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Information on EC 1.1.1.34 - hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
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EC Tree
1.1.1.34 hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)IUBMB Comments
The enzyme is inactivated by EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} and reactivated by EC 3.1.3.47 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase}.
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Word Map
- 1.1.1.34
- cholesterol
- statin
- lipoprotein
- simvastatin
-
low-density
- cardiovascular
- sterol
- triglyceride
- hypercholesterolemia
- lovastatin
- coronary
- pravastatin
- endothelial
- artery
- atorvastatin
-
lipid-lowering
- bile
- atherosclerosis
- hyperlipidemia
-
isoprenoids
-
cholesterol-lowering
- hdl
-
ldl-cholesterol
- squalene
-
hypolipidemic
-
apolipoproteins
- dyslipidemias
- myopathy
-
high-density
-
farnesylation
-
placebo
-
geranylgeranylation
-
hypocholesterolemic
- rosuvastatin
- 25-hydroxycholesterol
- pcsk9
- dolichols
- molecular biology
-
fibrates
-
acyl-coa:cholesterol
-
7alpha-hydroxylase
- lanosterol
- srebp-2
-
isoprenylation
- nutrition
- cyp7a1
- cholestyramine
- rhabdomyolysis
-
statin-induced
- ezetimibe
- biotechnology
- gemfibrozil
- medicine
- drug development
-
lipoprotein-cholesterol
The enzyme appears in viruses and cellular organisms
Reaction Schemes
+
+
2
=
+
2
+
2
Synonyms
3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl CoA reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Ccoenzyme A reductase 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl co-enzyme A reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase 1, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, 3-hydroxy-3-metylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase, 
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SYNONYM 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)
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-
-
-
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
acetoacetyl-coenzyme A thiolase/3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase
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beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
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-
-
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beta-hydroxy-beta-methylglutaryl-Co A reductase
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-
-
-
HMG-CoA reductase
HMG-CoAR
HMG1
HMG2
HMG2.2
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-
-
-
HMG3.3
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-
-
-
HMGCoA reductase-mevalonate:NADP-oxidoreductase (acetylating CoA)
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-
-
-
HMGR
HMGR1
HMGR2
hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA reductase (NADPH)
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-
-
-
hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate)
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-
-
-
mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (acetylating CoA)
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-
-
-
NADPH-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase
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-
-
-
S-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
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-
-
-
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase
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-
-
-
HMG-CoA reductase
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-
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HMGR
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-
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HMGR1
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-
-
-
HMGR2
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-
-
-
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REACTION
REACTION DIAGRAM
COMMENTARY
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
Glu559 and His866 are involved in catalysis
-
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
via mevaldehyde as an intermediate product
-
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
via mevaldehyde as an intermediate product, enzyme contains a catalytic His381, Lys267 is also involved in catalysis, active site structure
-
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+ = (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
reaction mechanism, modelling of three different systems, detailed overview. Formation of a mevaldyl-CoA intermediate protonated by a conserved active site lysine, Lys691. The conserved active site glutamate and aspartate residues, Glu559 and Asp767, along with the ribose moiety of NADPH, form a hydrogen bond network crucial to the increase of the stabilizing effect of Lys691 over the transition state. A charged His752 forms an oxyanion hole with Lys691 to stabilize the negative charge developed in the thioester oxygen
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REACTION TYPE
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
oxidation
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-
redox reaction
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-
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reduction
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-
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PATHWAY SOURCE
PATHWAYS
BRENDA
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SYSTEMATIC NAME
IUBMB Comments
(R)-mevalonate:NADP+ oxidoreductase (CoA-acylating)
The enzyme is inactivated by EC 2.7.11.31 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)] kinase} and reactivated by EC 3.1.3.47 {[hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase (NADPH)]-phosphatase}.
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CAS REGISTRY NUMBER
COMMENTARY
9028-35-7
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SUBSTRATE
PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
Reversibility
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevaldehyde + CoA + NADP+
-
first step reaction
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
DL-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
mevaldyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ + H2O
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
second step reaction
-
-
?
(R)-mevaldehyde + NADPH + H+
(R)-mevalonate + NADP+
second step of the reaction
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-
?
(R)-mevaldehyde + NADPH + H+
(R)-mevalonate + NADP+
second step of the reaction
-
-
?
