4.1.1.31: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, go to the full flat file.
Word Map on EC 4.1.1.31
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4.1.1.31
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gluconeogenesis
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gluconeogenic
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malate
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co2
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hepatocytes
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glucose-6-phosphatase
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glycogen
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g6pase
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triglyceride
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maize
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malic
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camp
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glucocorticoid
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hyperglycemia
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adipose
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fructose
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peroxisome
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glucagon
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glucokinase
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mesophyll
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crassulacean
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high-fat
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rubisco
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anaplerotic
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proliferator-activated
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hepatoma
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nadp-malic
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tricarboxylic
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ribulose
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lipogenesis
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dikinase
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lipogenic
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sorghum
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periportal
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ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
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anti-diabetic
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orthophosphate
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glycogenolysis
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photorespiration
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fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
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carboxylases
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6-phosphatase
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hypoglycemic
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oxalacetate
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rubp
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1,5-bisphosphate
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biotechnology
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perivenous
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agriculture
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synthesis
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transphosphorylating
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photorespiratory
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1,6-bisphosphatase
- 4.1.1.31
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gluconeogenesis
-
gluconeogenic
- malate
- co2
- hepatocytes
- glucose-6-phosphatase
- glycogen
- g6pase
- triglyceride
- maize
-
malic
- camp
- glucocorticoid
- hyperglycemia
- adipose
- fructose
- peroxisome
- glucagon
- glucokinase
- mesophyll
-
crassulacean
-
high-fat
- rubisco
-
anaplerotic
-
proliferator-activated
- hepatoma
-
nadp-malic
-
tricarboxylic
- ribulose
-
lipogenesis
- dikinase
-
lipogenic
- sorghum
-
periportal
- ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate
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anti-diabetic
- orthophosphate
-
glycogenolysis
-
photorespiration
- fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
- carboxylases
-
6-phosphatase
-
hypoglycemic
- oxalacetate
- rubp
-
1,5-bisphosphate
- biotechnology
-
perivenous
- agriculture
- synthesis
-
transphosphorylating
-
photorespiratory
-
1,6-bisphosphatase
Reaction
Synonyms
archaeal-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, AT1G53310, atPEPC, Atppc1, Atppc2, Atppc3, Atppc4, bacterial-type PEPC, bacterial-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, BPTC, BTPC, C4 PEPC, C4-PEPC, Carboxylase, phosphopyruvate (phosphate), Class-1 PEPC, Class-2 PEPC, CP21, CP28, CP46, CrPpc1, CrPpc2, Hvpepc3, Hvpepc4, Hvpepc5, Ljpepc1, NCgl1523, OJ1484_G09.129-1, Osppc2a, Osppc4, PEOC, PEP carboxylase, PEP-carboxylase, PEPC, PEPC(p102)kinase, PEPC1, PEPC2, PEPC3, PEPC7, PepcA, PEPCase, PEPCase1, PEPCK, PEPK, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, Phosphoenolpyruvic carboxylase, photosynthetic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, plant-type phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, PPC, PPC1, PPC2, PPC2a, PPC3, PPC4, PpcA, PpcA1, PPCK1, PPCK2, PTPC, S.minutum PEPC1, Sb02g021090, Sb04g008720, SORBI_3007G106500, SSO2256, SvPEPC
