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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.3.1.101 - 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase [NAD(P)H]
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The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Thermoplasma acidophilum
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.3.1.101
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate reductase [NAD(P)H]
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2,3-bis-(O-phytanyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+ = 2,3-bis-(O-geranylgeranyl)-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase
A flavoprotein (FAD). The enzyme from the archaeon Thermoplasma acidophilum is involved in the biosynthesis of membrane lipids. In vivo the reaction occurs in the reverse direction with the formation of 2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate. cf. EC 1.3.7.11, 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycero-phospholipid reductase.
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
physiological function
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the enzyme catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. The saturation of hydrocarbon chains confers the ability to resist hydrolysis and oxidation and helps archaea withstand extreme conditions
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glyceryl 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
the enzyme catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. The saturation of hydrocarbon chains confers the ability to resist hydrolysis and oxidation and helps archaea withstand extreme conditions
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2,3-bis-O-phytyl-sn-glycero-phosphoethanolamine + NAD(P)H + H+
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?
2,3-bis-O-phytyl-sn-glyceryl phosphate + NAD(P)H + H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + NAD(P)+
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?
3-O-(2,3-bis-O-phytyl-sn-glycero-phospho)-sn-glycerol + NAD(P)H + H+
?
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additional information
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neither 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranylglycerol nor 2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranylglyceryl phosphate dimethyl ester is recognized as a substrate
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2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
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?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
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formation of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glyceryl phosphate (archaetidic acid), which is the basic core structure of archaeal membrane lipids
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?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
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formation of 2,3-di-O-phytanylglyceryl phosphate, which is the basic core structure of archaeal membrane lipids
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?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glyceryl 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
Q9HKS9
the enzyme catalyzes a critical step in the biosynthesis of archaeal membrane lipids. The saturation of hydrocarbon chains confers the ability to resist hydrolysis and oxidation and helps archaea withstand extreme conditions
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-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
-
formation of 2,3-di-O-phytanyl-sn-glyceryl phosphate (archaetidic acid), which is the basic core structure of archaeal membrane lipids
-
-
?
2,3-bis-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)H + 8 H+
2,3-bis-O-phytanyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate + 8 NAD(P)+
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formation of 2,3-di-O-phytanylglyceryl phosphate, which is the basic core structure of archaeal membrane lipids
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?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
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the sequence PxxYxWxFP defines a specificity pocket in the enzyme and precisely aligns the double bond of the geranyl group with respect to the FAD cofactor, thus providing a structural basis for the substrate specificity of geranylgeranyl reductases. FAD switches between two conformations that correspond to the reductive and oxidative half cycles. The structure provides evidence that substrate binding likely involves conformational changes, which are coupled to the two conformational states of the FAD
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
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the enzyme does not require metal ions for activity
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INHIBITORS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
0.0115
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pH 6.5, 50�C, substrate: 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol 1-phosphate
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
vapor-diffusion method, crystal structure at 1.6 A resolution, in complex with flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and a bacterial lipid
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.3.1.101)
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