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Enzyme Nomenclature
Information on EC 1.1.3.41 - alditol oxidase
for references in articles please use BRENDA:EC1.1.3.41
Word Map on EC 1.1.3.41
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The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
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EC NUMBER 
COMMENTARY 
1.1.3.41
-
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RECOMMENDED NAME
GeneOntology No.
alditol oxidase
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
xylitol + O2 = xylose + H2O2
-
-
-
-
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
proposed mechanism for the oxidation of 1,2-diols to the alpha-hydroxy acids, overview
-
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
catalytic mechanism and stereoselectivity, substrate binding occurs through a lock-and-key mechanism and does not induce conformational changes with respect to the ligand-free protein, overview
-
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
catalytic mechanism and stereoselectivity, substrate binding occurs through a lock-and-key mechanism and does not induce conformational changes with respect to the ligand-free protein, overview; proposed mechanism for the oxidation of 1,2-diols to the alpha-hydroxy acids, overview
-
-
an alditol + O2 = an aldose + H2O2
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-
-
-
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
-
-
redox reaction
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-
-
-
reduction
-
-
-
-
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PATHWAY
BRENDA Link
KEGG Link
MetaCyc Link
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
alditol:oxygen oxidoreductase
The enzyme from Streptomyces sp. IKD472 and from Streptomyces coelicolor is a monomeric oxidase containing one molecule of FAD per molecule of protein [1,2]. While xylitol (five carbons) and sorbitol (6 carbons) are the preferred substrates, other alditols, including L-threitol (four carbons), D-arabinitol (five carbons), D-galactitol (six carbons) and D-mannitol (six carbons) can also act as substrates, but more slowly [1,2]. Belongs in the vanillyl-alcohol-oxidase family of enzymes [2].
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
177322-52-0
-
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ORGANISM
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
UNIPROT
SEQUENCE DB
SOURCE
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
hydroxy(phenyl)acetic acid + H2O2
-
-
product identification by NMR
-
?
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
mandelic acid + H2O2
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the enzyme is highly enantioselective for the oxidation of (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
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-
?
1,3-butanediol + O2
3-hydroxybutanal + H2O2
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-
product identification by GC-MS
-
?
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol + O2
?
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the enzyme is highly enantioselective for the oxidation of 1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, 35% conversion to mandelic acid and two minor by-products (less than 5%) is observed after 65 h
-
-
?
1,2-pentanediol + O2
2-hydroxypentanoic acid + H2O2
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-
product identification by NMR
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?
1,2-pentanediol + O2
2-hydroxypentanoic acid + H2O2
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50% conversion after 22 h
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-
?
additional information
?
-
-
AldO catalyzes the C1 oxidation of several polyols
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additional information
?
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substrate specificity, besides alditols, 1,2-diols are reasonable substrates indicating that two adjacent hydroxy groups at C-1 and C-2 seem to be a minimal requirement for a compound in order to be effectively oxidized by AldO, overview
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-
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additional information
?
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the enzyme is able to perform oxidations of alcohols into aldehydes/ketones (single oxidation) and oxidations of alcohols into acids (double oxidation)
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-
additional information
?
-
-
AldO catalyzes the C1 oxidation of several polyols
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-
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NATURAL SUBSTRATES
NATURAL PRODUCTS
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
FAD
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a flavoprotein, the flavin cofactor is covalently linked to the polypeptide chain, covalent anchoring of the FAD cofactor is an autocatalytic process and that only occurs upon correct folding of the polypeptide chain
FAD
-
flavin-dependent oxidase with covalently linked FAD which is located at the bottom of a funnel-shaped pocket that forms the active site
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KM VALUE [mM]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
170
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
150
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
97
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
52
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
35
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
250
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
480
3-butenol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
42
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
430
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
25
L-Threitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
18
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
101
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
27
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
86
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
68
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
83
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
36
D-mannitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
1.4
D-sorbitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
350
glycerol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.29 - 0.35
xylitol
-
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.32
xylitol
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in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
additional information
additional information
-
substrate specificity and steady state kinetics, overview
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additional information
additional information
steady-state kinetic analysis, overview
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additional information
additional information
-
steady-state kinetic analysis, overview
-
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TURNOVER NUMBER [1/s]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
4.4
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.29
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
2
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.85
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.017
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.34
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.1
3-butenol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.35
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
1.7
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
6.3
L-Threitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.1
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.74
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.0004
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.008
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
0.1
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.36
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
9.2
D-mannitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
17
D-sorbitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
1.6
glycerol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
9.1 - 12.2
xylitol
-
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
13
xylitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C; pH 7.5, 30°C
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kcat/KM VALUE [1/mMs-1]
SUBSTRATE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
0.026
1,2,4-butanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0019
1,2-Butanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.021
1,2-hexanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.016
1,2-pentanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0003
1,2-propanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0078
1,3,5-pentanetriol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0006
2-amino-1-pentanol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0014
3-butene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0002
3-butenol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0083
4-pentene-1,2-diol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0003
D-galactose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.004
L-arabinose
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.25
L-Threitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0056
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0073
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0073
(R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.00001
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0001
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0001
(S)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0015
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
pH 7.5, 25°C, recombinant enzyme
0.0043
1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.26
D-mannitol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
0.0046
glycerol
-
in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, at pH 7.5 and 30°C
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SPECIFIC ACTIVITY [µmol/min/mg]
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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pH OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
7.5
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pH RANGE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE OPTIMUM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25
55
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LOCALIZATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
GeneOntology No.
