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EC Tree
IUBMB Comments The enzyme catalyses a step in the ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway). The activity with NADP+ is less than 10% of the activity with NAD+.
The expected taxonomic range for this enzyme is: Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea
Synonyms
GDH, L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase, L-galactose dehydrogenase, L-GalDH,
more
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L-galactose 1-dehydrogenase
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
GDH
-
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
-
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
L-galactose dehydrogenase
-
-
L-GalDH
-
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L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
L-galactose + NAD+ = L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-ascorbate in plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway)
-
-
-
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Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
L-galactose:NAD+ 1-oxidoreductase
The enzyme catalyses a step in the ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants (Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway). The activity with NADP+ is less than 10% of the activity with NAD+.
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L-fucose + NAD+
?
-
-
-
?
L-fucose + NAD+
? + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
L-galactose + NADP+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADPH + H+
-
-
-
?
L-glucose + NAD+
?
11.9% of the activity with L-galactose
-
-
?
L-gulose + NAD+
? + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-sorbosone + NAD+
?
-
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
NAD+ preferred cofactor, lower activity with L-sorbosone, no activity with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
activity with 0.1 mM NADP+ is 6% of that with NAD+, lower activity with L-sorbosone, no activity with D-arabinose and L-fucose
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
activity with 1 mM NADP+ was 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+, no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-Xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
high specificity for L-galactose. The activity with 1 mM NADP+ is 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-gulose + NAD+
?
-
-
-
-
?
L-gulose + NAD+
?
71.4% of the activity with L-galactose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity is detectable with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity is detectable with D-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose and D-mannose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, L-fucose and D-arabinose. The enzyme oxidizes L-sorbosone with very low affinity
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
?
additional information
?
-
-
no activity with L-fructose, L-mannose, L-xylose, L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-glucose, L-fucose, D-mannose and D-arabinose
-
-
?
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L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
?
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
a step in the Smirnoff-Wheeler pathway, ascorbate biosynthesis in higher plants
-
-
ir
L-galactose + NAD+
L-galactono-1,4-lactone + NADH + H+
-
-
-
-
?
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NAD+
-
-
NAD+
-
the activity with 0.1 mM NADP+ is 6% of that with NAD+
NAD+
the activity with 1 mM NADP+ is 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+
NAD+
-
the reduction activity with NADP+ is 10% of that with NAD+
NADP+
the activity with 1 mM NADP+ is 4.7% of that with 1 mM NAD+
NADP+
-
the reduction activity with NADP+ is 10% of that with NAD+
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4-chloromercuribenzoate
0.2 mM: 92% inhibition
L-ascorbate
1 mM, 41% inhibition, linear-competitive inhibition, inhibition is reversible, equilibrium-type of feedback regulation for L-ascorbate synthesis; reversible inhibition by the end-product of the biosynthetic pathway
L-galactono-1,4-lactone
-
uncompetitive
oxidized glutathione
-
5 mM, 65% inhibition; 65% inhibition with 5 mM
p-chloromercuribenzoate
0.2 mM, 92% inhibition
N-ethylmaleimide
-
1 mM, 90% inhibition; 90% inhibition with 1 mM
N-ethylmaleimide
5 mM: 67% inhibition; 5 mM, 67% inhibition. Inhibition is restored to 71% by incubation with 5 mM GSH
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dithiothreitol
1 mM, 17% stimulation
DTT
1 mM: 17% stimulation
glutathione
1 mM: 28% stimulation
glutathione
1 mM, 28% stimulation
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56.3
L-fucose
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.59
NADP+
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.085
L-galactose
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.116
L-galactose
pH 7.5, 37ưC
0.1162
L-galactose
pH 7.5, 37ưC
0.3
L-galactose
-
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.43
L-galactose
-
pH 7.5, 22ưC
0.43
L-galactose
-
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
1.5
L-gulose
pH 7.5, 37ưC
3.7
L-gulose
-
pH 7.5, 22ưC
3.7
L-gulose
-
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
0.0179
NAD+
pH 7.5, 37ưC
0.0203
NAD+
pH 7.5, temperature not specified in the publication
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0.133 - 0.1332
L-ascorbate
0.133
L-ascorbate
pH 7.5, 37ưC
0.1332
L-ascorbate
linear-competitive inhibition, pH 7.5, 37ưC
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0.25
purified protein from spinach, pH 7.5, 37ưC
16.4
-
control alga, pH 7.5, 37ưC
25.5
-
copper treated alga, pH 7.5, 37ưC
2.17
pH 7.5, 37ưC
2.17
purified recombinant protein, pH 7.5, 37ưC