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+
NAD(H) is the preferred cofactor
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
Ochromonas malhamensis
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R,S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
r
(R,S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP+ + CoA
-
HMGR is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, the sole route in haloarchaea for lipid and carotenoid production
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
overall reaction
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
overall reaction
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
the enzyme is implicated in latex metabolism
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
Ochromonas malhamensis
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
enzyme is essential for sterol biosynthesis
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
involved in isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway overview
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
overall reaction
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
overall reaction
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
the reduction of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA is preferred over oxidation of mevalonate
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevaldyl-CoA + NADP+
-
first step reaction
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevaldyl-CoA + NADP+
-
first step reaction
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonolactone + CoA + 2 NADP+ + H2O
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonolactone + CoA + 2 NADP+ + H2O
-
rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?, r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
first step reaction
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
substrate is (S)-isomer of HMG-CoA
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
substrate is (S)-isomer of HMG-CoA
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
up- and down-regulation of HMGR activity in response to changes in the flux of the mevalonate pathway occur via post-translational control
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
Neophaeotheca triangularis MZKI B741
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
key enzyme of the mevalonic acid pathway catalysing the first committed step with NADPH as cofactor, overview
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
HMGR is the key regulatory enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and also the iridoid biosynthesis, it is highly regulated itself, HMGR may represent a regulator in maintenance of homeostasis between de novo produced and sequestered intermediates of iridoid metabolism, overview
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
the enzyme utilizes two molecules of NADPH to mediate the four-electron reduction of HMG-CoA to the carboxylic acid mevalonate, homology modeling of the catalytic domain
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
mevaldehyde + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + NADP+
-
second step reaction
-
-
r
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the protostane triterpene Alisol B 23-acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the protostane triterpene Alisol B 23-acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phytosterol biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the substrates of the reductive reaction, HMG-CoA and NADH, both demonstrate sigmoidal behavior typical of positive cooperativity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the substrates of the reductive reaction, HMG-CoA and NADH, both demonstrate sigmoidal behavior typical of positive cooperativity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
HMGR can accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Escherichia coli transformant, it plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMGR can accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Escherichia coli transformant, it plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMG-CoA reductase is regulated by salinity at the level of transcription
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the expression of HMGR is regulated in response to non-optimal salinity in the halophilic archaeon
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in sterol biosynthesis, investigation of the physiological regulation, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and C24-sterol methyltransferase type 1 work in concert to control carbon flux into end-product sterols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the reaction is a highly regulated process within the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
method development for rapid and versatile reverse phase -HPLC monitoring for assaying HMGR activity capable of monitoring the levels of both substrates HMG-CoA and NADPH, and products CoA, mevalonate, and NADP+, method evaluation, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of microsomal, but not mitochondrial, HMGR isozymes depends on environmental salinity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol in mammals
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor directly regulates cholesterol biosynthesis through inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
biphasic regulation of HMG-CoA reductase expression and activity during wound healing and its functional role in the control of keratinocyte angiogenic and proliferative responses, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
biphasic regulation of HMG-CoA reductase expression and activity during wound healing and its functional role in the control of keratinocyte angiogenic and proliferative responses, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
Ochromonas malhamensis
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMGR activity is not only diminished in iridoid producers but most likely prevalent within the Chrysomelina subtribe and also within the insecta
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme undergoes endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation which is physiologically regulated by sterol pathway signals, determination of structural features leading to modification and degradation by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
