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3.1.1.4: phospholipase A2

This is an abbreviated version!
For detailed information about phospholipase A2, go to the full flat file.

Word Map on EC 3.1.1.4

Reaction

phosphatidylcholine
+
H2O
=
1-acylglycerophosphocholine
 +
a carboxylate

Synonyms

1-CysPrx, 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin, 14 kDa phospholipase A2, A2-IIA, Acanmyotoxin-1, acidic Asp49 phospholipase A2, acidic Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2, acidic phospholipase A2, ACS, adiponutrin, AdPLA, Agkistrotoxin, AgkTx-II, aiPLA2, alpha-type phospholipase A2, amdI1, Ammodytin I2, ammodytoxin A, APLA, APP-D-49, Arg49 phospholipase A2, Arg49 phospholipase A2 homologue, Asp49 basic myotoxic PLA2, Asp49 PLA2, Asp49-PLA2, ASPLA1, ASPLA10, ASPLA11, ASPLA12, ASPLA13, ASPLA14, ASPLA15, ASPLA16, ASPLA17, ASPLA2, ASPLA3, ASPLA4, ASPLA5, ASPLA6, ASPLA7, ASPLA8, ASPLA9, Ats-PLA2-alpha, AtsPLA2-alpha, AtsPLA2-gamma, ATX, BaltPLA2, basic Asp49 PLA2, Basic protein I/II, BaTX, BinTx-I, BinTx-II, BJ-PLA2, Bj-V, BJUPLA2, Bothropstoxin-I, BPI/BPII, BthTX, BthTX-1, BthTX-I, BthTX-II, bvPLA2, Ca+2-independent PLA2, Ca2+ independent PLA2, Ca2+-independent iPLA2, Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2, Ca2+-independent PLA2, CaI-PLA2, calcium-d-independent cytosolic PLA2, calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2, calcium-independent group VIA iPLA2, calcium-independent phospholipase A2, Caudoxin, Cdt PLA2, class XIB phospholipase A2, ColTx-I, cPLA2, cPLA2 alpha, cPLA2-alpha, cPLA2-gamma, cPLA2-zeta2, cPLA2alpha, cPLA2beta, cPLA2delta, cPLA2epsilon, cPLA2zeta, cPm09, Cr-IV 1, Cro, crotapotin, crotoxin, CTX, cytoplasmic phospholipase A2, cytosolic calcium-dependent PLA2, cytosolic cPLA2, cytosolic gIVaPLA2, cytosolic group IVA cPLA2, cytosolic group IVa phospholipase A2, cytosolic phospholipase A2, cytosolic phospholipase A2 alpha, cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha, cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha, cytosolic PLA2, cytotoxin ExoU, Daboxin P, DrK-aI, DrK-aII, DrK-bI, DrK-bII, DrPLA2, DsM-bI, DsM-S1, Enhancing factor, exoenzyme U, ExoU, ExoU-specific PLA2, GIA cobra venom PLA2, GIIA, GIIA PLA2, GIIA sPLA2, GIIC sPLA2, GIID, GIID sPLA2, GIIE, GIIE sPLA2, GIIF, GIIF sPLA2, GIII sPLA2, GIIIsPLA2, GIVA, GIVA cPLA2, GIVA phospholipase A2, GIVA PLA2, GIVD cPLA2delta, GIVF, Gln49-PLA2, group IA PLA2, Group IB phospholipase A2, group IB PLA2, group II snake venom phospholipase A2, Group IIA phospholipase A2, group IIA PLA2, group IIA secretory phospholipase A2, group IIA secretory PLA2, group IID secretory phospholipase A2, group III Glu62-phospholipase A2, group III PLA2, group III sPLA2, group IV cPLA2, group IVA cPLA2, group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2, group IVA phospholipase A2, group IVA PLA2, group IVB phospholipase A2, Group V phospholipase A2, group V secreted phospholipase A2, Group VI phospholipase A2, Group VIA Ankyrin-1, Group VIA Ankyrin-2, group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A, group VIA cPLA2, group VIA phospholipase A2, Group VIA PLA2, Group VIA-3, group X secreted phospholipase A2, GS2, GV sPLA2, GVI PLA2, GVIA, GVIA iPLA2, GVIA PLA2, GVIA-iPLA2, GVIIA PLA2, GX, GX sPLA2, GXII sPLA2, GXIIA, GXIII sPLA2, hGX sPLA2, hIBPLA2, hIIAPLA2, human group IB PLA2, human group IIA phospholipase A2, IB PLA2, immune-associated phospholipase A2, imperatoxin, intercro, IPLA-1, iPLA2, iPLA2-gamma, jerdoxin, lecithinase A, lipoprotein associated phospholipase