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cvs. Newhall Dream, navel oranges
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-
brenda
cvs.Egan No.2 and Ć¢ĀĀGuoqing No.1, Satsuma mandarins
UniProt
brenda
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-
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brenda
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-
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brenda
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-
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brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
UniProt
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
-
-
-
brenda
Borkh cv. Gala
UniProt
brenda
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-
brenda
-
brenda
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-
brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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brenda
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comparison of enzyme activity and ascorbate pool size in fruit pulp of orange and Satsuma mandarins, i.e. Citrus sinensis and Citrus unshiu, overview
brenda
comparison of enzyme activity and ascorbate pool size in fruit pulp of orange and Satsuma mandarins, i.e. Citrus sinensis and Citrus unshiu, overview
brenda
-
the enzyme shows an expression pattern similar to the ascorbate levels and changes in fruits during development, overview
brenda
-
the enzyme shows an expression pattern similar to the ascorbate levels and changes in fruits during development, overview
-
brenda
-
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
-
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
brenda
additional information
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis in peel pulp and source leaf
brenda
additional information
-
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis in peel pulp and source leaf
brenda
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physiological function
specific activity depends on leaf age
metabolism
key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of L-ascorbate in plants
metabolism
-
role in ascorbate biosynthesis
metabolism
role in ascorbate biosynthesis
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the ascorbate bioosynthesis in fruits
metabolism
the enzyme is involved in the ascorbate bioosynthesis in fruits
metabolism
-
the enzyme is involved in the ascorbate bioosynthesis in fruits
metabolism
-
key enzyme in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid
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GALDH_ARATH
319
0
34532
Swiss-Prot
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7BYR3_DAVIN
196
0
21865
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7BPS4_DAVIN
321
0
35680
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 2 )
A0A7W4WGX4_9BACL
295
0
33115
TrEMBL
-
A0A6N8HKT2_9BACI
305
0
34441
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B6Z7G6_DAVIN
348
0
38732
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A7W5B4W8_9BACL
302
0
33082
TrEMBL
-
A0A1D3KZY5_9EURY
414
0
46621
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7B7L8_DAVIN
270
0
30245
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A6J8DFL5_MYTCO
358
0
40216
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A2P6PJG1_ROSCH
108
0
12092
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 1 )
A0A7W0BQZ1_9CAUL
316
0
33801
TrEMBL
-
A0A2P6PJG2_ROSCH
368
0
40060
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7C4C5_DAVIN
321
0
35725
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A511FBE7_9CELL
314
0
34414
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Y0Y9K6_ACEPA
178
0
19318
TrEMBL
-
A0A7W7ZIU6_9BACT
310
0
33359
TrEMBL
-
A0A7W6F0G2_9CAUL
316
0
33259
TrEMBL
-
A0A0E2UDY5_9STRE
305
0
34185
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7B6W4_DAVIN
388
0
42966
TrEMBL
Chloroplast (Reliability: 4 )
A0A5B7B871_DAVIN
251
0
28208
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 4 )
A0A7R8CE99_LEPSM
325
0
36609
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A7W9W4Y8_9BACT
312
0
33516
TrEMBL
-
A0A7W8EAV0_9BACT
323
0
34668
TrEMBL
-
A0A1Y0UWA2_9PROT
335
0
36055
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7BUD5_DAVIN
345
0
38171
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A383S115_9PSED
270
0
29012
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7AVW9_DAVIN
195
0
21360
TrEMBL
Mitochondrion (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7A2G6_DAVIN
348
0
37751
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A1R3SZ67_9BACT
300
0
33756
TrEMBL
-
A0A1E3L259_9BACL
298
0
33400
TrEMBL
-
A0A0E4CYF5_9BACL
319
0
35285
TrEMBL
-
A0A5B7CE76_DAVIN
226
2
25532
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B7A4E8_DAVIN
319
0
34535
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A7W8MXX8_9BACT
322
0
35447
TrEMBL
-
G7JTZ5_MEDTR
316
0
34289
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 5 )
A0A5B6ZZ63_DAVIN
224
0
24559
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 3 )
A0A2G9GGV5_9LAMI
322
0
34889
TrEMBL
other Location (Reliability: 4 )
A0A7W7ZMB7_9BACT
316
0
34681
TrEMBL
-
A0A7X0H8C4_9BACT
317
0
35317
TrEMBL
-
E9M5S4_CITUN
317
0
34414
TrEMBL
-
Q6BDJ2_SPIOL
322
0
35262
TrEMBL
-
Q84L20_MALDO
324
0
34974
TrEMBL
-
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35000
-
1 * 35000, SDS-PAGE
35261
2 * 35261, calculated from sequence
36000
2 * 36000, SDS-PAGE
36000
2 * 36000, SDS-PAGE, gel filtration, 35261 Da calculated
40000
-
4 * 40000, SDS-PAGE
40000
-
4 * 40000, gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing
42200
2 * 42200, SDS-PAGE and gel filtration
42200
2 * 42200, SDS-PAGE
87500
gel filtration
87500
gel filtration, two peaks of activity at 42400 Da and 87500 Da
Please wait a moment until the data is sorted. This message will disappear when the data is sorted.