enzyme in the pathway for production of prenyl alcohols. Almost all Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tend to produce mainly squalene and low amount of prenyl alcohols. Among these ATCC strains, relatively large amounts of prenyl alcohols in the cultures of two recombinants (ATCC201741 and ATCC 200027). Amounts are quite low compared to the case of ATCC 200589 recombinant. These differences possibly depend on the difference in the squalene synthase activity. If the enzyme activity is weaker in ATCC 200589, the activation of the pathways will result in the accumulation of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate, the substrate of the enzyme, and following production of (E,E)-farnesol through hydrolysis of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate. Recombinant AURGG101 derived from ATCC 200589 produces large amounts of prenyl alcohols. In particular, (E,E)-farnesol in AURGG101 reaches 35.6 mg/l, which is approximately 4fold higher than that in ATCC 200589. HMG1 expression in strain ATCC 200589 increases the production of squalene, (E)-nerolidol, (E,E)-farnesol, and (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol, whereas that in ATCC 76625 causes high squalene production, low production of (E,E)-farnesol and (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol, and no (E)-nerolidol production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme in the pathway for production of prenyl alcohols. Almost all Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains tend to produce mainly squalene and low amount of prenyl alcohols. Among these ATCC strains, relatively large amounts of prenyl alcohols in the cultures of two recombinants (ATCC201741 and ATCC 200027). Amounts are quite low compared to the case of ATCC 200589 recombinant. These differences possibly depend on the difference in the squalene synthase activity. If the enzyme activity is weaker in ATCC 200589, the activation of the pathways will result in the accumulation of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate, the substrate of the enzyme, and following production of (E,E)-farnesol through hydrolysis of (E,E)-farnesyl diphosphate. Recombinant AURGG101 derived from ATCC 200589 produces large amounts of prenyl alcohols. In particular, (E,E)-farnesol in AURGG101 reaches 35.6 mg/l, which is approximately 4fold higher than that in ATCC 200589. HMG1 expression in strain ATCC 200589 increases the production of squalene, (E)-nerolidol, (E,E)-farnesol, and (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol, whereas that in ATCC 76625 causes high squalene production, low production of (E,E)-farnesol and (E,E,E)-geranylgeraniol, and no (E)-nerolidol production
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
assay method development: the eukaryotic enzyme HMGR catalyzes the stereospecific NADPH-dependent reductive deacylation of (3S)-HMG-CoA to (3R)-mevalonic acid. The HMGR assay reaction product is subsequently converted to mevalonolactone by heating in acid medium. The heat treatment also hydrolyses (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA to free hydroxy-3-methylglutaric acid and CoASH, analysis by TLC
-
-
?
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NAD+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + 2 NADP+ + CoA
-
HMGR is a key enzyme in the mevalonate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis, the sole route in haloarchaea for lipid and carotenoid production
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevaldyl-CoA + NADP+
-
first step reaction
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonolactone + CoA + 2 NADP+ + H2O
-
rate-limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis
-
-
r
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
mevaldyl-CoA + NADPH + H+ + H2O
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
second step reaction
-
-
?
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
Ochromonas malhamensis
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
the enzyme is implicated in latex metabolism
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
Ochromonas malhamensis
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
enzyme is essential for sterol biosynthesis
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
involved in isopentenyl diphosphate biosynthesis, mevalonate pathway overview
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
(S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+
mevalonate + CoA + 2 NADP+
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
ir
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
r
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
(R)-mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
up- and down-regulation of HMGR activity in response to changes in the flux of the mevalonate pathway occur via post-translational control
-
-
?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
Neophaeotheca triangularis MZKI B741
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
D-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH
mevalonate + CoA + NADP+
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
key enzyme of the mevalonic acid pathway catalysing the first committed step with NADPH as cofactor, overview
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
HMGR is the key regulatory enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and also the iridoid biosynthesis, it is highly regulated itself, HMGR may represent a regulator in maintenance of homeostasis between de novo produced and sequestered intermediates of iridoid metabolism, overview
-
-
?
hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA + NADPH + H+
mevalonate + NADP+ + CoA
-
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the protostane triterpene Alisol B 23-acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the enzyme is involved in the synthesis of the protostane triterpene Alisol B 23-acetate
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
phytosterol biosynthetic pathway, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
HMGR can accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Escherichia coli transformant, it plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMGR can accelerate the biosynthesis of carotenoids in the Escherichia coli transformant, it plays an influential role in isoprenoid biosynthesis
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMG-CoA reductase is regulated by salinity at the level of transcription
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the expression of HMGR is regulated in response to non-optimal salinity in the halophilic archaeon
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme plays a central role in sterol biosynthesis, investigation of the physiological regulation, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase and C24-sterol methyltransferase type 1 work in concert to control carbon flux into end-product sterols
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
the reaction is a highly regulated process within the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of microsomal, but not mitochondrial, HMGR isozymes depends on environmental salinity, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor directly regulates cholesterol biosynthesis through inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
biphasic regulation of HMG-CoA reductase expression and activity during wound healing and its functional role in the control of keratinocyte angiogenic and proliferative responses, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
biphasic regulation of HMG-CoA reductase expression and activity during wound healing and its functional role in the control of keratinocyte angiogenic and proliferative responses, overview
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
HMGR activity is not only diminished in iridoid producers but most likely prevalent within the Chrysomelina subtribe and also within the insecta
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
enzyme undergoes endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation which is physiologically regulated by sterol pathway signals, determination of structural features leading to modification and degradation by the quality control system of the endoplasmic reticulum, overview
-
-
?