LITERATURE
SOURCE
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PDB
SCOP
CATH
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145)
Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145)
Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145)
Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145)
Streptomyces coelicolor (strain ATCC BAA-471 / A3(2) / M145)
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MOLECULAR WEIGHT
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
45100
47000
50000
-
x * 50000, recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
47000
1 * 47000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 46800, about, sequence calculation
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SUBUNITS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
monomer
additional information
?
-
x * 50000, recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
?
-
x * 50000, recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme, SDS-PAGE
-
monomer
1 * 47000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 46800, about, sequence calculation
monomer
-
1 * 47000, SDS-PAGE, 1 * 46800, about, sequence calculation
-
additional information
-
AldO shares the same folding topology of the members of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase family of flavoenzymes, three-dimensional structure analysis, overview
additional information
-
AldO shares the same folding topology of the members of the vanillyl-alcohol oxidase family of flavoenzymes, three-dimensional structure analysis, overview
-
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Crystallization/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
native wild-type enzyme, hanging-drop vapor diffusion method at 4°C by mixing equal volumes of 14 mg/mL AldO solution in 50 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, with reservoir solutions containing 0.1 M MES/HCl, pH 6.5, 0.2 M MgCl2 and 18-20% w/v PEG4000, 3-4 days, substrate incorporation by soaking the wild-type AldO crystals in a solution consisting of 0.1 M MES/HCl, pH 6.5, 0.2 M MgCl2, 25% w/v PEG 4000, 17.5% sucrose, and 25 mM substrate for 3 h, X-ray diffraction structure determination and analysis at 1.1-1.9 A resolution
-
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pH STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
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TEMPERATURE STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
25 - 84
AldO is a highly thermostable enzyme with an unfolding temperature of 84°C, inactivation above, and an activity half-life at 75°C of 112 min
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GENERAL STABILITY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
under conditions which are applied for the oxidation experiments (10 mM of aldoitol oxidase in 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, at 30°C and rotary shaking (100 rpm)) the enzyme has a half-life of 30 h
-
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Purification/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
recombinant His6-tagged enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) by nickel affinity chromatography, factor Xa protease cleavage of the His-tag
recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme from Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
-
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Cloned/COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain MC1061
-
functional expression of recombinant oxidase-peroxidase fusion mutant enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3) periplasm
-
gene aldO, DNA and amino acid sequence determination and analysis, sequence comparison, expression of His6-tagged enzyme in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)
recombinant enzyme expression in the periplasm or on the cell surface of Escherichia coli cells of different strains. The enzyme is differently tagged, i.e. expressed as Tat-AldO or INP-AldO, and exported to the periplasm or to the cell surface of the transformed cells, overview. AldO is successfully displayed at the surface of Escherichia coli using a truncated INP variant, it contains covalently bound FAD, thus has attained a correctly folded and active conformation
-
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ENGINEERING
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
E154P
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
E50P
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
K18R/E19R
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
L234R/D235P
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
R232A/P233G
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
R232A/P233G/L234R/D235P
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
T16R/A17P
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
T16R/A17P/K18R/G19R
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
E154P
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
-
E50P
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
-
K18R/E19R
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
-
T16R/A17P
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
-
T16R/A17P/K18R/G19R
-
site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant shows increased thermolability compared to the wild-type enzyme
-
additional information
additional information
-
construction of an AldO mutant synthetic bifunctional enzyme, the enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is endowed with an extra catalytic functionality by fusing it to a microperoxidase. The mutant is functional and a both fully covalently flavinylated and heminylated: an oxiperoxidase. Replacement of portions of the wild-type AldO sequence with the bacterial cytochrome c CXXCH heme-binding motif, domain structure, overview
additional information
-
construction of an AldO mutant synthetic bifunctional enzyme, the enzyme from Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is endowed with an extra catalytic functionality by fusing it to a microperoxidase. The mutant is functional and a both fully covalently flavinylated and heminylated: an oxiperoxidase. Replacement of portions of the wild-type AldO sequence with the bacterial cytochrome c CXXCH heme-binding motif, domain structure, overview
-
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APPLICATION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
medicine
synthesis
synthesis
-
AldO is an enantioselective biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of racemic 1,2-diols
synthesis
-
utilization of recombinant enzyme expressed in the periplasm or on the cell surface of Escherichia coli as biocatalyst in a non-laborious and non-costly whole-cell application for reacting on towards different polyols such as xylitol and sorbitol
synthesis
-
AldO is an enantioselective biocatalyst for the kinetic resolution of racemic 1,2-diols; utilization of recombinant enzyme expressed in the periplasm or on the cell surface of Escherichia coli as biocatalyst in a non-laborious and non-costly whole-cell application for reacting on towards different polyols such as xylitol and sorbitol
-
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LINKS TO OTHER DATABASES (specific for EC-Number 1.1.3.41)
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