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Information on EC 1.1.99.22 - glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor)
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1.1.99.22 glycerol dehydrogenase (acceptor)IUBMB Comments
A quinoprotein. Also acts, more slowly, on a number of other polyols including D-sorbitol, D-arabinitol, meso-erythritol, ribitol and propane-1,2-diol.
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Word Map
- 1.1.99.22
- gluconobacter
- suboxydans
- l-sorbose
- frateurii
-
fad-containing
- oxydans
- dehydrogenases
-
mesophilic
-
thermotolerant
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Synonyms
pqq-gldh, pqq-sldh, d-pentonate 4-dehydrogenase, quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
5-keto-D-gluconate-producing enzyme
D-pentonate 4-dehydrogenase
D-sorbitol dehydrogenase subunit SldA
GLD
GLDH
glycerol dehydrogenase
NBRC3255_0235
PQQ-dependent GLDH
PQQ-GLDH
PQQ-SLDH
pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase
quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase
additional information
pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase
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-
-
additional information
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could be identical with non-purified EC 1.1.2.2 or D-arabitol dehydrogenase
additional information
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could be identical with non-purified EC 1.1.2.2 or D-arabitol dehydrogenase
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
glycerol + acceptor = glycerone + reduced acceptor
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-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
-
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redox reaction
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-
-
-
reduction
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-
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-
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
glycerol:acceptor 1-oxidoreductase
A quinoprotein. Also acts, more slowly, on a number of other polyols including D-sorbitol, D-arabinitol, meso-erythritol, ribitol and propane-1,2-diol.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
249285-11-8
EC 1.1.99.22 is undistinguishable from EC 1.1.1.6 in Chemical Abstracts
9028-14-2
EC 1.1.99.22 is undistinguishable from EC 1.1.1.6 in Chemical Abstracts
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
D-arabitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-xylulose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-arabonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-arabonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-erythronate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-dehydro-D-erythronate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-fructose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-gluconate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-gluconate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-psicose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-psicose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-ribonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-ribonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
D-sorbitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-sorbitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
L-sorbose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
galactitol + acceptor
?
-
i.e. dulcitol, 29% of activity with glycerol
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-
?
glycerol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
dihydroxyacetone + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
glycerol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
glycerone + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
glycerol + phenazine methosulfate
glycerone + reduced phenazine methosulfate
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-
-
-
?
glycerol + potassium ferricyanide
glycerone + potassium ferrocyanide
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
coupling with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
coupling with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
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-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + ubiquinone
2-oxoglutarate + ubiquinol
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-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + ubiquinone
2-oxoglutarate + ubiquinol
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-
-
-
?
D-arabitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-arabitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-arabitol + acceptor
?
-
136% of activity with glycerol oxidation
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-
?
D-arabitol + acceptor
?
-
136% of activity with glycerol oxidation
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-
?
D-arabonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-arabonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-arabonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-arabonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-arabonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-arabonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-arabonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-arabonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-erythronate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-dehydro-D-erythronate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-erythronate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-dehydro-D-erythronate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-erythronate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-dehydro-D-erythronate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-erythronate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
3-dehydro-D-erythronate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
-
?
D-fructose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-fructose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-fructose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
?
D-fructose + oxidized 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-fructose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-mannitol + acceptor
D-fructose + reduced acceptor
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26% of activity with glycerol
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?
D-psicose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-psicose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-psicose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-psicose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-psicose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-psicose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-psicose + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
5-dehydro-D-psicose + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-ribitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-ribitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-ribitol + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
? + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
-
-
?
D-ribonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-ribonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
-
?
D-ribonate + 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
4-dehydro-D-ribonate + reduced 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
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-
-
?
D-sorbitol + acceptor
L-sorbose + reduced acceptor
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45% of acticvity with glycerol
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?