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COFACTOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
NADPH
-
-
286557, 286559, 286560, 286561, 286565, 286567, 286568, 286569, 286572, 286573, 286574, 654375, 685520, 685531, 688473
additional information
the enzyme prefers NAD(H) over NADP(H) as a cofactor, suggesting an oxidative physiological role for the enzyme
-
additional information
-
the enzyme prefers NAD(H) over NADP(H) as a cofactor, suggesting an oxidative physiological role for the enzyme
-
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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
Ca2+
NaCl
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
NaCl
-
specific HMGR activity is responsive to changes in NaCl concentrations. Minimal activity under optimal conditions and an increase in HMGR activities and protein levels under hyposaline and hypersaline conditions. HMGR activity is crucial for halotolerance as well as for the changes in protein prenylation in response to changing salinity
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INHIBITOR
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
(3R,5R)-7-(1-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-[(5-methyl-pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-carbamoyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[1-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-5-phenylcarbamoyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoicacid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[1-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxybenzylcarbamoyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[1-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxycarbonyl-benzylcarbamoyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-isopropyl-5-phenylcarbamoyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-phenyl-5-phenylcarbamoyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(3-methoxybenzyl)carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[[4-(methoxymethyl)benzyl]carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-(4-carboxy-benzylcarbamoyl)-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoicacid disodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-benzylcarbamoyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoicacid
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-carbamoyl-1-ethyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoic acid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-carbamoyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoicacid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-cyano-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoicacid sodium salt
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-[(3-carbamoylbenzyl)carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-[(4-cyanobenzyl)carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
(3R,5R)-7-[5-[[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)benzyl]carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
(5S)-5-hydroxy-4-{2-[(1S,2R,4aR)-1,2,4a,5-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl]ethyl}furan-2(5H)-one
-
22.65% inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase at 0.001 mM concentration and maximum inhibition of 78.03% at 0.1 mM, the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, a clerodane diterpene from ethanolic extract of Polyalthia longifolia var. pendula, is a potential lipid lowering agent, molecular docking analysis, overview
(E,3R,5S)-7-(4-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)pentan-3-yl)-2-isopropylphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid
-
competitive inhibitor, shows slight inhibitory activity
4-[[([5-[(3R,5R)-6-carboxy-3,5-dihydroxyhexyl]-4-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]carbonyl)amino]methyl]benzoic acid
-
-
7-[3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(3-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(3-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-5-(phenylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-5-(propylcarbamoyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-5-[(4-sulfamoylphenyl)carbamoyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-5-[(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)carbamoyl]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-5-[[(4-methyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-5-[[(5-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-5-[[(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(methylcarbamoyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[3-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-[(4-methoxybenzyl)carbamoyl]-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-(benzylcarbamoyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-(cyclopropylcarbamoyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-(dimethylcarbamoyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-(ethylcarbamoyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-carbamoyl-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-ethylcarbamoyl-3-(4-fluoro-phenyl)-1-isopropyl-4-pyridin-2-yl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxy-heptanoicacid sodium salt
-
-
7-[5-[(4-carbamoylphenyl)carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-[(4-carboxyphenyl)carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-[[(1,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl]carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-[[3-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]-3,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
7-[5-[[4-(dimethylcarbamoyl)phenyl]carbamoyl]-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-(1-methylethyl)-4-phenyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyheptanoate
-
-
8-hydroxygeraniol
-
competitive inhibition mechanism, binds at the catalytic site, docking experiments, overview
adenosine-2'-monophospho-5'-diphosphoribose
-
competitive inhibitor for NADPH binding site
brutieridin
i.e. hesperetin 7-(2''-alpha-rhamnosyl-6''-(3''''-hydroxy-3''''-methylglutaryl)-beta-D-glucoside), a flavonoid conjugate from bergamot fruit extract, structural analogue of statins, computational study, overview
ceramide
-
treatment with exogenous ceramides, or increasing the endogenous ceramide levels inhibits HMGCR by 60–80%
CoA disulfide
-