ECTree
4.1.1.31 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylaseAdvanced search results
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results (Inhibitors
Inhibitors on EC 4.1.1.31 - phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase
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INHIBITOR 
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
COMMENTARY 
LITERATURE
IMAGE
3,3-dichloro-2-(dihydroxyphosphinoylmethyl) propenoate
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micromolar inhibitor
Butanoate
decreases PEPC activity and restricts the stimulation by abscisic acid
glutamate
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IC50 of phospho-PEPC1: 2.1 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC1: 2.2 mM; IC50 of phospho-PEPC2: 4.1 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC2: 7.0 mM, enzyme form PEPC2
KCl
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0.05-1.0 M, 60% inhibition at 0.25 M, 27% inhibition at 0.1 M
L-glutamate
very low sensitivities to allosteric inhibitors aspartate and glutamate; very low sensitivities to allosteric inhibitors aspartate and glutamate
Mg2+
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free, non-competitive. Substrate inhibition by Mg-phosphoenolpyruvate is caused by inhibition by high Mg2+ and ionic strength
(3-bromophenyl)-4-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
compound has a selectivity factor of 16.6 for C4 plant PepC over C3 plant PepC
(3-bromophenyl)-4-(3-hydroxybenzylidene)-pyrazolidine-3,5-dione
compound has a selectivity factor of 16.6 over C3 PepC
2-oxoglutarate
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potent inhibitor at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, but its effectiveness is decreased by raising the pH to 8 and/or by adding glycerol
2-oxoglutarate
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inhibition of enzyme form PEPC I and PEPC II, no inhibition of enzyme form PEPC III
2-oxoglutarate
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isoenzyme PEPC1 is more sensitive to inhibition than isoenzyme PEPC2
ADP
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10mM, 57% inhibition in presence of 5 mM Mg2+, 46% inhibition in presence of 15 mM Mg2+
AMP
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10mM, 16% inhibition in presence of 5 mM Mg2+, 12% inhibition in presence of 15 mM Mg2+
Asp
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potent inhibitor at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, but its effectiveness is decreased by raising the pH to 8 and/or by adding glycerol
Asp
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at pH 7.2, weak competitive inhibition for enzyme form PEPC I, strong competitive inhibition for enzyme form PEPC II and enzyme form PEPC III
Asp
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isoenzyme PEPC1 is more sensitive to inhibition than isoenzyme PEPC2
aspartate
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the enzyme loses about 95% activity when the aspartate concentration is more than 2 mM
aspartate
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IC50 of phospho-PEPC1: 0.35 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC1: 0.32 mM; IC50 of phospho-PEPC2: 2.6 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC2: 4.5 mM, enzyme form PEPC2
ATP
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10mM, 92% inhibition in presence of 5 mM Mg2+, 65% inhibition in presence of 15 mM Mg2+
ATP
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2 mM, 65% decreases of activity of PEPC1 at pH 7.3, 13% decrease in activity of PEPC2 at pH 8
Ca2+
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substitution of 20 mM CaCl2 for 20 mM MgCl2 results in 90-100% inhibition
citrate
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potent inhibitor at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, but its effectiveness is decreased by raising the pH to 8 and/or by adding glycerol
Glu
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potent inhibitor at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, but its effectiveness is decreased by raising the pH to 8 and/or by adding glycerol
Glu
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inhibition of enzyme form PEPC I and PEPC II, no inhibition of enzyme form PEPC III
Glu
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isoenzyme PEPC1 is more sensitive to inhibition than isoenzyme PEPC2
GTP
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10mM, 58% inhibition in presence of 5 mM Mg2+, 15% inhibition in presence of 15 mM Mg2+
L-Asp
L-Asp competitively inhibits the enzyme with respect to the substrate, Mg2+-phosphoenolpyruvate
L-Asp
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2 mM, 95% decreases of activity of PEPC1 at pH 7.3, 49% decrease in activity of PEPC2 at pH 8
L-Asp
Thermostichus vulcanus
more sensitive to inhibition by Asp at pH 9.0 than at pH 7.0
L-aspartate
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10 mM, 41% inhibition in presence of 5 mM Mg2+ or 15 mM Mg2+
L-aspartate
very low sensitivities to allosteric inhibitors aspartate and glutamate; very low sensitivities to allosteric inhibitors aspartate and glutamate
L-aspartate
1 mM, 85% residual activity for wild-type, 60% for mutant K954E, respectively
L-Glu
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2 mM, 96% decreases of activity of PEPC1 at pH 7.3, 22% decrease in activity of PEPC2 at pH 8
