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1-methylhypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylxanthine + NADH
-
10% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH + H+
1-naphthaldehyde + NAD+ + ?
? + NADH
27.5% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
2 2-hydroxypurine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O
xanthine + 2,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
considerable activity
84% xanthine, 8% 2,8-dihydroxypurine formed
?
2 hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O
xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
preferred substrate
100% xanthine, 51% 6,8-dihydroxypurine formed
?
2,6-diaminopurine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
-
poor substrate
-
-
?
2,6-dichloroindophenol + NADH + H+
reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + NAD+
2,6-dithiopurine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
26% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + methylene blue + H2O
isoxanthopterin + reduced methylene blue
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
2-amino-4-hydroxypterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
2-amino-4-hydroxypterin + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
isoxanthopterin + reduced nitroblue tetrazolium
2-hydroxy-6-methylpurine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
-
poor substrate
-
-
?
2-hydroxypurine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
35% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine, purine not oxidized
-
?
2-OH-purine + ferricyanide + H2O
? + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
2-thioxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
2-thiourate + NADH
-
57% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
2-thioxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
2-thiourate + NADH + H+
3 purine + 3 NAD+ + 3 H2O
hypoxanthine + 8-hydroxypurine + 2-hydroxypurine + 3 NADH + 3 H+
-
poor substrate
2.3% hypoxanthine, 2.3% 8-hydroxypurine and traces of 2-hydroxypurine formed
?
3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
3,4-dihydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+
3-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
3-methylurate + ferrocyanide
4-aminoimidazole-5-carboxamide + NADP+ + H2O
? + NADPH
-
38% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine-NADP+
-
?
4-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-dimethylaminobenzoate + NADH
-
0.3% activity compared to xanthine
-
-
?
4-hydroxybenzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
4-hydroxybenzoate + NADH + H+
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + ferricyanide + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + ferrocyanide
-
i.e. allopurinol
-
?
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + methyl viologen + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + reduced methyl viologen
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + NAD+ + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + NADH
4-hydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
4,6-dihydroxypyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine + reduced nitroblue tetrazolium
5-aminoimidazol-4-carboxamide + methyl viologen + H2O
? + reduced methyl viologen
-
1.1% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
6,8-dihydropurine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
50% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
6,8-dihydroxypurine + NAD+ + H2O
urate + NADH
-
-
18% urate formed
?
6,8-dihydroxypurine + O2
? + H2O2
-
-
-
?
6,8-dihydroxypurine + O2 + H2O
? + H2O2
-
-
-
?
6-mercaptopurine + methyl viologen + H2O
? + reduced methyl viologen
-
9.5% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
6-thioxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
6-thiourate + NADH
-
63% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
6-thioxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
6-thiourate + NADH + H+
-
effective substrate
-
-
?
6-thioxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH + H+
-
good substrate
-
-
?
8-azahypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
8-azaxanthine + NADH
8-azaxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
8-aza-urate + NADH
-
very low activity
-
?
9-methylhypoxanthine + O2
9-methylxanthine + H2O2
-
-
-
?
abscisic aldehyde + NAD+ + ?
? + NADH
28.9% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
acetaldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
?
acetaldehyde + ferricyanide + H2O
acetic acid + ferrocyanide
-
5% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
acetate + NADH + H+
acetaldehyde + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
acetic acid + reduced nitroblue tetrazolium
-
very low activity
-
?
adenine + ferricyanide + H2O
urate + ferrocyanide
-
12% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
adenine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
adenine-N1-oxide + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
3.4% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
benzaldehyde + 2 ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
4% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
benzaldehyde + ferricyanide + H2O
benzoate + 2 ferrocyanide + 2 H+
-
-
-
?
benzaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
benzoate + NADH + H+
benzaldehyde + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
benzoate + reduced nitroblue tetrazolium
-
very low activity
-
?
benzaldehyde + O2
benzoate + H2O2
-
-
-
?
cinnamaldehyde + H2O + acceptor
cinnamic acid + reduced acceptor
-
-
-
?
glyceraldehyde + 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
?
guanine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
81.3% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
heptaldehyde + NAD+ + ?