no inactivation in presence of NADPH 1 mM, or HMG-CoA 0.5 mM
daidzein
-
isoflavone, isolated and purified from korean soybean paste, structural analysis
EDTA
-
inhibits the subsequent reactions of the mevalonate pathway in Hevea latex
eicosapentaenoic acid
-
inhibits translation of the enzyme about 50% at 0.15 mM, downregulation, slightly increases downregulation of protein synthesis by cycloheximide
genistein
-
isoflavone, isolated and purified from korean soybean paste, structural analysis
GFPDGG
-
designed on the basis of the rigid peptide backbone, increases the inhibitory potency more than 300 times compared to the first isolated LPYP from soybean, overview
glycitein
-
isoflavone, isolated and purified from korean soybean paste, structural analysis
melitidin
i.e. naringenin 7-(2''-alpha-rhamnosyl-6''-(3''''-hydroxy-3''''-methylglutaryl)-beta-D-glucoside), a flavonoid conjugate from bergamot fruit extract, structural analogue of statins, computational study, overview
myriocin
-
concomitant reduction of both HMGR activity and the sterol content by depletion of the sphingolipid pathway. At 0.01 mM myriocin decrease to ca. 55% of the HMGR activity in control plants. Myriocin-induced down-regulation of HMGR activity is exerted at the post-translational level, like the regulatory response of HMGR to enhancement or depletion of the flux through the sterol pathway
resveratrol
inhibits the cell growth as well as the activity of recombinant enzyme. Resveratrol shows antitrypanosomal activity with an IC50 value of 0.00013 mM and moderate antipromastigote activity against Leishmania major with IC50 value: 0.153 mM
SFGYVAE peptide
-
most active inhibitory peptide; shows high ability to inhibit HMGR by competitive inhibition with respect to (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor
-
directly regulates cholesterol biosynthesis through inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase
-
SMase C
-
treatment of fibroblasts with SMase C results in a 90% inhibition of HMGCR
-
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(2-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-phenylpentan-3-yl)phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoate
-
has almost no effect on the activity
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(2-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-phenylpentan-3-yl)phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoate
-
-
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-(3-phenylpentan-3-yl)phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enoate
-
shows the most potent inhibitory activity among compounds comparable with that of clinically useful mevastatin
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(2-phenyl-4-(3-phenylpentan-3-yl)phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
-
has almost no effect on the activity
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(4-(3-(2-fluorophenyl)pentan-3-yl)-2-isopropylphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
-
-
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(4-(3-(3-fluorophenyl)pentan-3-yl)-2-isopropylphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
-
-
sodium (E,3R,5S)-7-(4-(3-phenylpentan-3-yl)-2-isopropylphenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
-
-
atorvastatin
-
has a differentiating effect on wild-type and mutant forms of the human protein
atorvastatin
inhibits the cell growth as well as the activity of recombinant enzyme, 315.5 nM are enough to cause 50% recombinant LdHMGR enzyme inhibition, 93.2% inhibition at 0.001 mM
cerivastatin
-
biphasic inhibition mechanism, slow, tight-binding type of inhibitor
cycloheximide
-
downregulation of protein synthesis, synergistic with eicosapentanoic acid and myristic acid
fluvastatin
-
has a differentiating effect on wild-type and mutant forms of the human protein
GFPTGG
-
HMG-CoA competitive inhibitor; NADPH and HMG-CoA competitive inhibitor
GFPTGG
-
competitive, effects on enzyme Michaelis-Menten kinetics, overview
lovastatin
-
no effect of lovastatin on the growth curve of Hortaea werneckii in salt-free media, whereas remarkably reduced growth in the otherwise physiologically optimal medium containing 17% NaCl, an effect even more pronounced in hypersaline medium containing 25% NaCl. Inhibition of HMGR in vivo by lovastatin impairs the halotolerant character
lovastatin
-
the representative of the statin class of drugs that in their active hydrolysed form are specific inhibitors of the enzyme
lovastatin
-
slightly inhibitory statin for class II enzyme, binding structure at the active site involves the residues Lys267, Asn271, Glu83, Arg261, and 2 water molecules, substrate mimicking binding mode
lovastatin
-
competitive inhibitor for HMG-CoA binding site and noncompetitive inhibitor for NADPH binding site
pravastatin
inhibitory in the presence of increasing concentrations of NADPH, but increasing concentrations of HMG-CoA block the HMG-CoA reductase-inhibiting activity
rosuvastatin
-
thermodynamics of binding and inhibition mechanism, Glu559 is involved, reversible, 2-step complex formation, competitive with respect to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA, non-competitive to NADPH
simvastatin
-
does not allow differentiation between the wild-type and mutant forms of the human protein
simvastatin
inhibits the cell growth as well as the activity of recombinant enzyme, 63% inhibition at 0.1 mM
simvastatin
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enzyme inhibition causes 40% reduction of wound healing, inhibition of HMGR activity during acute wound healing interferes with keratinocyte VEGF production and proliferation at the wound site, overview
additional information
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whether plants are grown with mevalonate from the beginning or only during the last 9 days, HMGR activity is drastically reduced to 25% of the activity in plants grown in the absence of mevalonate. Plants grown without mevalonate during the last 9 days show a severe, though less pronounced, reduction in HMGR activity, which decreases to 60% of the activity in control plants. Significant reduction of HMGR activity does not correlate with changes in both the expression of HMG1 and HMG2 genes and the amount of HMGR protein
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additional information
no inhibition by farnesoate and farnesoic acid