monomer
-
1 * 35000, SDS-PAGE
homodimer
2 * 42200, SDS-PAGE and gel filtration
homodimer
2 * 42200, SDS-PAGE
homodimer
2 * 36000, SDS-PAGE
homodimer
2 * 36000, SDS-PAGE, gel filtration, 35261 Da calculated
homodimer
2 * 35261, calculated from sequence
homotetramer
-
4 * 40000, SDS-PAGE
homotetramer
-
4 * 40000, gel filtration and SDS-PAGE, N-terminal sequencing
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sitting drop vapor diffusion method, using 0.1 M bis-Tris pH 6.5, 0.2 M MgCl2, 25% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 3350
-
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ammonium sulfate precipitation, anion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration, recombinant fusion protein by GST-affinity chromatography
ammonium sulfate precipitation, hydrophobic interaction chromatography, anion exchange chromatography, Blue Sepharose affinity chromatography and gel filtration
-
immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (Ni2+) and gel filtration
Ni2+-charged HiTrap column chromatography and Superdex 200 pg gel filtration
-
-
-
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expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells
-
expression in Escherichia coli
fusion construct with glutathione S-transferase expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)pLysS
His-tagged version expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)lysS, expressed in Nicotiana tabacum SRI
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
expression in Escherichia coli
expression in Escherichia coli
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
-
quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis
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expression is rapidly activated by chilling stress, heat shock and high light
-
the enzyme expression increases until day 7, with maximal level at day 5-7, of copper treatment of the alga
-
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Oh, M.M.; Carey, E.E.; Rajashekar, C.B.
Environmental stresses induce health-promoting phytochemicals in lettuce
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
47
578-583
2009
Lactuca sativa
brenda
Mieda, T.; Yabuta, Y.; Rapolu, M.; Motoki, T.; Takeda, T.; Yoshimura, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Shigeoka, S.
Feedback inhibition of spinach L-galactose dehydrogenase by L-ascorbate
Plant Cell Physiol.
45
1271-1279
2004
Spinacia oleracea (Q6BDJ2), Spinacia oleracea
brenda
Gatzek, S.; Wheeler, G.L.; Smirnoff, N.
Antisense suppression of L-galactose dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana provides evidence for its role in ascorbate synthesis and reveals light modulated L-galactose synthesis
Plant J.
30
541-553
2002
Pisum sativum, Arabidopsis thaliana (O81884), Arabidopsis thaliana
brenda
Li, M.; Ma, F.; Guo, C.; Liu, J.
Ascorbic acid formation and profiling of genes expressed in its synthesis and recycling in apple leaves of different ages
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
48
216-224
2010
Malus domestica (Q84L20), Malus domestica
brenda
Wheeler, G.L.; Jones, M.A.; Smirnoff, N.
The biosynthetic pathway of vitamin C in higher plants
Nature
393
365-369
1998
Arabidopsis thaliana, Pisum sativum
brenda
Li, M.; Chen, X.; Wang, P.; Ma, F.
Ascorbic acid accumulation and expression of genes involved in its biosynthesis and recycling in developing apple fruit
J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci.
136
231-238
2011
Malus domestica, Malus domestica Gala
-
brenda
Yang, X.Y.; Xie, J.X.; Wang, F.F.; Zhong, J.; Liu, Y.Z.; Li, G.H.; Peng, S.A.
Comparison of ascorbate metabolism in fruits of two citrus species with obvious difference in ascorbate content in pulp
J. Plant Physiol.
168
2196-2205
2011
Citrus sinensis, Citrus unshiu (E9M5S4), Citrus unshiu
brenda
Mellado, M.; Contreras, R.A.; Gonzalez, A.; Dennett, G.; Moenne, A.
Copper-induced synthesis of ascorbate, glutathione and phytochelatins in the marine alga Ulva compressa (Chlorophyta)
Plant Physiol. Biochem.
51
102-108
2012
Ulva compressa
brenda
Momma, M.; Fujimoto, Z.
Expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of rice L-galactose dehydrogenase
Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F
69
809-811
2013
Oryza sativa
brenda
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