? + NADH
12.5% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + 2 NAD+ + 2 H2O
urate + 2 NADH + 2 H+
hypoxanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O
xanthine + ?
hypoxanthine + cytochrome c + H2O
xanthine + reduced cytochrome c
-
2.1% of the activity compared to NAD+
-
?
hypoxanthine + ferricyanide
xanthine + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
xanthine + ferrocyanide
hypoxanthine + methyl viologen + H2O
xanthine + reduced methyl viologen
hypoxanthine + methylene blue + H2O
xanthine + reduced methylene blue
-
39% of the activity compared to NAD+ as electron acceptor
-
?
hypoxanthine + NAD+ + 2 H2O
urate + NADH + H+
hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H+ + O2- + H2O
xanthine + NADH + H2O2
hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
urate + ? + NADH
-
149% activity compared to xanthine
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
xanthine + NADH + H+
hypoxanthine + NADH
? + NO2- + NAD+
-
0.1% of the xanthine oxidation rate
-
?
hypoxanthine + NADP+ + H2O
xanthine + NADPH
hypoxanthine + nitroblue tetrazolium
xanthine + ?
hypoxanthine + O2
xanthine + H2O2
hypoxanthine + O2 + H2O
xanthine + O2-
hypoxanthine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
urate + ?
hypoxanthine + thio-NAD+ + H2O
xanthine + thio-NADH
-
-
-
?
hypoxanthine + urate
xanthine + 6,8-dihydroxypurine
-
oxygen-free assay
-
r
hypoxanthine + uric acid imine
?
-
uric acid in its 2-electron oxidized form is able to act as an artificial electron acceptor from XDH in an electrochemically driven catalytic system
-
-
?
indole-3-acetaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
indole-3-acetate + NADH + H+
-
and similar aldehydes, 2-3% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
indole-3-carboxaldehyde + NAD+ + ?
? + NADH
31.3% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
inosine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
low activity
-
?
isoguanine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
7.3% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
N-methylnicontinamide + NADP+ + H2O
? + NADPH
-
low activity, only a substrate at pH values above 8.0
-
?
NAD(P)H + H+ + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
NAD(P)+ + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
r
NADH + electron acceptor + H2O
NAD+ + reduced electron acceptor
NADH + O2 + H+
NAD+ + O2- + H2O2
-
xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes NADH oxidation leading to the formation of one O2- radical and half a H2O2 molecule, at rates three times those observed for xanthine oxidase. NADH efficiently oxidizes xanthine dehydrogenase, but only a great excess of NADH reduces xanthine oxidase
-
-
?
NADH + reduced phenazine methosulfate + cytochrome c
NAD+ + ?
-
no activity for the mutant E89K
-
?
NADPH + electron acceptor + H2O
NADP+ + reduced electron acceptor
-
electron acceptors: 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, methyl viologen, benzyl viologen, methylene blue
-
?
NADPH + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
NADP+ + reduced nitroblue tetrazolium
NADPH + O2
NADP+ + O2- + H+
-
high NADPH oxidase activity
-
?
NADPH + phenazine methosulfate + cytochrome c
NADP+ + ?
-
-
-
?
phthalazine + NAD+ + H2O
1-(2H)-phthalazinone + NADH
-
0.4% activity compared to xanthine
-
-
?
propionaldehyde + NAD+ + H2O
propionic acid + NADH
-
low activity
-
?
pterin + 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
?
pterin + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
-
-
-
?
purine + 2,6-dichloroindophenol + H2O
?
purine + ferricyanide + H2O
urate + ferrocyanide
-
108% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
purine + methyl viologen + H2O
? + reduced methyl viologen
-
2% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
purine + NAD+ + ?
? + NADH
10.3% of the activity with xanthine
-
-
?
purine + NAD+ + H2O
8-hydroxypurine + NADH + H+
purine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
purine + NADP+ + H2O
? + NADPH
-
60% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
purine + nitroblue tetrazolium
?