A2, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, lipoprotein-associated PLA2, LLPL, LM-PLA2-I, LM-PLA2-II, LmTX-I, LmTX-II, Lp-PLA2, Lpla2, Lys49 phospholipase A2 homologue, Lys49-phospholipase A2 homologue, Lys49-PLA2, lysophospholipase, lysosomal phospholipase A2, lysosomal PLA2, mAoPlaA, marine snail digestive phospholipase A2, megacin A-216, MiDCA1, milleporin-1, MjTX-II, More, MP-III 4R, mSDPL, MsPLA2-I, Muscarinic inhibitor, mycotoxin II, myotoxic Asp49-phospholipase A2, myotoxic phospholipase A2, Myotoxin, myotoxin I, NAJPLA-2A, NAJPLA-2B, NAJPLA-2C, natratoxin, neuropathy target esterase, neutral anticoagulant secretory phospholipase A2, Nigexine, NK-PLA2-I, NK-PLA2-II, NN-X-PLA2, NN-XI-PLA2, NN-XIa-PLA2, NND-IV-PLA2, Non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A2, Notechis 11'2, Notexin, notexinII-1, NPLA, NPS-PLA2, OHV A-PLA2, OHV-APLA2, OPLA2, PAF acetyl hydrolase/oxidized lipid LpPLA2, PAF-AH, pancreatic phospholipase A2, pancreatic-type PLA2, patatin, peroxiredoxin 6, pgPLA 1a/pgPLA 2a, PhlA, phosphatidase, phosphatide 2-acylhydrolase, phosphatidolipase, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIIC, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIID, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIIE, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIIF, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GIII, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GX, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GXII, Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase GXIII, phospholipase A, phospholipase A2, phospholipase A2 D49, phospholipase A2 gamma, Phospholipase A2 inhibitor, phospholipase A2 neurotoxin, phospholipase A2 PA-11, phospholipase A2alpha, phospholipase A2IValpha, phospholipase A2s, phospholipin, pkP5, Pla, PLA1, PLA2, PLA2 CM2, PLA2 neurotoxin, PLA2-10, PLA2-1B, PLA2-2A, PLA2-2C, PLA2-H, PLA2-I, PLA2-L, PLA2-V, PLA2-VI, PLA2-VII, PLA2alpha, PLA2G1B, PLA2G2D, Pla2g4a, Pla2g4b, PLA2G4C, PLA2G4D, PLA2G6, PLA2IID, PLA2III, PLA2IValpha, PLA2s, platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase, platelet activating factor acetyl hydrolase/oxidized lipid LpPLA2, platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, platlet-activating factor acetylhydrolase, plpA, ppPLA2, Prdx6, promutoxin, PrTX-1, PrTX-I, PrTX-III, Pt-PLA1, Pt-PLA2, R49 PLA2, RVV acidic PLA2-I, RVV-7, RVVA-PLA2-I, SCO1048 protein, Scol/Pla, secreted group IID phospholipase A2, secreted human phospholipase A2, secreted phospholipase A2, secreted phospholipaseA2 neurotoxin, secreted phospholipases A2, secreted PLA2, secreted sPLA2, secretory Ca2+-dependent PLA2, secretory phospholipase, secretory phospholipase A2, secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA, secretory phospholipase A2 type IB, secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA, secretory phospholipase A2-alpha, secretory PLA2s, Secretory-type PLA, stroma-associated homolog, snake presynoptic phospholipase A2 neurotoxin, SPAN, specific phospholipase A2, sPLA(2), sPLA(2)-IID, sPLA(2)-IIE, sPLA(2)-IIF, sPLA-V, sPLA2, sPLA2 GIB, sPLA2 GIIA, sPLA2 IB, sPLA2 type IIA, sPLA2(IIA), sPLA2-IB, sPLA2-IIA, sPLA2-IID, sPLA2-IIE, sPLA2-IIF, sPLA2-V, sPLA2-X, sPLA2:, sPLA2IB2, svPLA2, taipoxin, textilotoxin, thrombin inhibitor from Naja haje, TI-Nh, TMV-K49, toxin I, Toxin VI, Toxin VI:5, TPP, trimorphin, TTS-2.2, Tx-1, TX-I, type III cytotoxin, type VIIA PLA2, zhaoermiatoxin

ECTree

     3 Hydrolases
         3.1 Acting on ester bonds
             3.1.1 Carboxylic-ester hydrolases
                3.1.1.4 phospholipase A2