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additional information
no inhibition by farnesoate and farnesoic acid
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additional information
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27-hydroxycholesterol strongly supresses the expression of HMGR, the in vivo inhibition of sterol 27-hydroxylase CYP27A1, e.g. by the drugs rapamycin and cyclosporine A, reduces the inhibition and thus increases HMGR activity, overview
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additional information
screening of eight-membered medium ring lactams and related tricyclic compounds, either seven-membered lactams, thiolactams or amines, for inhibitory potency, overview. The compounds are inhibitory also in the presence of increasing concentrations of NADPH, and are not affected by increasing concentrations of HMG-CoA. Medium ring lactams and existing statins may have different mechanisms of enzyme interaction and inhibition, molecular docking studies and comparisons using the HMG-CoA reductase statin-binding receptor model, overview. The ligands may occupy a narrow channel housing the pyridinium moiety on NADP+
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additional information
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screening of eight-membered medium ring lactams and related tricyclic compounds, either seven-membered lactams, thiolactams or amines, for inhibitory potency, overview. The compounds are inhibitory also in the presence of increasing concentrations of NADPH, and are not affected by increasing concentrations of HMG-CoA. Medium ring lactams and existing statins may have different mechanisms of enzyme interaction and inhibition, molecular docking studies and comparisons using the HMG-CoA reductase statin-binding receptor model, overview. The ligands may occupy a narrow channel housing the pyridinium moiety on NADP+
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additional information
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methanolic extracts of Quercus infectoria galls, Rosa damascena flowers, and Myrtus communis leaves inhibit the enzyme activity noncompetitively to 84%, 70%, and 62%, respectively. Extracts of diverse other plants are also inhibitory for the enzyme, detailed overview
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additional information
statins are potent enzyme inhibitors that bind to the active site where also the natural substrate binds, used widely in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia
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additional information
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design of highly potent and competitive inhibitory peptides for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, no inhibition with SFGYVAG peptide
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additional information
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the activity of microsomal isoyzme Hmg2 is highest under hypo-saline and extremely hyper-saline conditions, and down-regulated under optimal growth conditions
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additional information
exogenous supplementation of ergosterol in case of atorvastatin and resveratrol treated cells causes complete reversal of growth inhibition whereas simvastatin is ergosterol refractory
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additional information
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exogenous supplementation of ergosterol in case of atorvastatin and resveratrol treated cells causes complete reversal of growth inhibition whereas simvastatin is ergosterol refractory
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additional information
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inhibition potency of inhibitors in hepatocytes, myocytes and on purified enzye, overview
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additional information
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no inhibition by geraniol or by its glucoside and thioglucoside
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additional information
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discovery, synthesis, and optimization of substituted pyrrole-based hepatoselective ligands as potent inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase for reducing low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia
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additional information
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design, synthesis and evaluation of structure-based peptide inhibitors, computational methods, overview
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additional information
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(E,3R,5S)-7-(4-(3-(4-fluorophenyl)pentan-3-yl)phenyl)-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoic acid shows no apparent HMGR inhibitory activity even at 100 mM
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additional information
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the hybrid is resistant to race 0 of Phytophtora infestans
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ACTIVATING COMPOUND
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
LITERATURE
IMAGE
myristic acid
-
stimulates translation of the enzyme about 1.8fold at 0.15 mM, upregulation
squalestatin
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leads to a significant concentration-dependent activation of HMGR of ca. 3fold the activity in untreated plants. Maximal HMGR activation at 0.06 mM squalestatin. No relevant changes in the level of expression of the HMG genes or in the amount of HMGR protein
supernatant protein factor
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i.e. SPF, a 46 kDa cytosolic protein, stimulation of squalene monooxygenase and cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatoma cell culture, acts directly on the enzyme, not by increasing the enzyme amount
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terbinafine
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leads to a significant concentration-dependent activation of HMGR of ca. 3fold the activity in untreated plants. Maximal HMGR activation at 0.75 mM terbinafine. No relevant changes in the level of expression of the HMG genes or in the amount of HMGR protein