-
low activity
-
-
?
quinazoline + NAD+ + H2O
4-(3H)-quinazolinone + NADH
-
2% activity compared to xanthine
-
-
?
salicylaldehyde + ferricyanide + H2O
salicylate + ferrocyanide
-
2% of the activity compared to xanthine
-
?
salicylaldehyde + O2
salicylate + H2O2
-
-
-
r
theobromine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
very low activity
-
?
theophylline + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
low activity
-
?
urate + NADH
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
?
xanthine + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + H2O
urate + ?
xanthine + 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide+ + H2O
urate + 3-acetylpyridine-adenine dinucleotide(H)
xanthine + benzyl viologen + H2O
urate + reduced benzyl viologen
xanthine + cytochrome c + H2O
urate + reduced cytochrome c
xanthine + DCIP + H2O
urate + reduced DCIP
-
-
-
-
?
xanthine + FAD + H2O
urate + FADH2
-
35% of the activity compared to methylene blue as electron acceptor
-
?
xanthine + ferredoxin + H2O
urate + reduced ferredoxin
-
-
-
?
xanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
urate + ferrocyanide
xanthine + FMN + H2O
urate + FMNH2
-
44% of the activity compared to methylene blue as electron acceptor
-
?
xanthine + iodonitrotetrazolium + H2O
urate + reduced iodonitrotetrazolium
-
-
-
?
xanthine + methyl viologen + H2O
urate + reduced methyl viologen
xanthine + methylene blue + H2O
urate + reduced methylene blue
xanthine + myoglobin + H2O
urate + reduced myoglobin
-
-
-
?
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O
urate + NADH
xanthine + NAD+ + H2O
urate + NADH + H+
xanthine + NAD+ + O2 + H2O + H+
urate + NADH + H2O2
xanthine + NADP+ + H2O
urate + NADPH
xanthine + nitroblue tetrazolium + H2O
urate + ?
xanthine + O2
hypoxanthine + ?
-
dismutation reaction
-
?
xanthine + O2 + H2O
urate + O2- + 2 H+
xanthine + p-benzoquinone + H2O
hypoxanthine + hydroquinone + ?
-
electron donor only for oxidase type
-
?
xanthine + p-benzoquinone + H2O
p-benzosemiquinone + urate
-
electron acceptor p-benzoquinone for both dehydrogenase and oxidase types
-
?
xanthine + phenazine methosulfate + cytochrome c + H2O
urate + ?
xanthine + phenazine methosulfate + H2O
urate + ?
xanthine + pyridinealdehyde-NAD+ + H2O
urate + pyridinealdehyde-NADH
-
53% of the activity compared to NAD+, low reverse activity
-
r
xanthine + riboflavin + H2O
urate + reduced riboflavin
-
41% of the activity compared to methylene blue as electron acceptor
-
?
xanthine + thio-NAD+ + H2O
urate + thio-NADH
xanthine + trinitrobenzenesulfonate + H2O
urate + ?
xanthine + ureic acid imine
?
-
uric acid in its 2-electron oxidized form is able to act as an artificial electron acceptor from XDH in an electrochemically driven catalytic system
-
-
?
xanthopterin + NAD+ + H2O
leucopterin + NADH
xanthosine + NAD+ + H2O
? + NADH
-
15.1% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
additional information
?
-
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + ferricyanide + H2O
1-methylurate + ferrocyanide
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
10% of the activity compared to hypoxanthine
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH
-
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH + H+
-
10fold reduced kred-value compared to xanthine
-
-
?
1-methylxanthine + NAD+ + H2O
1-methylurate + NADH + H+
-
rather less effective than xanthine as a substrate
-
-
?
2,6-dichloroindophenol + NADH + H+
reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
2,6-dichloroindophenol + NADH + H+
reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol + NAD+
-
-
-
-
r
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + methylene blue + H2O
isoxanthopterin + reduced methylene blue
-
-
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + methylene blue + H2O
isoxanthopterin + reduced methylene blue
-
-
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + methylene blue + H2O
isoxanthopterin + reduced methylene blue
-
-
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
precursor of the eye pigment drosopterin
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
r
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
i.e. pterin
-
?
2-amino-4-hydroxy-pterin + NAD+ + H2O
isoxanthopterin + NADH
-
conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase is strongly influenced by in vitro cell culture of alveolar epithelial cells
-
1.17.1.4 xanthine dehydrogenase
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