site-directed mutagenesis, when Arg123 of ShMTP1 is mutated to Ile, the ability to confer Mn tolerance to either yeast or Arabidopsis is completely lost
the mutant with 120% of wild type activity is deregulated by showing low activation by calmodulin and tryptic cleavage of the N-terminus. The mutant shows 10fold higher affinity towards calmodulin compared to the wild type enzyme
2-chloro-(epsilon-amino-Lys75)-[6-(4-[N,N-diethylamino]phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin]-4-yl-calmodulin-labeled calmodulin is used for determination of enzyme amino acids essential for binding, peptide mapping with full-length binding site peptide 28 and truncated and mutated versions, overview
Darier disease causing mutant, the mutant has the dramatically reduced sensitivity to the feedback inhibition by the accumulated lumenal Ca2+, the insensitivity to luminal Ca2+ raises this ion to an abnormally elevated level, 100% activity in comparison to wild-type enzyme
2-chloro-(epsilon-amino-Lys75)-[6-(4-[N,N-diethylamino]phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin]-4-yl-calmodulin-labeled calmodulin is used for determination of enzyme amino acids essential for binding, peptide mapping with full-length binding site peptide 28 and truncated and mutated versions, overview
the mutant displays a very low activity in presence of detergent, but the same maximal velocity and apparent affinity for Ca2+ as the wild-type enzyme in absence of detergent, the mutation affects pronotation-dependent winding and unwinding events in the nearby M6 transmembrane segment
the mutation allows E2P formation from phosphate even at luminal Ca2+ concentrations much too small to support phosphorylation in wild type. The mutant with less than 10% of wild type activity further displays a blocked dephosphorylation of E2P and an increased rate of conversion of the ADP-sensitive E1P phosphoenzyme intermediate to ADP-insensitive E2P as well as insensitivity of the E2-BeF3-complex to luminal Ca2+
the molecular rate of Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis at 37°C with 5 mM MgATP is slightly lower (by less than 15%) than that of wild type enzyme, the mutant displays reduced MgATP affinity
the molecular rate of Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis at 37°C with 5 mM MgATP is slightly lower (by less than 15%) than that of wild type enzyme, the mutant displays reduced MgATP affinity
the molecular rate of Ca2+-activated ATP hydrolysis at 37°C with 5 mM MgATP is similar to, or slightly lower than (by less than 15%) that of wild type enzyme, the mutant displays wild type-like MgATP affinity
the mutant restores the basal dephosphorylation rate to a level about 2fold faster than that of the wild type. Little stimulation of the dephosphorylation by ATPis seen in this mutant
the mutation allows E2P formation from phosphate even at luminal Ca2+ concentrations much too small to support phosphorylation in wild type. The mutant with less than 10% of wild type activity further displays a blocked dephosphorylation of E2P and an increased rate of conversion of the ADP-sensitive E1P phosphoenzyme intermediate to ADP-insensitive E2P as well as insensitivity of the E2-BeF3-complex to luminal Ca2+
site-directed mutagenesis, substitution of Asp100 or Asp136 with Ala in IRT1 eliminates the ability of IRT1 to complement both Fe- and Mn-sensitive yeast mutants, but retains the ability to complement a Zn-sensitive yeast strain
site-directed mutagenesis, substitution of Asp100 or Asp136 with Ala in IRT1 eliminates the ability of IRT1 to complement both Fe- and Mn-sensitive yeast mutants, but retains the ability to complement a Zn-sensitive yeast strain
site-directed mutagenesis, substitution of Asp100 or Asp136 with Ala in IRT1 eliminates the ability of IRT1 to complement both Fe- and Mn-sensitive yeast mutants, but retains the ability to complement a Zn-sensitive yeast strain
site-directed mutagenesis, substitution of Asp100 or Asp136 with Ala in IRT1 eliminates the ability of IRT1 to complement both Fe- and Mn-sensitive yeast mutants, but retains the ability to complement a Zn-sensitive yeast strain
recombinant ECA1 shows ability to confer tolerance to toxic concentrations of Mn when heterologously expressed in a Mn-sensitive mutant yeast strain. The Arabidopsis IAA-leucine resistant 2 (ilr2) mutant has a slight tolerance to Mn stress. Transport characterization of microsomal membrane vesicles from ilr2 plants demonstrates a significant increase in ATP-dependent Mn2+ transport compared to wild-type plants
construction of a pmr1 knockout mutant, which shows high sensitivity to Mn2+ and EGTA, but also resistance to oxidative stress and suppression of highly reactive oxygen species sensitivity od smf3 RNA-mediated interference and daf16 worms, overview
disruption of gene PMR1 homologue CaPMR1 leads to inhibition of many Golgi-located, Mn2+-dependent mannosyltransferases, the Capmr1DELTA null mutant is viable in vitro and without phenotype on media supplemented with Ca2+ and Mn2+, but loose viability on minimal medium with low Ca2+/Mn2+ concentrations and enter in stationary phase, growth and glycosylation defects, overview