Expression

Expression on EC 3.1.1.4 - phospholipase A2

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EXPRESSION
ORGANISM
UNIPROT
LITERATURE
activation of PLA2 is inhibited by dsRNAs specific to different Toll and Imd genes
-
cPLA2 protein levels are increased ca. 2fold in muscle homogenates 7 days post-denervation. The cPLA2 protein levels are also elevated in Sod1-/- and G93A mice
-
fetal bovine serum and serum starved conditions stimulate cPLA2alpha
-
following oral infection with Trypanosoma rangeli, significant attenuation of PLA2 activities in hemocytes (cPLA2, sPLA2 and iPLA2) in cell-free hemolymph. Trypanosoma rangeli infection inhibits total PLA2 activity in lysates from hemocytes by 39%
-
following oral infection with Trypanosoma rangeli, significant enhancement of sPLA2 activities in cell-free hemolymph
-
high concentration of Ca2+ is necessary for the expression of the enzyme activity
IL-1beta induces cPLA2 protein expression in a time-dependent manner with a maximal response within 16-24 h. IL-1beta also enhances cPLA2 mRNA accumulation in a time-dependent manner with a maximal response within 5 h. IL-1beta-induced cPLA2 expression requires ongoing transcription and translation. Association of p300 and histone H4 leads to cPLA2 gene transcription. In human tracheal smooth muscle cells, activation of MAPKs (p42/p44 MAPK and p38 MAPK), NF-kappaB, JNK1/2 an the co-activator p300 are essential for IL-1beta-induced cPLA2 expression and prostaglandin E2 secretion
-
IL-1beta-mediated induction of cPLA2 expression is abolished by either actinomycin D or cycloheximide in a concentration-dependent manner. SB202190 or SP600125 inhibit cPLA2 protein and mRNA expression induced by IL-1beta. Transfection with JNK2 siRNA or p300 siRNA blocks cPLA2 expression induced by IL-1beta. AACOCF3, U0126, SB202190, SP600125, or helenalin significantly inhibit IL-1beta-stimulated prostaglandin E2 synthesis linked to cPLA2 activity
-
iPLA2 mRNA expression is increased in neutrophils from people with diabetes and mediates superoxide generation
-
lipopolysaccharide has no effect on iPLA2 mRNA and does not induce expression of cPLA2-zeta. Lipopolysaccharide does not induce or enhance the release of any sPLA2s. Lipopolysaccharide neither enhances the sPLA2s GIID, GIIE, GIIF, GX and GXIIA constitutively expressed by macrophages nor induces the expression of GIB and GIII, which are undetectable in resting cells
Lp-PLA2 is highly expressed in the necrotic core of atherosclerotic lesions
-
macrophages express the alpha isoform of group IV and group VIA cPLA2. Stimulation of macrophages with lipopolysaccharide for 24 hours induces on average a 7fold increase of cPLA2-alpha expression. GIIA is also upregulated by lipopolysaccharide. Both Mycobacterium tuberculosis purified protein derivative and lipopolysaccharide induce arachidonic acid mobilization via cPLA2-alpha in macrophages
nPLA treatment shows a downregulation of endogenous iPLA2
-
nPLA treatment shows an upregulation of PLA2-1B, -2A and -2C and cPLA2
-
oxidized low density lipoprotein, and more specifically its unhydrolyzed oxidized phospholipids, upregulate lp-PLA2 expression in monocytes through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and p38 mitogen-activating protein kinase pathway. Oxidized low density lipoprotein-treated cells produce lp-PLA2 mRNA in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Oxidized high density lipoprotein can also induce lp-PLA2 expression
-
recognition of bacterial challenge initiates Toll and Imd pathways, which subsequently induces the expression of immune-associated PLA2s as well as gene expression of various AMPs
-
secretion of sPLA2 during limb development
-
siRNA1 reduces the expression of cPLA2alpha
-
the transcript is readily detectable at 12 h postfertilization and continues to be expressed at similar level until 72 h, after which the expression declines dramatically. Protein expression is detectable at 12 h, with peak expression occurring between 24 and 34 h postfertilization
transfection with iPLA2 siRNA results in ca. 50% reduction in mRNA levels of iPLA2
-
unstimulated and low density lipoprotein-treated THP-1 cells fail to produce detectable levels of lp-PLA2. Inhibition of either phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (by LY294002 and wortmannin) or p38 mitogen-activating protein kinase (by SB203580 and SB202190) completely blocks oxidized low density lipoprotein-induced lp-PLA2 expression. Neither platelet activating factor and lyso-platelet activating factor nor 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine and high density lipoprotein can induce lp-PLA2 expression
-
Xenorhabdus nematophila induces an immunosuppression of target insects by inhibiting phospholipase A2 activity