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3.4.21.73: u-Plasminogen activator

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about u-Plasminogen activator, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.4.21.73

Reaction

Specific cleavage of Arg-/-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin =

Synonyms

Abbokinase, Cellular plasminogen activator, Double-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator, EC 3.4.21.31, EC 3.4.99.26, Plasminogen activator, urokinase-type, PLAU, Two-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator, u-PA, U-plasminogen activator, UK, uPA, uPA-type Plg activator, Urinary esterase A, Urinary plasminogen activator, Urokinase, Urokinase plasminogen activator, urokinase type plasminogen activator, urokinase-plasminogen activator, urokinase-type PA, urokinase-type plasmin activator, urokinase-type plasminogen, Urokinase-type plasminogen activator, urokinase-type Plg activator, urokine-type plasminogen activator

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)
             3.4.21 Serine endopeptidases
                3.4.21.73 u-Plasminogen activator

Expression

Expression on EC 3.4.21.73 - u-Plasminogen activator

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
downregulation of uPA and uPAR by early growth response 1, EGR1, forced expression of EGR1 decreases the expression of uPA and urokinase receptor uPAR proteins. uPA activity is decreased 0.49fold by EGR1 in Saos-2 cells
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efficacy of grape seed extract in downregulating uPA expression and cell migration using highly metastatic androgen-independent PC-3 prostate cancer cells as a model. Grape seed extract inhibits DNA-binding activity of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B, which in turn decreases NFkB-dependent uPA transcription. Grape seed extract also inhibits NFkB-dependent urokinase plasminogen activator promoter activity
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elevated levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 , TIMP-1, render the liver more susceptible to metastasis by triggering urokinase plasminogen activator expression as well as hepatocyte growth factor signalling, thereby leading to the fatal scattered infiltration of metastasizing tumour cells throughout the parenchyma of the target organ
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endogenous miR-193b expression inhibits uPA expression, anti-miR-193b increases uPA expression and increases cell invasion of breast cancer cells. During breast cancer cell metastasis, miR-193b expression is downregulated leading to increased uPA expression
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expression of uPA mRNA and enzyme production is increased by the addition of prostaglandin E2, PGE2, in cell lines of lung fibroblasts, although the cell surface uPA level is comparable to that of PGE2 untreated cells, overview
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in human endometrial cells, uPA and PAI-1 expression is regulated by steroid hormones such as estradiol, and progesterone. P4 suppresses uPA in epithelial cells and enhances inhibitor PAI-1 expression in both epithelial and stromal cells
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increase of uPA activity and expression by freezing/thawing process in porcine uterus endometrial epithelium cells. Reactive oxygen species, that occur in high rates in response to the freezing-thawing stimulus, actively participate in the induction of uPA expression in frozen-thawed and in vitro-cultured cells
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inhibition of sphingosine kinase blocks basal expression of uPA and uPAR, as well as glioma cell invasion, however overexpression of sphingosine kinase does not augment sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-mediated enhancement of uPA activity or invasion
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inhibitors of p-ERK and p-p38 downregulate uPA in CFPAN-1 and PANC-1 cells, but these inhibitors affect uPAR considerably more than uPA
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interleukin-17 induces enzyme production in peripheral blood mesenchymal stem cells, without affecting matrix metalloproteinase expression
lipopolysaccharide induces u-PA expression. TLR-4 and NF-kappaB inhibition ameliorates LPS-enhanced u-PA and u-PAR expression, tumour cell vitronectin adhesion and ECM invasion
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macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1, MIC-1, is a critical inducer of apoptosis-related gene products such as activated urokinetype plasminogen activator, PLAU, and PLAU receptor, uPAR. Ribotoxic stress agent anisomycin induces MIC-1 gene expression. Gene expression of apoptosis-mediator MIC-1 is enhanced by activating transcription factor 3, ATF-3, via the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway, and both promoter activity and mRNA stability of MIC-1 gene are up-regulated by ribotoxic anisomycin via the p38 MAP kinase signaling pathway
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plumbagin induces the enzyme expression in Hep-G2 cells, liver carcinoma cells, also inhibiting the invasion and migration of the cancer cells, overview
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sphingosine-1-phosphate, S1P, induces expression of uPA and of its receptor uPAr in gliobalstoma multiforme cells. S1P1 receptor overexpression leads to the most dramatic induction of the uPA system and of spheroid invasion, even in the absence of added S1P, while expression of receptors S1P2 and S1P3 does not affect uPA expression, overview
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TGF-beta1 induces expression of urokinase type plasminogen activator, but the stimulation by TFG-beta1 is inhibited by Spred2
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uPA and its endogenous inhibitor PAI-1 are downregulated by grape seed, Vitis ssp., proanthocyanidin extract, both at the RNA and protein levels, due to the extract's antioxidant activity
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uPA is induced by ATP in microglia. The expression and release of uPA is under active regulation in BV2 microglial cells
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uPA transcription and activity is only markedly increased during chronic neurodegeneration, not during acute intracerebral lipopolysaccharide-induced or acute kainate-induced neurodegeneration. Increase in total plasminogen activation with progression of prion disease is apparent in both soluble and membrane fractions