disruption of gene PMR1 homologue CaPMR1 leads to inhibition of many Golgi-located, Mn2+-dependent mannosyltransferases, the Capmr1DELTA null mutant is viable in vitro and without phenotype on media supplemented with Ca2+ and Mn2+, but loose viability on minimal medium with low Ca2+/Mn2+ concentrations and enter in stationary phase, growth and glycosylation defects, overview
2-chloro-(epsilon-amino-Lys75)-[6-(4-[N,N-diethylamino]phenyl)-1,3,5-triazin]-4-yl-calmodulin-labeled calmodulin is used for determination of enzyme amino acids essential for binding, peptide mapping with full-length binding site peptide 28 and truncated and mutated versions, overview
construction of a pmr1 null mutant, the mutant strain exhibits growth defects in media with added EGTA, the defect is reversible by addition of Ca2+ or Mn2+, the latter with less effect
the deletion of either Glu243 or Gln244 results in a decrease in the relative Ca2+-ATPase activity, 1G and 3G inserts at site 2 have severe consequences consistent with the lack of measurable Ca2+ transport
construction of a pmr1 knockout (DELTApmr1) cells exhibiting hypersensitivity to EGTA. Overexpression of pdt1+ gene suppresses the EGTA-sensitive growth defects of DELTApmr1 cells. Although DELTApdt1 cells appear normal in the regular medium, they show round cell morphology similar to that of the DELTApmr1 cells when Mn2+ is removed from the medium. The removal of Mn2+ also exacerbates the round morphology of the DELTApmr1 cells. The DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants grow very slowly and shows extremely aberrant cell morphology with round, enlarged and depolarized shape. The addition of Mn2+, but not Ca2+, to the medium completely suppresses the morphological defects, while both Mn2+ and Ca2+ markedly improve the slow growth of the double mutants. Growth of the DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants is affected by Mn2+, Ca2+, FK506, and calcineurin overexpression
construction of a pmr1 knockout (DELTApmr1) cells exhibiting hypersensitivity to EGTA. Overexpression of pdt1+ gene suppresses the EGTA-sensitive growth defects of DELTApmr1 cells. Although DELTApdt1 cells appear normal in the regular medium, they show round cell morphology similar to that of the DELTApmr1 cells when Mn2+ is removed from the medium. The removal of Mn2+ also exacerbates the round morphology of the DELTApmr1 cells. The DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants grow very slowly and shows extremely aberrant cell morphology with round, enlarged and depolarized shape. The addition of Mn2+, but not Ca2+, to the medium completely suppresses the morphological defects, while both Mn2+ and Ca2+ markedly improve the slow growth of the double mutants. Growth of the DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants is affected by Mn2+, Ca2+, FK506, and calcineurin overexpression
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742 cells lacking Pmr1p are less susceptible to growth inhibition from artemisinin and its derivatives. No association between sensitivity to artemisinin and altered trafficking of the drug efflux pump Pdr5p, calcium homeostasis, or protein glycosylation is found in pmr1DELTA yeast mutant. Basal ROS levels are elevated in pmr1DELTA yeast and artemisinin exposure does not enhance ROS accumulation. Yeast mutant pmr1DELTA phenotype, overview
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742 cells lacking Pmr1p are less susceptible to growth inhibition from artemisinin and its derivatives. No association between sensitivity to artemisinin and altered trafficking of the drug efflux pump Pdr5p, calcium homeostasis, or protein glycosylation is found in pmr1DELTA yeast mutant. Basal ROS levels are elevated in pmr1DELTA yeast and artemisinin exposure does not enhance ROS accumulation. Yeast mutant pmr1DELTA phenotype, overview
construction of a pmr1 knockout (DELTApmr1) cells exhibiting hypersensitivity to EGTA. Overexpression of pdt1+ gene suppresses the EGTA-sensitive growth defects of DELTApmr1 cells. Although DELTApdt1 cells appear normal in the regular medium, they show round cell morphology similar to that of the DELTApmr1 cells when Mn2+ is removed from the medium. The removal of Mn2+ also exacerbates the round morphology of the DELTApmr1 cells. The DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants grow very slowly and shows extremely aberrant cell morphology with round, enlarged and depolarized shape. The addition of Mn2+, but not Ca2+, to the medium completely suppresses the morphological defects, while both Mn2+ and Ca2+ markedly improve the slow growth of the double mutants. Growth of the DELTApmr1/DELTApdt1 double mutants is affected by Mn2+, Ca2+, FK506, and calcineurin overexpression
Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain BY4742 cells lacking Pmr1p are less susceptible to growth inhibition from artemisinin and its derivatives. No association between sensitivity to artemisinin and altered trafficking of the drug efflux pump Pdr5p, calcium homeostasis, or protein glycosylation is found in pmr1DELTA yeast mutant. Basal ROS levels are elevated in pmr1DELTA yeast and artemisinin exposure does not enhance ROS accumulation. Yeast mutant pmr1DELTA phenotype, overview