6.2.1.12: 4-coumarate-CoA ligase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 6.2.1.12
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6.2.1.12
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phenylpropanoids
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lignin
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flavonoid
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ammonia-lyase
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chalcone
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ferulic
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4-hydroxylase
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p-coumaric
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xylem
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caffeic
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parsley
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populus
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cinnamate-4-hydroxylase
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sinapic
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cinnamyl
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monolignols
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crispum
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stilbene
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lignification
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petroselinum
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caffeate
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trans-cinnamate
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dihydroflavonol
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4.3.1.5
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taeda
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4-reductase
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cinnamoylated
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elicitor-treated
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glycinea
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3-o-methyltransferase
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3\'-hydroxylase
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cinnamoyl-coa
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guaiacyl
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hydroxycinnamoyl-coas
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megasperma
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syringyl
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ccoaomt
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adenylate-forming
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biotechnology
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synthesis
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drug development
- 6.2.1.12
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phenylpropanoids
- lignin
- flavonoid
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ammonia-lyase
- chalcone
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ferulic
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4-hydroxylase
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p-coumaric
- xylem
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caffeic
- parsley
- populus
- cinnamate-4-hydroxylase
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sinapic
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cinnamyl
- monolignols
- crispum
- stilbene
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lignification
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petroselinum
- caffeate
- trans-cinnamate
- dihydroflavonol
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4.3.1.5
- taeda
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4-reductase
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cinnamoylated
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elicitor-treated
- glycinea
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3-o-methyltransferase
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3\'-hydroxylase
- cinnamoyl-coa
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guaiacyl
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hydroxycinnamoyl-coas
- megasperma
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syringyl
- ccoaomt
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adenylate-forming
- biotechnology
- synthesis
- drug development
Reaction
Synonyms
4-CL, 4-coumarate CoA ligase, 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase, 4-coumarate/coenzyme A ligase, 4-coumarate: CoA ligase, 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase, 4-coumarate:CoA ligase, 4-coumarate:CoA-ligase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme A (CoA) ligase, 4-Coumarate:coenzyme A ligase, 4-coumarate:coenzyme-A ligase-1, 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase, 4-coumaroyl coenzyme A ligase, 4-coumaroyl-CoA ligase, 4-coumaroyl-CoA synthase, 4-coumaroyl:CoA ligase, 4-Coumaryl-CoA synthetase, 4CL, 4CL-A1, 4CL-A2, 4CL-B, 4CL1, 4CL10, 4CL2, 4CL3, 4CL4, 4CL5, 4CL7, Ar4CL, At4CL1, Caffeolyl coenzyme A synthetase, caffeoyl-CoA ligase, caffeoyl-CoA synthetase, caffeoyl-coenzyme A synthetase, CarB, Clone 4CL14, Clone 4CL16, coumarate:CoA ligase, Feruloyl CoA ligase, Feruloyl coenzyme A synthetase, Hc4CL, Hydroxy-cinnamate:CoA ligase, Hydroxycinnamate:CoA ligase, Hydroxycinnamoyl CoA synthetase, LJ4CL1, OB4CL_ctg4, OS4CL, Os4Cl1, Os4Cl2, Os4Cl3, Os4Cl4, Os4Cl5, p-Coumaroyl CoA ligase, p-coumaroyl-CoA ligase, p-Coumaryl coenzyme A synthetase, p-Coumaryl-CoA ligase, p-Coumaryl-CoA synthetase, p-Hydroxycinnamic acid:CoA ligase, p-Hydroxycinnamoyl coenzyme A synthetase, Pc4CL2, Pl4CL1, Pl4CL2, Sa4CL1, Sa4CL2, Sa4CL3, Sinapoyl coenzyme A snthetase, Synthetase, p-coumaroyl coenzyme A, type I 4CL
ECTree
6.2.1.12 4-coumarate-CoA ligaseAdvanced search results
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results (Natural Substrates Products
Natural Substrates Products on EC 6.2.1.12 - 4-coumarate-CoA ligase
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NATURAL SUBSTRATE 
NATURAL PRODUCT
REACTION DIAGRAM
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
LITERATURE
(Substrate)
(Substrate)
COMMENTARY
(Product)
(Product)
LITERATURE
(Product)
(Product)
REVERSIBILITY
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
r=reversible
ir=irreversible
?=not specified
ATP + cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + cinnamoyl-CoA
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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4-coumarate-CoA ligase is the last enzyme of the general phenylpropanoid metabolism, supplying substrates for lignin formation and other individual phenylpropanoid pathways
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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enzyme of B-ring-deoxy flavonoid biosymthesis
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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enzyme is involved in the resistance response of soybean against pathogen attack. The different substrate affinities for substituted cinnamic acids and the differential regulation of the 3 isoenzymes, may play a pivotal role in distributing substituted cinnamate intermediates at a branch point of general phenylpropanoid metabolism into subsequent specific pathways
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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enzyme has an important role in the determination of the composition and the amount of lignin in tobacco plants
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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key enzyme of general phenylpropanoid metabolism
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
?