D-sorbitol + acceptor
L-sorbose + reduced acceptor
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45% of acticvity with glycerol
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?
glycerol + acceptor
glycerone + reduced acceptor
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2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol/phenazine methosulfate act as in vitro acceptor, broad specificity, no substrates are: xylitol, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-gluconate, 2-keto-D-gluconate, ethanol and acetaldehyde
i.e. dihydroxyacetone
?
glycerol + acceptor
glycerone + reduced acceptor
-
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol/phenazine methosulfate act as in vitro acceptor, broad specificity, no substrates are: xylitol, D-fructose, D-glucose, D-gluconate, 2-keto-D-gluconate, ethanol and acetaldehyde
i.e. dihydroxyacetone
?
meso-erythritol + acceptor
?
-
111% of activity with glycerol
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-
?
additional information
?
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PQQ-GLDH plays a major role in L-sorbose production
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-
?
additional information
?
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the enzyme shows ubiquinol-2 oxidase activity
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme shows ubiquinol-2 oxidase activity
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?
additional information
?
-
-
PQQ-GLDH plays a major role in L-sorbose production
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-
?
additional information
?
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production of 5-keto-D-gluconate is solely dependent on enzyme
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?
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificity but high regio- and stereospecificity
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificity but high regio- and stereospecificity
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinone
2-oxoglutarate + pyrroloquinoline quinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + ubiquinone
2-oxoglutarate + ubiquinol
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-2-hydroxyglutarate + ubiquinone
2-oxoglutarate + ubiquinol
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PQQ-GLDH plays a major role in L-sorbose production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
PQQ-GLDH plays a major role in L-sorbose production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
production of 5-keto-D-gluconate is solely dependent on enzyme
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificity but high regio- and stereospecificity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
broad substrate specificity but high regio- and stereospecificity
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
acts in vitro as acceptor together with phenazine methosulfate
phenazine methosulfate
-
acts in vitro as acceptor together with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol, linked to electron-transport chain of the organism
additional information
-
NAD+, NADP+ or molecular oxygen do not act as acceptors
-
additional information
-
the enzyme is actvie with 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol
-
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
additional information
Ca2+
EDTA-treated enzyme is reactivated to almost the original level by the addition of pyrroloquinoline quinone and Ca2+
additional information
-
Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and several kinds of lantanides do not activate the enzyme
additional information
metallic ions, Mg2+, Sr2+, Ba2+, and several kinds of lantanides, are ineffective in reactivation of EDTA-trreated enzyme
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
EDTA
treatment of the membrane fraction causes a clear decrease in D-pentonate 4-dehydrogenase activity, activity is reactivated to almost the original level by the addition of pyrroloquinoline quinone and Ca2+
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
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TEMPERATURE RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
additional information
-
temperature increase reduces the enzyme activity, which can be restores by pyroloquinoline quinone. Adaptation of the CHM43 strain at 38.5°C
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
maximum activity at the end of exponential growth phase, activity occurs in various Gluconobacter species, such as Gluconobacter cerinus, Gluconobacter gluconicus, Gluconobacter suboxydans and Gluconobacter albidus
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-
brenda
genes sldB and sldA encoding the small and the large subunit of the enzyme
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-
brenda
genes sldB and sldA encoding the small and the large subunit of the enzyme
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-
brenda
identical with D-sorbitol dehydrogenase, EC1.1.99.21, and D-arabitol dehydrogenase, EC1.1.1.11
-
-
brenda
maximum activity at the end of exponential growth phase, activity occurs in various Gluconobacter species, such as Gluconobacter cerinus, Gluconobacter gluconicus, Gluconobacter suboxydans and Gluconobacter albidus
-
-
brenda
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SOURCE TISSUE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
additional information
-
temperature increase reduces the enzyme activity, which can be restored by pyroloquinoline quinone. Adaptation of the CHM43 strain at 38.5°C
brenda
additional information
-
temperature increase reduces the enzyme activity, which can be restored by pyroloquinoline quinone. Adaptation of the CHM43 strain at 38.5°C
-
brenda
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
additional information
additional information
-
the reactive center of th enzyme is orientated to the periplasmic space
-
brenda
additional information
-
the reactive center of th enzyme is orientated to the periplasmic space
-
-
brenda
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GENERAL INFORMATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
metabolism
metabolism
-
pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent glycerol dehydrogenase is a primary dehydrogenase of the respiratory chain and responsible for L-sorbose production
metabolism