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6.3.2.2: glutamate-cysteine ligase

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about glutamate-cysteine ligase, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 6.3.2.2

Reaction

ATP
+
L-glutamate
 +
L-cysteine
=
ADP
 +
phosphate
 +
gamma-L-glutamyl-L-cysteine

Synonyms

Ace-GCL, Asuc_1947, AtGCL, bifunctional glutathione synthetase, bifunctional GSH synthetase, bifunctional L-glutathione synthetase, gamma -GCS, gamma-ECL, Gamma-ECS, gamma-GC, gamma-GCS, gamma-GCS-GS, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutamate-cysteine ligase/glutathione synthetase, gamma-glutaminylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamycysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamyl-cysteine ligase, gamma-Glutamyl-L-cysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine ligase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthase, gamma-Glutamylcysteine synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-glutathione synthetase, gamma-Glutamylcysteinyl-synthetase, gammaGCS, GCL, GCLC, Gclc-X2, GCLM, GCS, GCSGS, ghF, GLCL, GLCLC, GLCLR, glutamate cysteine ligase, glutamate cysteine ligase gene, glutamate-cysteine ligase, glutamate-cysteine-ligase, glutamate–cysteine ligase, glutathione biosynthesis bifunctional protein GshAB, GSH1, GshA, gshAB, GshF, GshFAp, GshFAs, GSHI, I79_022778, L-glutamate L-cysteine ligase, More, PAD2, PhGshA II, PSHAa0937, StGCL-GS, Synthetase, gamma-glutamylcysteine

ECTree

     6 Ligases
         6.3 Forming carbon-nitrogen bonds
             6.3.2 Acid—amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)
                6.3.2.2 glutamate-cysteine ligase

Metals Ions

Metals Ions on EC 6.3.2.2 - glutamate-cysteine ligase

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METALS and IONS
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY hide
LITERATURE
As3+
-
As3+ coordinately upregulates GCL catalytic subunit and GCL modifier subunit mRNA levels resulting in increased GCL subunit protein expression, holoenzyme formation, and activity. As3+ increases the rate of transcription of both the GCL catalytic subunit and GCL modifier subunit genes and induces the posttranscriptional stabilization of GCL modifier subunit mRNA. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine abolishes As3+-induced GCL catalytic subunit expression and attenuates induction of GCL modifier subunit. As3+ induction of GCL catalytic subunit and GCL modifier subunit is also differentially regulated by the MAPK signaling pathways and occurrs independent of the Nrf1/2 transcription factors
K+
-
absolute requirement for Mg2+, Mn2+, and K+ ions
sodium arsenite
-
induces expression of heavy subunit
Zn2+
-
induces expression of heavy subunit
additional information
-
the first metal binding site n1 binds free metal ions and is composed of 3 conserved residues Glu55, Glu93, and Glu100, n1 also is involved in positioning of L-glutamate for the reaction, located in the active site