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3.4.21.68: t-Plasminogen activator

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about t-Plasminogen activator, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.4.21.68

Reaction

Specific cleavage of Arg-/-Val bond in plasminogen to form plasmin =

Synonyms

Alteplase, BAT-PA, desmoteplase, DSPA beta, DSPA gamma, EC 3.4.21.31, EC 3.4.99.26, human tissue-type plasminogen activator, IV t-PA, IV tissue plasminogen activator, More, plasminogen activator, Plasminogen activator, tissue-type, PLAT, r-tPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, Reteplase, rt-PA, rtPA, sc-tPA, sctPA, single chain enzyme tPA, t-PA, t-PA protein, t-plasminogen activator, tc-tPA, tctPA, Tissue plasminogen activator, tissue type plasminogen activator, tissue-plasminogen activator, Tissue-type plasminogen activator, tissue-type plasmiongen activator, tPA, two chain tPA

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.4 Acting on peptide bonds (peptidases)
             3.4.21 Serine endopeptidases
                3.4.21.68 t-Plasminogen activator

Expression

Expression on EC 3.4.21.68 - t-Plasminogen activator

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
adenosine potentiates mast cell tPA activity and tPA gene expression, abolished in the presence of adenosine deaminase. Adenosine upregulates A2A receptor subtype transcript-expression level in HMC-1 cells and human lung mast cells
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after 6-h exposure to cigarette smoke extract, the expression levels of t-PA protein in 10% and 20% cigarette smoke extract-treated groups reduce significantly when compared with that of control group
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after stimulation with 5% cigarette smoke extract for 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 hours, no significant difference is found at the levels of tissue plasminogen protein and mRNA after 2-h simvastatin pre-treatment
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basal expression of tissue plasminogen activator is not affected by any of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma individually or in combination, no increase in tissue plasminogen activator synthesis is observed by ELISA when cells are stimulated with viral polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid RNA for 3 and 6 h, both with and without cytokine pretreatment
for hemostatic function of endothelial cells, tissue plasminogen activator secretion by Puro-selected endothelial cells are measured with or without shear stress exposure. Tissue plasminogen activator, which has fibrinolytic function, is known to increase with exposure to shear stress. Free tissue plasminogen activator level is increased in Tie1- and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule promoter-driven Puro-selected cells, but Flk1 and vascular endothelial-cadherin promoter-driven cells show the opposite trend. The levels of free tissue plasminogen activator in embryonic stem cell-derived cells are much higher than that of EOMA cells in general. plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion by these cells can be estimated by comparing the ratio between free and total tissue plasminogen activator because total tissue plasminogen activator reflects plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 bound as well as free tissue plasminogen activator. Abnormally high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 secretion indicates by high bound tissue plasminogen activator in EOMA cells can result from in vitro culture conditions of EOMA in its proliferative state, because quiescent endothelial cells have very low plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Higher free/total tissue plasminogen activator ratio in embryonic stem cell-derived endothelial cells indicates lower plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 level in these cells, and thus these cells may be closer to quiescence
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influence of endothelial cells on astrocytic gene expression of t-PA using an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier, primary rat astrocyte-enriched cultures are cocultured with primary adult rat brain microvascular endothelial cells on opposite sides of a transwell membrane, after co-culturing for 9-11 days, the cultures are treated with lipopolysaccharide for 8 h or 24 h, t-PA mRNA expression in astrocytes are unaffected by co-cultivation and/or lipopolysaccharide treatment, analysis of endothelial t-PA gene expression reveals increased unaltered t-PA mRNA levels
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the effects of lipopolysaccharide treatment on the astrocyte levels t-PA transcripts are investigated, lipopolysaccharide does not induce any significant alterations in t-PA gene expression in either monocultured or co-cultured astrocytes
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the influence of astrocytes on endothelial t-PA mRNA expression is studied, for co-cultured endothelial cells, no altered t-PA mRNA levels are observed between the co-cultured cells and the monocultured endothelial cells after treatment with lipopolysaccharide
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tPA is induced in epilepsy by a mechanism underlying seizure activity. Expression and cellular distribution of tPA in several epileptogenic pathologies, including hippocampal sclerosis, and developmental glioneuronal lesions, such as focal cortical dysplasia, cortical tubers in patients with the tuberous sclerosis complex and in gangliogliomas, using immuno-cytochemical, western blot and real-time quantitative PCR analysis, overview
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viral polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid RNA in the culture medium increases mesangial tissue plasminogen activator expression, exposure of mesangial cells to viral polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid RNA at a concentration of 0.5 or 5 microg/ml increases significantly tissue plasminogen activator mRNA levels in a dose-dependent manner, an effect which is further enhanced with pretreatment of mesangial cells with the cytokine combination, a significant increase in tissue plasminogen activator protein is observed only when cells are pretreated with the combination of proinflammatory cytokines and additionally stimulated with viral polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid RNA, after 12 and 24 h of polyriboinosinic:polyribocytidylic acid RNA stimulation, tissue plasminogen activator release increases significantly under basal conditions, an effect which is further enhanced when cells are pretreated with the cytokine combination, the maximum increase is observed at 24 h
when astrocytes are co-cultured with endothelial cells, no significant alterations in the mRNA levels of t-PA mRNA expression are observed in cocultured astrocytes
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