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the isoenzymes can play an important role in the control of the monomeric composition of lignins
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism, 4CL2 involved in coenzyme A ester formation and cocatalytic AMP-donor in (di)adenosine polyphosphate synthesis
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism, class II enzymes part of flavonoid pathway, class I enzymes probably involved in lignin formation and phenolic compound other than flavonoids
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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the enzyme is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
preferred substrate
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
4-coumarate is the most favorable substrate
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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plant phenylpropanoid metabolism
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?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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the enzyme is involved in the phenylpropanoid pathway
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-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
-
-
?
ATP + 4-coumarate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + 4-coumaroyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
the enzyme is involved in the reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond of phenylacrylates such as caffeate. The overall reaction is coupled to ATP synthesis by a chemiosmotic mechanism with Na+ as the coupling ion
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-
?
ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + caffeate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + caffeoyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + ferulate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + feruloyl-CoA
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-
-
?
ATP + trans-cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
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-
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?
ATP + trans-cinnamate + CoA
AMP + diphosphate + trans-cinnamoyl-CoA
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-
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?
additional information
?
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biosynthesis of lignin monomers occurs via the phenylpropanoid pathway, in which the enzyme 4-coumarate-CoA ligase plays a key role by catalyzing the formation of hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA esters, subsequently reduced to the corresponding monolignols hydroxycinnamoyl alcohols, overview, cis-regulatory elements involved in the developmental and wound-induced regulation of the 4CL gene family members, stress-regulated expression, overview
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?
additional information
?
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the 4-coumarate-CoA ligase, 4CL, gene family members are involved in channeling carbon flow into branch pathways of phenylpropanoid metabolism, identification of regulatory genes, overview
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?
additional information
?
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a 7fold increase in 4CL activity is observed in elicited cultures after 24 h of chitosan treatment (200 mg/l) as compared to control
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?
additional information
?
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the enzyme catalyzes the conversion of 4-coumaric acid into coumaroyl-CoA and a few related substrates into their corresponding products such as cinnamoyl-CoA, caffeoyl-CoA, and feruloyl-CoA in a process utilizing ATP, and thus channels the common, phenylalanine-derived building block into the widely distinct branches of general phenylpropanoid metabolism
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-
?
additional information
?
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4CL has a key role in the biosynthesis of monolignols in softwood species
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?
additional information
?
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4CL has a key role in the biosynthesis of monolignols in softwood species
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-
?
additional information
?
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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?
additional information
?
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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?
additional information
?
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isozyme Pl4CL2 has a broader substrate specificity than Pl4CL1
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-
?
additional information
?
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three key enzymes: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, cinnamate-4-hydroxylase, and 4-coumarate-coenzyme A ligase, catalyzing the biosynthesis of these compounds during berry development, contents of gallic, protocatechuic, gentisic and caffeic acid all change drastically during berry development, while other compounds containing 4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, syringic, chlorogenic, 4-coumaric, ferulic and sinapic acid vary only slightly
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?
