
Methanosarcina acetivorans (strain ATCC 35395 / DSM 2834 / JCM 12185 / C2A)
407
0
44503
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METAR
Methanocella arvoryzae (strain DSM 22066 / NBRC 105507 / MRE50)
392
0
41749
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METB6
Methanoregula boonei (strain DSM 21154 / JCM 14090 / 6A8)
398
0
42701
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METBF
Methanosarcina barkeri (strain Fusaro / DSM 804)
407
0
44313
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METHJ
Methanospirillum hungatei JF-1 (strain ATCC 27890 / DSM 864 / NBRC 100397 / JF-1)
402
0
43045
Swiss-Prot
-
GGR_METLZ
Methanocorpusculum labreanum (strain ATCC 43576 / DSM 4855 / Z)
397
0
42483
Swiss-Prot
-
A0A1Q9NP34_HEILC
Heimdallarchaeota archaeon (strain LC_2)
457
0
51910
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V4TT88_9ARCH
318
0
36058
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V4TPC5_9ARCH
385
0
41216
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V6IKL9_9EURY
392
0
42960
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V4YT92_9EURY
393
0
44899
TrEMBL
-
G7WMF1_METH6
Methanosaeta harundinacea (strain 6Ac)
391
0
41615
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Q9NDI3_9ARCH
134
0
14973
TrEMBL
-
A0A7C0X1Y4_9EURY
391
0
41934
TrEMBL
-
A0A811TEE1_9EURY
398
0
42825
TrEMBL
-
A0A811T6G0_9EURY
392
0
41908
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V4YG19_9EURY
450
0
48990
TrEMBL
-
A0A150IYW0_9EURY
372
0
42248
TrEMBL
-
A0A7H1KNQ9_9EURY
424
0
45628
TrEMBL
-
A0A0P8A8V0_9EURY
335
0
36741
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V5ZCJ9_9EURY
384
0
41682
TrEMBL
-
A0A150II86_9EURY
356
0
40269
TrEMBL
-
A0A284VM31_9EURY
343
0
37187
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V4YBC2_9EURY
409
0
45478
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V6IQF7_9EURY
371
0
42002
TrEMBL
-
A0A257ARJ8_9EURY
407
0
43580
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Q9NKN3_9ARCH
457
0
51488
TrEMBL
-
A0A564PZ14_9EURY
350
0
38977
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Q9N719_ODILC
Odinarchaeota archaeon (strain LCB_4)
400
0
44163
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Q9N8U2_ODILC
Odinarchaeota archaeon (strain LCB_4)
363
0
41579
TrEMBL
-
A0A7R9N0Q3_9EURY
389
0
44072
TrEMBL
-
A0A520K5H5_9EURY
394
0
42956
TrEMBL
-
A0A1V5YFA2_9EURY
377
0
41849
TrEMBL
-
A0A7G9YLJ9_9EURY
405
0
43249
TrEMBL
-