5.3.99.2: Prostaglandin-D synthase
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For detailed information about Prostaglandin-D synthase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 5.3.99.2
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5.3.99.2
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cerebrospinal
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arachidonic
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cox-2
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csf
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cyclooxygenase
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prostanoids
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lipocalins
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indomethacin
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creatinine
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cystatin
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mast
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sleep
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glomerular
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seminal
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allergic
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leptomeninges
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aspirin
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eicosanoids
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thromboxane
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leukotriene
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nonsteroidal
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plexus
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nsaid
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medicine
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synthase-1
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subarachnoidal
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1.14.99.1
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ventrolateral
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pgf2alpha
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transthyretin
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preoptic
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rhinorrhea
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endoperoxide
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fistula
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sleep-promoting
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nephelometric
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beta2-microglobulin
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pghs-1
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arachnoid
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hydroperoxidase
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sleep-wake
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analysis
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synthesis
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nutrition
- 5.3.99.2
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cerebrospinal
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arachidonic
- cox-2
- csf
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cyclooxygenase
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prostanoids
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lipocalins
- indomethacin
- creatinine
- cystatin
-
mast
- sleep
-
glomerular
-
seminal
-
allergic
- leptomeninges
- aspirin
-
eicosanoids
-
thromboxane
-
leukotriene
-
nonsteroidal
- plexus
-
nsaid
- medicine
- synthase-1
-
subarachnoidal
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1.14.99.1
-
ventrolateral
-
pgf2alpha
- transthyretin
-
preoptic
- rhinorrhea
-
endoperoxide
-
fistula
-
sleep-promoting
-
nephelometric
- beta2-microglobulin
- pghs-1
-
arachnoid
-
hydroperoxidase
-
sleep-wake
- analysis
- synthesis
- nutrition
Reaction
Synonyms
beta-Trace, Beta-trace protein, betaTP, glutathione dependent prostaglandine D2 synthase, Glutathione-dependent PGD synthetase, glutathione-dependent prostaglandin D2 synthase, Glutathione-independent PGD synthetase, H-PGDS, haematopoietic PGD synthase, haematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, Hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase, hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase, HPGDS, Isomerase, prostaglanin R2 D-, L-PGDS, L-prostaglandin D synthase, L-type prostaglandin synthase, lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase, lipocalin type prostaglandin D synthase, lipocalin-prostaglandin D synthase, lipocalin-type PG D synthase, lipocalin-type PGD synthase, lipocalin-type Pgds, lipocalin-type prostaglandin d synthase, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase, lipocaline-type prostaglandin D synthase, PGD synthase, PGD-S, PGD2 synthase, PGD2 synthetase, PGDS, PGDS2, PGH-PGD isomerase, PGH2 D-isomerase, Prostaglandin D synthase, Prostaglandin D2 synthase, prostaglandin D2 synthetase, prostaglandin synthase, Prostaglandin-D synthase, Prostaglandin-H2 D-isomerase, Prostaglandin-R-prostaglandin D isomerase, PTGDS
ECTree
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Application on EC 5.3.99.2 - Prostaglandin-D synthase
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APPLICATION 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
analysis
medicine
nutrition
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prostaglandin D2 stimulates food intake after intracerebroventricular administration in mice. Central administration of an antagonist or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide for the DP1 receptor remarkably decreases food intake, body weight and fat mass. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of lipocalin-type PGD synthase are up-regulated after fasting
synthesis
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optimized expression protocol for recombinant enzyme in Escherichia coli and purification protocol yielding large amounts of isotopically labeled enzyme
analysis
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particle concentration fluorescence immunoassay for prostaglandin D synthase is suitable for determining the content of prostaglandin D synthetase in various regions of the rat CNS. The method allows to assay a large number of samples with reasonable sensitivity
analysis
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PGD synthase is a useful marker for identifying the differentiation stage of human megakaryocytic cells
medicine
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the enzyme may be a potential marker that may aid in the differential diagnosis of obstructive and non-obstructive azoospermia
medicine
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enzyme mRNA is up-regulated in mouse model of globoid cell leukodystrophy or Krabbes disease, of Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, GM1 gangliosidosis and Niemann-Pick type C1 disease,. Oligodendrocytes of all these mouse models show strong immunoreactivity for enzyme, but not astrocytes or microglia
medicine
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hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase derived prostaglandins may protect against inflammatory diseases, where T-lymphocytes play a pathogenic role, as in rheumatoid arthritis, atopic eczema, and chronic rejection
medicine
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hematopoitic prostaglandin synthase controls an inhibitory effect on intestinal tumours
medicine
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hematopoitic prostaglandin synthase controls an inhibitory effect on intestinal tumours
medicine
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lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase may have the ability to improve progressive motility of sperm and, in seminal plasma and on sperm surface, may impact male fertility in the female reproductive tract
medicine
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prostaglandin synthase and testicular factor SOX9 are expressed at both RNA and protein levels in different types of ovarian tumors, while treatment of these cells with prostaglandin D2 can inhibit their growth and induce apoptosis
medicine
