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evolution
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NRT1.5 belongs to the NRT1 family of transporters
evolution
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NRT2.4 belongs to the NRT2 gene family
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters
evolution
Chlamydomonas sp.
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the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters
evolution
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the enzyme belongs to the NRT1/PTR family. Of 16 members characterized, some transport nitrate and some transport dipeptides. With the exception of Arabidopsis thaliana CHL1 (AtNRT1.1) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis NRT1.3, which are dual-affinity nitrate transporters, most of the NRT1 nitrate transporters characterized are low-affinity nitrate transporters. Most nitrate and peptide transporters characterized in the NRT1/PTR family are proton-coupled transporters. all NRT2 transporters isolated from Aspergillus, Chlamydomonas, and higher plants transport nitrate. It is believed that the NRT2s are also proton-coupled transporters
evolution
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the enzyme is a member of the NRT1 family
evolution
the enzyme is a member of the NRT1 superfamily
evolution
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the enzyme is a member of the NRT1 superfamily
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evolution
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the enzyme is a member of the NRT1 superfamily
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malfunction
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functional disruption of NRT1.5 enhances tolerance to salt, drought and cadmium stresses, also nitrate as well as Na+ and Cd2+ levels are significantly increased in nrt1.5 roots. Genes including NHX1, SOS1, P5CS1, RD29A, AtPCS1 and NRT1.8, important in stress response pathways, are steadily upregulated in nrt1.5 mutant plants
malfunction
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in N-starved nrt2.4 mutants, nitrate uptake under low external supply and nitrate content in shoot phloem exudates is decreased. In the absence of NRT2.1 and NRT2.2, loss of function of NRT2.4 (triple mutants) has an impact on biomass production under low nitrate supply, phenotypes, overview
malfunction
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in nrt1.9 mutants, nitrate content in root phloem exudates is decreased, and downward nitrate transport is reduced. Under high nitrate conditions, the nrt1.9 mutant shows enhanced root-to-shoot nitrate transport and plant growth, phenotypes, overview
malfunction
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mutants lacking AtNAR2.1 have virtually no high-affinity nitrate transport system capacity and exhibit extremely poor growth on low nitrate as the sole source of nitrogen. Near-normal growth and nitrate transport in the mutant are restored by transformation with myc-tagged AtNAR2.1 cDNA
malfunction
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nrt2.1 mutants show reduced susceptibility to the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000. In NRT1.7 mutants more nitrate accumulates in older leaves, less 15NO3-dropped on the older leaves can be transported to younger leaves, and less nitrate is detected in the phloem sap of the older leaves. Nrt1.8 mutant shows a nitrate-dependent cadmium-sensitive phenotype and, compared with the wild type, an increased amount of cadmium is transported to the shoot. In the Arabidopsis nar2.1 mutant, the disappearance of NRT2.1 protein in the membrane fraction suggests that NAR2.1 is required for the plasma membrane targeting, and/or the protein stability, of NRT2.1. Nrt1.8 mutants show increased nitrate content in xylem sap and increased root-to-shoot nitrate translocation
malfunction
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a loss-of-function mutation in NPF2.3 results in decreased root-to-shoot nitrate translocation and reduced shoot nitrate content in plants grown under salt stress
malfunction
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enzyme nockout decreases rice growth and potassium concentration in xylem sap, root, culm, and sheath, but increases the shoot:root ratio of tissue potassium under higher nitrate
malfunction
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functional disruption of NRT1.1 enhances resistance to iron deficiency stress
malfunction
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reduction of nitrate transporter NRT2.5 expression results in a decrease in high-affinity nitrate uptake without impacting low-affinity uptake
metabolism
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NRT1.1 is involved in a mechanism connecting nutrient and hormone signaling during organ development, overview
metabolism
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NRT1.8 is the only nitrate assimilatory pathway gene that is strongly upregulated by Cd2+ stress in roots. NRT1.8-regulated nitrate distribution plays an important role in Cd2+ tolerance
metabolism
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nitrate reallocation to roots might be a common response to stresses and is coordinately regulated by NRT1.8 and NRT1.5 genes, overview
metabolism
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nitrate uptake is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional level
physiological function
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nitrate transporter NRT1.8 functions in nitrate removal from the xylem sap and mediates cadmium tolerance
physiological function
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NRT1 transporter NRT1.7 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter, and involved in nitrate remobilization from the old leaf. Internal nitrate remobilization between leaves was important for plants to cope with nitrogen deficiency and the importance of enhanced nitrogen use efficiency for maximum growth. And NRT1.7 is responsible for phloem loading of nitrate in the source leaf to allow nitrate transport out of older leaves and into younger leaves
physiological function
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pNRT2.1 is involved in high-affinity root uptake, and is a major target of this N signaling mechanism
physiological function
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the NRT1.1 nitrate transporter is crucial for nitrate signaling governing root growth, and acts as a nitrate sensor. NRT1.1 also facilitates uptake of the phytohormone auxin. Moreover, nitrate inhibits NRT1.1-dependent auxin uptake, suggesting that transduction of nitrate signal by NRT1.1 is associated with a modification of auxin transport. Mutation of NRT1.1 enhances both auxin accumulation in lateral roots and growth of these roots at low, but not high, nitrate concentration. NRT1.1 represses lateral root growth at low nitrate availability by promoting basipetal auxin transport out of these roots NRT1.1, mechanism, overview
physiological function
nitrate transporter NRT1.3 is involved in the control of primary root growth and NO3- sensing acting in the response to N limitation, which increases the ability of the plant to acquire NO3- under N-limiting conditions
physiological function