L-malate
sensitivity to L-malate is decreased after abscisic acid treatment
L-malate
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IC50: 3.84 mM for enzyme from mesocarop, stored in air, 5.95 mM for enzyme from mesocarop stored in 20% CO2, 2.01 mM for enzyme from peel stored in air
L-malate
1 mM, 30% residual activity, 80% for mutant K946E, respectively
L-malate
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the inhibition by 0.16 mM L-malate, pH 7.3, decreases from 70 to 30%, along with a consistent increase in IC50 from 0.075 mM to 0.22 mM after 5 days of germination
L-malate
1 mM, 77% residual activity, 60% for mutant K954E, respectively
lyso-phosphatidic acid
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 45% of the control activity
lyso-phosphatidic acid
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 45% of the control activity
malate
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dry heat, dark, 25°C: 96% inhibition, 45°C: 84% inhibition/dry heat, light, 25°C: 59% inhibition, 45°C: 31.2% inhibition/wet heat, dark, 25°C: 94%, 45°C: 76% inhibition /wet heat, light, 25°C: 46% inhibition, 45°C: 17% inhibition
malate
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IC50: 8 mM for PEPC activity in situ, 1.5 mM for PEPC activity in vitro
malate
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potent inhibitor at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, but its effectiveness is decreased by raising the pH to 8 and/or by adding glycerol
malate
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the day form of the enzyme is 10times more sensitive than the night form of the enzyme
malate
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competitive inhibitor of enzyme form PEPC I and enzyme form PEPC III, mixed-type inhibitor for enzyme form PEPC II
malate
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2 mM, 96% decreases of activity of PEPC1 at pH 7.3, 59% decrease in activity of PEPC1 at pH 8
malate
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IC50 of phospho-PEPC1: 0.075 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC1: 0.029 mM; IC50 of phospho-PEPC2: 0.57 mM, IC50 of dephospho-PEPC2: 1.47 mM, enzyme form PEPC2
Mn2+
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maximal activity at 0.5 mM Mn2+, strong decrease of activity above 2 mM
Mn2+
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substitution of 20 mM MnCl2 for 20 mM MgCl2 results in 90-100% inhibition
NaCl
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0.05-1.0 M, 60% inhibition at 0.25 M, 27% inhibition at 0.1 M
phosphate
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activates at pH 7 in absence of glycerol, inhibits under other assay conditions
phosphatidic acid
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 40% of the control activity. Inclusion of D-glucose 6-phosphate or L-malate do not change the effect of phosphatidic acid on PEPC, preincubation of the enzyme with 5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate prior to the addition of phosphatidic acid did not prevent inactivation either. The incubation of phosphatidic acid-inactivated PEPC with protein kinase A does not restore PEPC activity
phosphatidic acid
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 40% of the control activity. Inclusion of D-glucose 6-phosphate or L-malate do not change the effect of phosphatidic acid on PEPC, preincubation of the enzyme with 5 mM phosphoenolpyruvate prior to the addition of phosphatidic acid did not prevent inactivation either. The incubation of phosphatidic acid-inactivated PEPC with protein kinase A does not restore PEPC activity
phosphatidylinositol
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 40% of the control activity
phosphatidylinositol
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 40% of the control activity
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 50% of the control activity
phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 50% of the control activity
phosphatidylserine
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 80% of the control activity
phosphatidylserine
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addition of 0.05 mM phosphatidic acid decreases PEPC activity to approximately 80% of the control activity
pyruvate
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inhibition of enzyme form PEPC I and PEPC II, no inhibition of enzyme form PEPC III
Zn2+
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substitution of 20 mM ZnCl2 for 20 mM MgCl2 results in 90-100% inhibition
additional information
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not inhibited by phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, lyso-phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine
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additional information
not inhibited by 2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyl-quinoxaline
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additional information
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phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine have no effect on enzyme activity
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additional information
Thermostichus vulcanus
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the enzyme is almost insensitive to feedback inhibition at neutral pH
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