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the lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase, prostaglandin D2, and prostaglandin D receptor system plays a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological sleep
medicine
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transgenic mice overexpressing the enzyme improve clearance of Pseudomonas from the lung compared with nontransgenic mice, as does intratracheal instillation of prostaglandin D2. Enzyme knock-out mice show impaired ability to remove Pseudomonas from the lung. Potential therapeutic use of enzyme or prostaglandin D2 against Pseudomonas pneumoniae
medicine
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apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutics paclitaxel, cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil is prevented by siRNA targeting lipocalin-type prostaglandin synthase-D
medicine
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both hematopoietic- and lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase are present in cartilage from healthy donors as well as from patients with osteoarthritits. Level of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase is more than 20fold higher than hematopoietic-type enzyme. Levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase mRNA and protein are increased in cartilage from aptients with osteoarthritis. Treatment of chondrocytes with IL-1beta upregulates lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase mRNA and protein expressions as well as prostaglandin D2 production in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The upregulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase by IL-1beta is blocked by the translational inhibitor cycloheximide. Specific inhibitors of the MAPK p38 and c-jun N-terminal kinase and of the NF-kappaB and Notch signalling pathways suppress IL-1beta-induced upregulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase expression. An inhibitor of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase ERK/MAPK demonstrates no significant influence. Prostaglandin D2 prevents IL-1beta-induced upregulation of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase expression
medicine
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in patients receiving long-term intravenous administration of gentamicin for the treatment of infective endocarditis, systemic clearance of gentamicin is reduced by 10% from the early to late treatment phase, wherease urinary lipocalin-type prostaglandin synthase excretion shows a significant increase. No significant changes are observed for urinary beta2-microglobulin and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase concentrations
medicine
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in patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, concentration of prostaglandin-D synthase is significantly increased in cerebrospinal fluid, due to a blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier dysfunction. The intrathecal synthesis of prostaglandin-D synthase is significantly decreased in these patients. Changes of the ratio of cerebrospinal fluid prostaglandin-D synthase to albumin are only observed in patients with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, but not in Miller Fisher Syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, or multiple sclerosis patients
medicine
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in patients with HIV infection who have progressive neurocognitive decline over the next 6 months and in patients with a history of intravenal drug use, 3-nitrotyrosine modified proteins are significantly elevated. Among the 13 different proteins with 3-nitrotyrosine modification identified, lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase is the most abundant, and the modification results in loss of enzymatic activity
medicine
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in patients with stabel coronary artery disease who underwent diagnostic coronary angiography, the most powerful independent predictor of the coronary severity score is the level of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase
medicine
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level of seminal plasma lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase is significantly lower in groups with obstruction of the male seminal tract. Men with nonobstructive azoospermia have less homogenity of lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase levels. Lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase can be a potential biomarker for assessing patency in the seminal tract in men with azoospermia. In men with azoospermia and high seminal lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase levels, the diagnosis of nonobstructive azoospermia can be potentially made without biopsy
medicine
orally administered AT-56, i.e. 4-dibenzo [a,d]cyclohepten-5-ylidene-1-[4-(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-butyl]-piperidine, below 30 mg/kg body weight decreases the prostaglandin D2 production to 40% in the brain of H-PGDS-deficient mice after a stab-wound injury in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the production of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2alpha, and also suppresses the accumulation of eosinophils and monocytes in the bronco-alveolar lavage fluid from the antigen-induced lung inflammation model of human L-PGDS-transgenic mice
medicine
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prostaglandin D2 stimulates food intake after intracerebroventricular administration in mice. Central administration of an antagonist or antisense oligodeoxynucleotide for the DP1 receptor remarkably decreases food intake, body weight and fat mass. Hypothalamic mRNA levels of lipocalin-type PGD synthase are up-regulated after fasting
medicine
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study on the pharmacokinetics of recombinant human lipocalin-type prostaglandin-D synthase in canines. After an intravenous bolus injection, the serum concentration decreases biexponentially with a half-life of the terminal line phase of 0.77 h. L-PGDS is distributed mainly in the blood. Only 10.3% of the administered enzyme is excreted to the urine, suggesting that L-PGDS is actively degraded within the body
medicine
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based on the observations it is speculated that PGD2 acts as one of the immuno-modulating molecules in gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori, PGD2 might be involved in the pathophysiology of other gastric diseases, such as gastric ulcers or erosion
medicine
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dendritic cells in the epidermis and dermis are capable of functioning as an important source of PGD2 in the skin, thereby contributing to or regulating innate and/or acquired immune responses of the skin
medicine
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induction of L-PGDS expression in the heart as a response to hemodynamic stress
medicine
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L-PGDS is beneficial for protecting the brain against transient and permanent cerebral ischemia, these results provide a better understanding of the role played by the enzymes that control eicosanoid synthesis and how they can be utilized as potential targets to prevent damage following either acute or potentially chronic neurological disorders
medicine
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prostaglandin D2 produced by hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase contributes to lipopolysaccharide-induced fever
medicine
prostaglandin D2 synthesized by the hematopoietic prostaglandin D2 synthase has a pro-inflammatory effect in allergic asthma, regulating many hallmark characteristics of the disease
medicine
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the results demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase in the model are mediated by suppression of activation and infiltration of inflammatory cells
medicine
elevated enzyme levels in the cervicovaginal secretions of women are a potential biomarker for preterm birth
medicine
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the enzyme is a biomarker for the assessment of cerebrospinal fluid leaks