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NRT1.5 functions to mediate nitrate reallocation to roots, stress-responsive gene expression and metabolism, and consequently salt, drought and Cd2+ tolerance. NRT1.5 is involved in nitrate allocation to roots and the consequent tolerance to several stresses, in a mechanism probably shared with NRT1.8. NRT1.5 works together with NRT1.8 to fine-tune nitrate long-distance transport from roots to shoots
physiological function
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NRT1.9 facilitates loading of nitrate into the root phloem and enhance downward nitrate transport in roots, expression of NRT1.9 in root companion cells
physiological function
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NRT2.1 is a prominent high-affinity nitrate transporter that functions at low external nitrate concentrations and plays an additional role in lateral root initiation that is independent of this transport function. NRT2.4 is a high-affinity nitrate transporter important in both root uptake and phloem loading and that its spatial and temporal expression complements that of NRT2.1
physiological function
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the Arabidopsis thaliana high affinity range nitrate transporter NRT2.4 plays a double role in roots and shoots of nitrogen-starved plants
physiological function
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the NRT2.1- NAR2.1 complex has dual effects on lateral root development. In addition to being a transporter involved in nitrate uptake, CHL1 also functions as a nitrate sensor, regulating a transcriptional response called the primary nitrate response with roles in regulating root architecture. NRT1.4, a low-affinity nitrate transporter, plays a role in regulating leaf nitrate homeostasis and leaf development, NRT1.4 expressed in the petiole could affect lamina nitrate content and lamina growth. NRT1 transporters NRT1.8 and NRT1.9 are involved in regulating root-to-shoot nitrate translocation, both NRT1.8 and NRT1.9 are negative regulators of root-to-shoot nitrate transport but through different mechanisms. The function of NRT1.8 in removing nitrate from xylem sap also allows Cd2+ to stay in the roots, and consequently enhances Cd2+ tolerance. CHL1, i.e. NRT1.1, is a dual-affinity nitrate transporter mediating both the high-affinity transport system and the low-affinity transport system. The switch between the two affinities is controlled by phosphorylation at the T101 residue between the second and third transmembrane domains, this phosphorylation is regulated by the calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase CIPK23. Dual-affinity transport activity is also exhibited by the potassium transporter KUP and the nitrate transporter MtNRT1.3. NRT1.8 functions in removing nitrate from the xylem sap back into the root cells
physiological function
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enzyme NPF6.8 s a major contributor to the inducible component of the low-affinity transport system and plays a role of in the primary nitrate response
physiological function
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nitrate transporter NRT2.5 plays a role in nitrate acquisition and remobilization in nitrogen-starved plants by ensuring the efficient uptake of nitrate collectively with enzyme forms NRT2.1, NRT2.2 and NRT2.4 and by taking part in nitrate loading into the phloem during nitrate remobilization
physiological function
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the enzyme contributes to nitrate translocation to shoots under salt stress
physiological function
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the enzyme functions in acquisition and long-distance transport of nitrate and plays an important role in maintaining nitrate-mediated growth and development in rice. Low-affinity nitrate acquisition of roots is increased by enzyme overexpression
physiological function
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the enzyme is involved in iron deficiency responses
physiological function
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the enzyme plays a major role in post-flowering nitrate uptake
physiological function
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under low N condition, enzyme NRT1.1b accumulates more nitrogen in plants and improves rice growth
physiological function
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the nitrate transporter NPF7.3/NRT1.5 is involved in lateral root development under potassium deprivation. The enzyme drives root-to-shoot transport of NO3- and is also involved in root-to-shoot translocation of potassium under low NO3- nutrition
physiological function
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nitrate transporter NRT1.3 is involved in the control of primary root growth and NO3- sensing acting in the response to N limitation, which increases the ability of the plant to acquire NO3- under N-limiting conditions
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physiological function
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nitrate transporter NRT1.3 is involved in the control of primary root growth and NO3- sensing acting in the response to N limitation, which increases the ability of the plant to acquire NO3- under N-limiting conditions
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additional information
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functional disruption of NRT1.8 significantly increased the nitrate concentration in xylem sap
additional information
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in nrt1.7 mutants, more nitrate is present in the older leaves, less 15NO3- spotted on old leaves is remobilized into N-demanding tissues, and less nitrate is detected in the phloem exudates of old leaves. Nrt1.7 mutants show growth retardation when external nitrogen is depleted
additional information
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a membrane protein, NAR2, is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters
additional information
Chlamydomonas sp.
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a membrane protein, NAR2, is required for the nitrate transport activity of NRT2 transporters
additional information
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AtNRT2.1 is a polypeptide of the Arabidopsis thaliana two-component inducible high-affinity nitrate transport system, IHATS, formed by AtNRT2.1 and AtNAR2.1, i.e AtNRT3.1.The monomeric form of AtNRT2.1 is the most abundant form, but the complex, rather than monomeric AtNRT2.1, is the form that is active in IHATS nitrate transport
additional information
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expression of NRT2.4 and NRT2.1 is differentially regulated in young seedlings in response to N availability
additional information
MtNRT1.3 is a dual-affinity NO3- transporter
additional information
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MtNRT1.3 is a dual-affinity NO3- transporter
additional information
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MtNRT1.3 is a dual-affinity NO3- transporter
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additional information
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MtNRT1.3 is a dual-affinity NO3- transporter
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