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Information on EC 1.2.98.1 - formaldehyde dismutase
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1.2.98.1 formaldehyde dismutaseIUBMB Comments
The enzyme contains a tightly but noncovalently bound NADP(H) cofactor, as well as Zn2+ and Mg2+. Enzyme-bound NADPH formed by oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is oxidized back to NADP+ by reaction with a second formaldehyde, yielding methanol. The enzyme from the bacterium Mycobacterium sp. DSM 3803 also catalyses the reactions of EC 1.1.99.36, alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein) and EC 1.1.99.37, methanol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein) . Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde can act as donors; formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal can act as acceptors [1,2].
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Word Map
- 1.2.98.1
- methanol
- putida
-
dismutation
- horse
-
nicotinoproteins
- methylobacterium
-
formic
-
detoxifying
-
zinc-containing
- synthesis
- amycolatopsis
- erythropolis
-
lyophilized
-
rhodococcus
-
one-half
- benzaldehyde
- methanolica
-
dehydrogenation
-
groesl
-
enzyme-bound
-
dissimilate
- degradation
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Archaea, Eukaryota
Synonyms
formaldehyde dismutase, aldehyde dismutase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
aldehyde dismutase
-
-
-
-
cannizzanase
dismutase, formaldehyde
-
-
-
-
EC 1.2.99.4
-
-
formerly
-
FDM
N,N9-dimethyl-4-nitrosoaniline oxidoreductase
cannizzanase
-
-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
2 formaldehyde + H2O = formate + methanol
-
-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
cannizzaro reaction
-
-
-
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
-
-
dismutation
-
-
-
-
oxidation
-
-
-
-
redox reaction
-
-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
formaldehyde:formaldehyde oxidoreductase
The enzyme contains a tightly but noncovalently bound NADP(H) cofactor, as well as Zn2+ and Mg2+. Enzyme-bound NADPH formed by oxidation of formaldehyde to formate is oxidized back to NADP+ by reaction with a second formaldehyde, yielding methanol. The enzyme from the bacterium Mycobacterium sp. DSM 3803 also catalyses the reactions of EC 1.1.99.36, alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein) and EC 1.1.99.37, methanol dehydrogenase (nicotinoprotein) [3]. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde can act as donors; formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propanal can act as acceptors [1,2].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
85204-94-0
-
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
1-butanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-butanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
1-pentanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-pentanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
1-propanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-propanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
2 propanal + H2O
propanoate + 1-propanol
-
-
-
?
cyclohexanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
cyclohexanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
50% of activity with ethanol
-
?
n-butanol + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
butyraldehyde + isobutanol
-
in general: RCH2OH + R'CHO = RCHO + R'CH2OH, aliphatic alcohols with longer carbon chains than C-5, secondary alcohols, diols and aromatic alcohols and the corresponding aldehydes are no substrates
-
r
n-hexanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-hexanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
14% of activity with ethanol
-
?
1-butanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-butanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
1-butanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-butanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
96.2% of activity with ethanol or methanol
-
?
1-butanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-butanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
96.2% of activity with ethanol or methanol
-
?
1-pentanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-pentanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
1-pentanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-pentanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
9.62% of activity with ethanol
-
?
1-pentanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-pentanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
9.62% of activity with ethanol
-
?
1-propanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-propanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
1-propanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-propanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
1-propanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
n-propanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
2 formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
-
-
?
ethanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
ethanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
ethanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
ethanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
ethanol + p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
ethanal + reduced p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline
-
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
dismutation of formaldehyde and use of degradation products as carbon source
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
dismutation of formaldehyde and use of degradation products as carbon source
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + acrolein
formate + allyl alcohol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + butyraldehyde
formate + butanol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + butyraldehyde
formate + butanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + butyraldehyde
formate + butanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + butyraldehyde
formate + butanol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + butyraldehyde
formate + butanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + crotonaldehyde
formate + crotonyl alcohol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + crotonaldehyde
formate + crotonyl alcohol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + crotonaldehyde
formate + crotonyl alcohol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + crotonaldehyde
formate + crotonyl alcohol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
formate + isobutanol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
formate + isobutanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
formate + isobutanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
formate + isobutanol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + isobutyraldehyde
formate + isobutanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
coupled oxidoreduction without addition of an electron acceptor
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
in general: RCHO + R'CHO = RCOOH + R'CH2OH
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
-
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O + propionaldehyde
formate + propanol
-
cross-dismutation
-
?
formate + methanol
formaldehyde
-
the utilization of methanol can be accelerated by adding formate, which helps oxidize methanol and win biologically energy. This pseudo-oxidation is catalyzed by a reverse formaldehyde dismutase
-
-
?
formate + methanol
formaldehyde
-
the utilization of methanol can be accelerated by adding formate, which helps oxidize methanol and win biologically energy. This pseudo-oxidation is catalyzed by a reverse formaldehyde dismutase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme additionally displays methanol:p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline oxidoreductase activity, reaction of EC 1.1.99.36
-
-
-
additional information
?
-
enzyme additionally displays methanol:p-nitroso-N,N-dimethylaniline oxidoreductase activity, reaction of EC 1.1.99.36
-
-
-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
dismutation of formaldehyde and use of degradation products as carbon source
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
dismutation of formaldehyde and use of degradation products as carbon source
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formaldehyde + H2O
formate + methanol
-
route of detoxification
-
?
formate + methanol
formaldehyde
-
the utilization of methanol can be accelerated by adding formate, which helps oxidize methanol and win biologically energy. This pseudo-oxidation is catalyzed by a reverse formaldehyde dismutase
-
-
?
formate + methanol
formaldehyde
-
the utilization of methanol can be accelerated by adding formate, which helps oxidize methanol and win biologically energy. This pseudo-oxidation is catalyzed by a reverse formaldehyde dismutase
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADH
-
each subunit contains 1 mol NADH per mol, binds firmly at each active site, enzyme-bound NAD(H) is reduced and oxidized only by the added second substrate (alcohol, aldehyde) not by exogenous electron acceptor
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Zinc
Zn2+
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
additional information
-
not inhibited by AMP, ADP, ATP and N-methylnicotinamide chloride
-
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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Ki VALUE [mM]
INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
6000
-
enzyme activity in resting cells grown on mineral salts medium with 0.04% formaldehyde
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
5 - 9.5
-
pH 5: about 10% of activity maximum, pH 9.5: about 50% of activity maximum, no activity at pH 10
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
40
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pI VALUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
liver alcoholdehydrogenase class II, class I isoenzymes beta1,beta1 and gamma2,gamma2
-
-
brenda
bifunctional enzyme. In addition to dismutase activity, enzyme oxidizes ethanol and formaldehyde as well as methanol
UniProt
brenda
bifunctional enzyme. In addition to dismutase activity, enzyme oxidizes ethanol and formaldehyde as well as methanol
UniProt
brenda